[1] GRIINARI J M,BAUMAN D E.Biosynthesis of conjugated linoleic acid and its incorporation into meat and milk in ruminants[M]//YURAWECZ M P,MOSSOBA M M,KRAMER J K G,et al.Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research.Nelson G J:AOCS Press,1999:180-200.
[2] LOCK A,GARNSWORTHY P C.Independent effects of dietary linoleic and linolenic fatty acids on the conjugated linoleic acid content of cows' milk[J].Animal Science,2002,74:163-176.
[3] STERK A,VLAEMINCK B,VAN VUUREN A M,et al.Effects of feeding different linseed sources on omasal fatty acid flows and fatty acid profiles of plasma and milk fat in lactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2012,95(6):3149-3165.

[4] REVENEAU C,RIBEIRO C V,EASTRIDGE M L,et al.Interaction of unsaturated fat or coconut oil with monensin in lactating dairy cows fed 12 times daily.II.Fatty acid flow to the omasum and milk fatty acid profile[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2012,95(4):2061-2069.

[5] 刘仕军,王加启,卜登攀,等.日粮添加植物油籽对乳脂脂肪酸的影响[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(6):1248-1253.
[6] MULLINS C R,BRADFORD B J.Effects of a molasses-coated cottonseed product on diet digestibility,performance,and milk fatty acid profile of lactating dairy cattle[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93(7):3128-3135.

[7] GRIINARI J M,DWYER D A,MCGUIRE M A,et al.
Trans-octadecenoic acids and milk fat depression in lactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1998,81:1251-1261.
[8] BAUMGARD L H,MATITASHVILI E,CORL B A,et al.
trans-10,
cis-12 conjugates linoleic acid decreases lipognic rates and expression of genes involved in milk lipid synthesis in dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2002,85(9):2155-2163.

[9] DE VETH M J,BAUMAN D E,KOCH W,et al.Efficacy of conjugated linoleic acid for improving reproduction:a multi-study analysis in early-lactation dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92:2662-2669.
[10] KHODAMORADI S,FATAHNIA F,TAHERPOUR K,et al.Effect of monensin and vitamin E on milk production and composition of lactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2012.doi:10.1111/j.1439-0396.2012.01307.x.
[11] KALSCHEUR K F,TETER B B,PIPEROVA L S,et al.Effect of dietary forage concentration and buffer addition on duodenal flow of
trans-C18:1 fatty acids and milk fat production in dairy cows [J].Journal of Dairy Science,1997,80(9):2104-2114.

[12] AHNADI C E,BESWICK N,DELBECCHI L,et al.Addition of fish oil to diets for dairy cows.II.Effects on milk fat and gene expression of mammary lipogenic enzymes[J].Journal of Dairy Research,2002,69(4):521-531.
[13] JACOBS A A,VAN BAAL J,SMITS M A,et al.Effects of feeding rapeseed oil,soybean oil,or linseed oil on stearoyl-CoA desaturase expression in the mammary gland of dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(2):874-887.

[14] ANGULO J,MAHECHA L,NUERNBERG K,et al.Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids from plant oils and algae on milk fat yield and composition are associated with mammary lipogenic and SREBF1 gene expression[J].Animal,2012,6(12):1961-1972.

[15] 胡菡,王加启,李发弟,等.游离亚麻酸对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞脂肪酸代谢相关基因mRNA转录的影响[J].动物营养学报,2010,22(5):1342-1349.
[16] CLARKE S D.Nonalcoholic steatosis and steatohepatitis.I.Molecular mechanism for polyunsaturated fatty acid regulation of gene transcription[J].American Journal of Physiology:Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology,2001,281(4):865-869.
[17] HAN LQ,PANG K,LI H J,et al.Conjugated linoleic acid-induced milk fat reduction associated with depressed expression of lipogenic genes in lactating Holstein mammary glands[J].Genetics and Molecular Research,2012,11(4):4754-4764.
[18] BAUMGARD L H,CORL B A,DWYER D A,et al.Identification of the conjugated linoleic acid isomer that inhibits milk fat synthesis[J].American Journal of Physiology:Regulatory,Integrative and Comparative Physiology,2000,278(1):179-184.
[19] HARVATINE K J,PERFIELD J W,BAUMAN D E.Expression of enzymes and key regulators of lipid synthesis is upregulated in adipose tissue during CLA-induced milk fat depression in dairy cows [J].The Journal of Nutrition,2009,139(5):849-854.

