[1] SIMOPOULOS A P.Omega-6/omega-3 essential fatty acid ratio and chronic diseases[J].Food Reviews International,2004,20:77-90.
[2] NHMRC.Nutrient reference values for australia and new zealand,including recommended dietary intakes. :,2006:37.
[3] GARG M L,LEITCH J,BLAKE R J,et a1.Long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid incorporation into human atrium following fish oil supplementation[J].Lipids,2006,41:1127-1132.
[4] BRENNER R R.Factors influencing fatty acid chain elongation and desaturation[M]//VERGROESEN A J.CRAWFORD M.The role of fats in human nutrition.New York:Academic Press,1989:45-80.
[5] SPRECHER H,LUTHRIA D L,MOHAMMED B S,et al.Reevaluation of the pathways for the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids[J].Joural of Lipid,1995,36:2471-2477.
[6] KORVER D R,WAKENELL P,KLASING C.Dietary fish oil alters or lofrin,a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor,decrease the growth-suppressing effects of coccidiosis in broiler chicks[J].Poultry Science,1997b,76:1355-1363.
[7] SIMOPOULOS A P.The role of fatty acids in gene expression:health implications[J].Annals of Nutrition and Metabalic,1996,40:303-311.
[8] MATER M K,THELEN A P,PAN D A,et al.Sterol response element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c) is involved in the polyunsaturated fatty acid suppression of hepatic S14 gene transcription[J].Joural of Biological Chemitry,1999,274(46):32725-32732.
[9] DUPLUS E,FOREST C.Is there a single mechanism for fatty acid regulation of gene transcription[J].Biochemical Pharmcology,2002,64(5):893-901.
[10] VOLGAREV M N,LEVACHEV M M,TRUSHCHINA E N,et al.The modulation of the function of the immunocompetent system and of nonspecific body resistance in rats with different ratios of essential fatty acids in the diet[J].Europe PubMed Central,1993,116(12):607-609.
[11] PILEVAR M,ARSHAMI J,GOLIAN A,et al.Effects of dietary n-6∶ n-3 ratio on immune and reproductive systems of pullet chicks[J].Poultry Science,2011,90:1758-1766.
[12] KOUBA M,MOUROT J.A review of nutritional effects on fat composition of animal products with special emphasis on n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids[J].Biochimie,2011,93:13-17.
[13] GOMEZ-CORTEZ P,BACH A,LUNA P,et al.Effects of extruded linseed supplementation on n-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid in milk and cheese from ewes[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92:4122-4134.
[14] RAES K,HAAK L,BALCAEN A,et al.Effect of linseed feeding at similar linoleic acid levels on the fatty acid composition of doublemuscled Belgian Blue young bulls[J].Meat Science,2004b,66:307-315.
[15] BAS P,SAUVANT D.Variations de la composition des dépts lipidiques chez les bovins[J].Productions Animales,2001,14:311-322.
[16] WACHIRA A M,SINCLAIR L A,WILKINSON R G,et al.Effects of dietary fat source and breed on the carcass composition,n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and conjugated linoleic acid content of sheep meat and adipose tissue[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2002,88:697-709.
[17] MISSOTTEN J,DE SMET S,RAES K,et al.Effect of supplementation of the maternal diet with fish oil or linseed oil on fatty acid composition and expression of D5- and D6-desaturase in tissues of piglets[J].Animal,2009,3(8):1196-1204.
[18] MOUROT J,HERMIER D.Lipids in monogastric animal meat[J].Reproduction Nutrition Develpoment,2001,41:109-118.
[19] SHAPIRA N,WEILL P,LOEWENBACH R.Egg fortification with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA):nutritional benefits versus high n-6 PUFA western diets,and consumer acceptance[J].The Israel Medical Association,2008,10:262-265.
[20] KOUBA M,BENATMANE F,BLOCHET J E,et al.Effect of a linseed diet on lipid oxidation,fatty acid composition of muscle,perirenal fat,and raw and cooked rabbit meat[J].Meat Science,2008,80:829-834.
[21] GUILLEVIC M,KOUBA M,MOUROT J.Effect of a linseed diet on lipid composition,lipid peroxidation and consumer evaluation of French fresh cooked pork meats[J].Meat Science,2009,81(4):612-618.
