[1] HENIKOFF S,SHILATIFARD A.Histone modification:cause or cog?[J].Trends in Genetics,2011,27(10):389-396.

[2] LAW J A,JACOBSEN S E.Establishing,maintaining and modifying DNA methylation patterns in plants and animals[J].Nature Reviews Genetics,2010,11(3):204-220.

[3] WILFFE A P,GUSCHIN D.Review:chromatin structural features and targets that regulate transcription[J].Journal of Structural Biology,2000,129(2/3):102-122.
[4] BAYARSAIHAN D.Epigenetic mechanisms in inflammation[J].Journal of Dental Research,2011,90(1):9-17.

[5] DAVIS C D,UTHUS E O.DNA methylation,cancer susceptibility,and nutrient interactions[J].Experimental Biology and Medicine,2004,229(10):988-995.
[6] HERMANN A,GOWHER H,JELTSCH A.Biochemistry and biology of mammalian DNA methyltransferases[J].Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences,2004,61(19/20):2571-2587.
[7] OKANO M,BELL D W,HABER D A,et al.DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b are essential for de novo methylation and mammalian development[J].Cell,1999,99(3):247-257.

[8] JONES P A,LIANG G N.Rethinking how DNA methylation patterns are maintained[J].Nature Reviews Genetics,2009,10(11):805-811.

[9] BARRÕS R,OSLER M E,YAN J,et al.Non-CpG methylation of the PGC-1α promoter through DNMT3B controls mitochondrial density[J].Cell Metabalism,2009,10(3):189-198.

[10] HEDGES D J,DEININGER P L.Inviting instability:transposable elements,double-strand breaks,and the maintenance of genome integrity[J].Mutation Research,2007,616(1/2):46-59.
[11] FUCHS J,DEMIDOV D,HOUBEN A,et al.Chromosomal histone modification patterns-from conservation to diversity[J].Trends in Plant Science,2006,11(4):199-208.

[12] CHENG X D,BLUENTHAL R M.Coordinated chromatin control:structural and functional linkage of DNA and histone methylation[J].Biochemistry,2010,49(14):2999-3008.

[13] BOLLATI V,BACCARELLI A.Environmental epigenetics[J].Heredity,2010,105(1):105-112.

[14] MARTIN C,ZHANG Y.The diverse functions of histone lysine methylation[J].Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology,2005,6(11):838-849.

[15] JOHNSON L,MOLLAH S,GARCIA B A,et al.Mass spectrometry analysis of
Arabidopsis histone H3 reveals distinct combinations of post-translational modifications[J].Nucleic Acids Research,2004,32(23):6511-6518.
[16] HUNTZINGER E,LZAURRALDE E.Gene silencing by microRNAs:contributions of translational repression and mRNA decay[J].Nature Reviews Genetics,2011,12(2):99-110.

[17] ZAMORE P D,HALEY B.Ribo-gnome:the big world of small RNAs[J].Science,2005,309(5740):1519-1524.

[18] BARTEL P D.MicroRNAs:target recognition and regulatory functions[J].Cell,2009,136(2):215-233.

[19] VOINNET O.Origin,biogenesis,and activity of plant microRNAs[J].Cell,2009,136(4):669-687.

[20] 刘瑾,汪晖,张本坚,等.表观遗传修饰在胚胎发育过程中的调控作用研究进展[J].中国药理学远毒理学杂志,2012,26(4):591-594.
[21] HANDEL A E,EBERS G C,RAMAGOPALAN S V,et al.Epigenetics:molecular mechanisms and implications for disease[J].Trends in Molecular Medicine,2010,16(1):7-16.

[22] CHOI S W,FRISO S.Epigenetics:a new bridge between nutrition and health[J].Advances in Nutrition,2010,1(1):8-16.

[23] LYKO F,FORET S,KUCHARSKI R,et al.The honey bee epigenomes:differential methylation of brain DNA in queens and workers[J].PLoS Biology,2010,8(11):e1000506.
[24] KUCHARSKI R,MALESZKA J,FORET S,et al.Nutritional control of reproductive status in honeybees via DNA methylation[J].Science,2008,319(5871):1827-1830.

[25] CHOI Y J,JANG K,YIM D S,et al.Effects of compensatory growth on the expression of milk protein gene and biochemical changes of the mammary gland in Holstein cows[J].The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry,1998,9(7):380-387.

[26] KIM Y I.Nutritional epigenetics:impact of folate deficiency on DNA methylation and colon cancer susceptibility[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2009,135(11):2703-2709.
[27] DUTHIE S J,GRANT G,PIRIE L P,et al.Folate deficiency alters hepatic and colon MGMT and OGG-1 DNA repair protein expression in rats but has no effect on genome-wide DNA methylation[J].Cancer Prevention Research,2010,3(1):92-100.