[20] 钟荣珍,高艳霞,李秋凤,等.饲粮全棉籽比例对奶牛泌乳性能及乳脂脂肪酸组成的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(4):762-768.
[21] REGO O A,ROSA H J D,PORTUQAL P,et al.Influence of dietary fish oil on conjugated linoleic acid,omega-3 and other fatty acids in milk fat from grazing dairy cows[J].Livestock Production Science,2005,95(1):27-33.
[22] BORK N R,SCHROEDER J W,LARDY G P,et al.Effect of feeding rolled flaxseed on milk fatty acid profiles and reproductive performance of dairy cows[J].Journal of Animal Science,2010,88:3739-3748.
[23] KAZAMA R,CRTES,DA SILVA-KAZAMA D,et al.Abomasal or ruminal administration of flax oil and hulls on milk production,digestibility,and milk fatty acid profile of dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93(10):4781-4790.

[24] KHAS-ERDENE Q,WANG J Q,BU D P,et al.Short communication:responses to increasing amounts of free alpha-linolenic acid infused into the duodenum of lactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93(4):1677-1684.

[25] LEIBER F,HOCHSTRASSER R,WETTSTEIN H R,et al.Feeding transition cows with oilseeds:effects on fatty acid composition of adipose tissue,colostrum and milk[J].Livestock Science,2011,138:1-12.
[26] SANTOS J E,BILBY T R,THATCHER W W,et al.Long chain fatty acids of diet as factors influencing reproduction in cattle[J].Reproduction in Domestic Animals,2008,43(Suppl.2):23-30.
[27] ZACHUT M,DEKEL I,LEHRER H,et al.Effects of dietary fats differing in n-6:n-3 ratio fed to high-yielding dairy cows on fatty acid composition of ovarian compartments,follicular status,and oocyte quality[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93(2):529-545.

[28] SILVESTRE F T,CARVALHO T S,FRANCISCO N,et al.Effects of differential supplementation of fatty acids during the peripartum and breeding periods of Holstein cows:I.Uterine and metabolic responses,reproduction,and lactation[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(1):189-204.

[29] TYAGI N,THAKUR S S,SHELKE S K.Effect of bypass fat supplementation on productive and reproductive performance in crossbred cows[J].Tropical Animal Health and Production,2010,42(8):1749-1755.

[30] MEDEIROS S R,OLIVEIRA D E,AROEIRA L J,et al.Effects of dietary supplementation of rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid to grazing cows in early lactation[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93(3):1126-1137.

[31] 孙德成,赵智力,魏曼琳,等.复合脂肪酸和乳酸对奶牛瘤胃VFA和CH
4的影响[J].中国奶牛,2011,16:8-11.
[32] HOLLMANN M,BEEDE D K.Comparison of effects of dietary coconut oil and animal fat blend on lactational performance of Holstein cows fed a high-starch diet[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2012,95(3):1484-1499.

[33] SODER K J,BRITO A F,RUBANO M D,et al.Effect of incremental flaxseed supplementation of an herbage diet on methane output and ruminal fermentation in continuous culture[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2012,95(7):3961-3969.

[34] BEAUCHEMIN K A,MCGINN S M,BENCHAAR C,et al.Crushed sunflower,flax,or canola seeds in lactating dairy cow diets:effects on methane production,rumen fermentation,and milk production[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92:2118-2127.
[35] HRISTOV A N,LEE C,CASSIDY T,et al.Effects of lauric and myristic acids on ruminal fermentation,production,and milk fatty acid composition in lactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(1):382-395.

[36] VAN ZIJDERVELD S M,DIJKSTRA J,PERDOK H B,et al.Dietary inclusion of diallyl disulfide,yucca powder,calcium fumarate,an extruded linseed product,or medium-chain fatty acids does not affect methane production in lactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(6):3094-3104.

[37] WANG J P,BU D P,WANG J Q,et al.Effect of saturated fatty acid supplementation on production and metabolism indices in heat-stressed mid-lactation dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93(9):4121-4127.

[38] 刘艳琴,李建国,江富华,等.泌乳早期奶牛日粮中添加脂肪酸钙对乳成分的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2000(5):38-39.
[39] MOALLEM U,ALTMARK G,LEHRER H,et al.Performance of high-yielding dairy cows supplemented with fat or concentrate under hot and humid climates[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93(7):3192-3202.

[40] 杨游,袁志琳,董国忠,等.饲粮中添加脂肪酸钙和烟酸铬对热应激奶牛产奶性能、生理指标及血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(1):145-151.
[41] 霍小凯.日粮过瘤胃淀粉和脂肪水平对热应激奶牛生产性能和能量平衡的影响[D].硕士学位论文.乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2009.