[22] CORTINAS L,BARROETA A,VILLAVERDE C,et al.Influence of the dietary polyunsaturation level on chicken meat quality:lipid oxidation[J].Poultry Science,2005,84:48-55.
[23] BOU R,CODONY R,TRES A,et al.Ditery strategies to improve nutritional value,oxidative stability and sensory properties of poultry products[J].Food Science and Nutrition,2009,49:800-822.
[24] BARROETA A C.Nutritive value of poultry meat:relationship between vitamin E and PUFA[J].World’s Poultry Science Association,2007,63:277-284.
[25] GOBERT M,MARTIN B,FERLAY A.Plant polyphenols associated with vitamin E can reduce plasma lipoperoxidation in dairy cows given n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92:6095-6104.
[26] KANG J X,WANG J,WU L,et al. Transgenic mice: fat-1 mice convert n-6 to n-3 fatty acids[J].Nature,2004,427(6974):504.
[27] KAO B T,LEWIS K A,PETERS E J,et al.Endogenous production and elevated levels of long-chain n-3 fatty acids in the milk of transgenic mice[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2006,89:3195-3201.
[28] SMET D S,RAES K,DEMEYER D.Meat fatty acid composition as affected by fatness and genetic factors:a review[J].Animal Research,2004,53:81-98.
[29] KOUBA M,ENSER M,WHITTINGTON F M,et al.Effect of a high-linolenic acid diet on lipogenic enzyme activities,fatty acid composition,and meat quality in the growing pig[J].Journal of Animal Science,2003,81(8):1967-1979.
[30] COLLINS C L,DAVIS J J,SINCLAIR A J,et al.Dietary flaxseed improves the fatty acid composition of lamb tissues[J].Asia Pacific Journal of Clinic Nutrition,2004,13(Suppl.):S52.
[31] BETTI M,PEREZ T I,ZUIDHOF M J,et al.Omega-3-enriched broiler meat:3.Fatty acid distribution between triacylglycerol and phospholipid classes[J].Poultry Science,2009,88:1740-1754.
[32] OLIVEIRA D D,BAIAO N C,CANCADO S V,et al.Effects of lipid sources in the diet of laying hens on the fatty acid profiles of egg yolks[J].Poultry Science,2010,89:2484-2490.
[33] ZACHUT M,ARIELI A,LEHRER H,et al.Effects of increased supplementation of n-3 fatty acids to transition dairy cows on performance and fatty acid profile in plasma,adipose tissue,and milk fat[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93:5877-5889.
[34] FARREL D J.Enrichment of hen eggs with n-3 long-chain fatty acids and evaluation of enriched eggs in humans[J].The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,1998,68(3):538-544.
[35] KITESSA S M,GULATI S K,SIMOS G C,et al.Supplementation of grazing dairy cows with rumen-protected tuna oil enriches milk fat with n-3 fatty acids without affecting milk production or sensory characteristics[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2004,91(2):271-278.
[36] THEURER M L,BLOCK E,SANCHEZ W K,et al.Calcium salts of polyunsaturated fatty acids deliver more essential fatty acids to the lactating dairy cow[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92(5):2051-2056.
[37] MARSHALL A C,KUBENA K S,HINTON K R,et al.n-3 fatty acid enriched table eggs:a survey of consumer acceptability[J].Poultry Science,1994a,73:1334-1340.
[38] SIMOPOULOS A P.The omega-6/omega-3 ratio:the scientific evidence and the need to return the omega-3 fatty acids into eggs and other foods[J].Nature’s Perfect Functional Food for Health Promotion,2006,20:195-218.
[39] PONTE P I P,PRATES J A M,CRESPO J P,et al.Restricting the intake of a cereal-based feed in free-range-pastured poultry:effects on performance and meat quality[J].Poultry Science,2008,87:2032-2042.
[40] RICHARDSON R I,WOOD J D,SCOLLAN N D,et al.Quality of meat from biodiverse grassland //HOPKINS J J,DUNCAN A J,MCCRACKEN D I,et al.High value grassland:providing biodiversity,a clean environment and premium products.Staffordshire UK:Keele University,2007:107-116.
[41] NUERNBERGA K,DANNENBERGERA D,NUERNBERGA G,et al.Effect of a grass-based and a concentrate feeding system on meat quality characteristics and fatty acid composition of longissimus muscle in different cattle breeds[J].Livestock Production Science,2005,94:137-147.