[28] KEYES M K,JANG H,MASON J B,et al.Older age and dietary folate are determinants of genomic and p16-specific DNA methylation in mouse colon[J].The Journal of Nutrtion,2007,137(7):1713-1717.
[29] CHOI S W,FRISO S,KEYES M K,et al.Folate supplementation increases genomic DNA methylation in the liver of elder rats[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2005,93(1):31-35.

[30] LINHART H G,TROEN A,BELL G W,et al.Folate deficiency induces genomic uracil misincorporation and hypomethylation but does not increase DNA point mutations[J].Gastroenterology,2009,136(1):227-235.

[31] TAMAS A G,KIM Y I,MARTHA C S,et al.Folic acid increases global DNA methylation and reduces inflammation to prevent helicobacter-associated gastric cancer in mice[J].Gastroenterology,2012,142(4):824-833.

[32] BURDGE G C,LILLYCROP K A,PHILLIPS E S,et al.Folic acid supplementation during the juvenile-pubertal period in rats modifies the phenotype and epigenotype induced by prenatal nutrition[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2009,139(6):1054-1060.

[33] KIM H W,KIM K N,CHOI Y J,et al.Effects of paternal folate deficiency on the expression of insulin-like growth factor-2 and global DNA methylation in the fetal brain[J].Molecular Nutrition and Food Reasearch,2013,57(4):671-676.

[34] ISKANDAR B J,RIZK E,MEIER B,et al.Folate regulation of axonal regeneration in the rodent central nervous system through DNA methylation[J].The Journal of Clinical Investigation,2010,120(5):1603-1616.

[35] NICULESCU M D,CRACIUNESCU C N,ZEISEL S H.Dietary choline deficiency alters global and gene-specific DNA methylation in the developing hippocampus of mouse fetal brains[J].The FASEB Journal,2006,20(1):43-49.

[36] MAHEDINT M G,CRACIUNESCU C N,ZEISEL S H.Maternal dietary choline deficiency alters angiogenesis in fetal mouse hippocampus[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2010,107(29):12834-12839.

[37] SILVIA F R,LAI S C,MURPHY M M,et al.Vitamin B
12 deficiency in the brain leads to DNA hypomethylation in the TCbIR/CD320 knockout mouse[J].Nutrition and Metanolism,2012,9(1):41.
[38] UEKAWA A,KATSUSHIMA K,OGATA A,et al.Change of epigenetic control of cystathionine beta-synthase gene expression through dietary vitamin B
12 is not recovered by methionine supplementation[J].Journal of Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics,2009,2(1):29-36.

[39] KULKARNI A,DANGAT K,KALE A,et al.Effects of altered maternal folic acid,vitamin B
12 and docosahexaenoic acid on placental global DNA methylation patterns in wistar rats[J].PLoS One,2011,6(3):e17706.
[40] MIN H.Effects of dietary supplementation of high-dose folic acid on biomarkers of methylating reaction in vitamin B
12-deficient rats[J].Nutrition Research and Practice,2009,3(2):122-127.

[41] SINCLAIR K D,ALLEGRUCCI C,SINGH R,et al.DNA methylation,insulin resistance,and blood pressure in offspring determined by maternal periconceptional B vitamin and methionine status[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2007,104(49):19351-19356.

[42] FEIL R,FRAGA M F.Epigenetics and the environment:emerging patterns and implications[J].Nature Reviews Genetics,2012,13(2):97-109.
[43] JIANG J D,ZHANG J Z,HUANG Y,et al.Homocysteine-mediated expression of SAHH,DNMTs,MBD2,and DNA hypomethylation potential pathogenic mechanism in VSMCs[J].DNA and Cell Biology,2007,26(8):603-611.

[44] ENGEHAM S F,HAASE A,LANGLEY-EVANS S C.Supplementation of a maternal low-protein diet in rat pregnancy with folic acid ameliorates programming effects upon feeding behaviour in the absence of disturbances to the methionine-homocysteine cycle[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2010,103(7):996-1007.

[45] MILAGRO F I,CAMPIÓN J,GARCIA-DÍAZ D F,et al.High fat diet-induced obesity modifies the methylation pattern of leptin promoter in rats[J].Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry,2009,65(1):1-9.

[46] CORDERO P,CAMPION J,MILAGRO F I,et al.Leptin and TNF-alpha promoter methylation levels measured by MSP could predict the response to a low-calorie diet[J].The Journal of Physiology Biochemistry,2011,67(3):463-470.

[47] WIDIKER S,KARST S,WAGENER A,et al.High-fat diet leads to a decreased methylation of the
Mc4r gene in the obese BFMI and the lean B6 mouse lines[J].Journal of Applied Genetics,2010,51(2):193-197.

[48] VUCETIC Z,KIMMEL J,TOTOKI K,et al.Maternal high fat diet alters methylation and gene expression of dopamine and opioid-related genes[J].Endocrinology,2010,151(10):4756-4764.

[49] OLTEANU H,BANERJEE R.Human methionine synthase reductase,a soluble P-450 reductase-like dual flavoprotein,is sufficient for NADPH-dependent methionine synthase activation[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,2001,276(38):35558-35563.

[50] LILLYCROP K A,PHILLIPS E S,TORRENS C,et al.Feeding pregnant rats a protein-restricted diet persistently alters the methylation of specific cytosines in the hepatic PPARα promoter of the offspring[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2008,100(2):278-282.
[51] LILLYCROP K A,SLATER-JEFFERIES J L,HANSON M A,et al.Induction of altered epigenetic regulation of the hepatic glucocorticoid receptor in the offspring of rats fed a protein-restricted diet during pregnancy suggests that reduced DNA methyltransferase-1 expression is involved in impaired DNA methylation and changes in histone modifications[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2007,97(6):1064-1073.

[52] BURDGE G C,SLATE-JEFFERIES J,TORRENS C,et al.Dietary protein restriction of pregnant rats in the F0 generation induces altered methylation of hepatic gene promoters in the adult male offspring in the F1 and F2 generations[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2007,97(3):435-439.

[53] JIA Y,CONG R,LI R,et al.Maternal low-protein diet induces gender-dependent changes in epigenetic regulation of the glucose-6-phosphatase gene in newborn piglet liver[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2012,142(9):1659-1665.

[54] JIA Y, LI R, CONG R,et al.Maternal low-protein diet affects epigenetic regulation of hepatic mitochondrial DNA transcription in a sex-specific manner in newborn piglets associated with GR binding to its promoter[J].PLoS One,2013,8(5):e63855.
[55] LILLYCROP K A,PHILLIPS E S,JCKSON A A,et al.Dietary protein restriction of pregnant rats induces and folic acid supplementation prevents epigenetic modification of hepatic gene expression in the offspring[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2005,135(6):1382-1386.
[56] BERMINGHAM E N,BASSETT S A,YOUNG W,et al.Post-weaning selenium and folate supplementation affects gene and protein expression and global DNA methylation in mice fed high-fat diets[J].BMC Medical Genomics,2013,6(1):7.
[57] DAVIS C D,UTHUS E.Dietary folate and selenium affect dimethylhydrazine-induced aberrant crypt formation,global DNA methylation and one-carbon metabolism in rats[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2003,133(9):2907-2914.
[58] ZENG H,YAN L,CHENG W H,et al.Dietary selenomethionine increases exon-specific DNA methylation of the p53 gene in rat liver and colon mucosa[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2011,141(8):1464-1468.

[59] SHARIF R,THOMAS P,ZALEWSKI P,et al.The role of zinc in genomic stability[J].Mutation Reasearch,2012,733(1/2):111-121.
[60] TIAN X,DIAZ F J.Acute dietary zinc deficiency before conception compromises oocyte epigenetic programming and disrupts embryonic development[J].Developmental Biology,2013,376(1):51-61.

[61] TAKAYA J,IHARADA A,OKIHANA H,et al.Magnesium deficiency in pregnant rats alters methylation of specific cytosines in the hepatic hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-2 promoter of the offspring[J].Epigenetics,2011,6(5):573-578.

[62] LINDER M C.The relationship of copper to DNA damage and damage prevention in humans[J].Mutation Research,2012,733(1/2):83-91.
[63] UTHUS E O,ROSS S A.Dietary selenium affects homocysteine metabolism differently in Fisher-344 rats and CD-1 mice[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2007,137(5):1132-1136.
[64] UTHUS E O,YOKOI K,DAVOS C D.Selenium deficiency in Fisher-344 rats decreases plasma and tissue homocysteine concentrations and alters plasma homocysteine and cysteine redox status[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2002,132(6):1122-1128.
[65] FIALA E S,STARETZ M E,PANDYA G A,et al.Inhibition of DNA cytosine methyltransferase by chemopreventive selenium compounds,determined by an improved assay for DNA cytosine methyltransferase and DNA cytosine methylation[J].Carcinogenesis,1998,19(4):597-604.