Effects of Benzoic Acid on Intestinal Microflora and Metabolites of Piglets

GAO Zengbing; YU Bing; ZHENG Ping; HE Jun; MAO Xiangbing; YU Jie; DIAO Hui; YAN Honglin; WANG Quyuan; CHEN Daiwen

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2014.04.025

Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition >

2014 , Vol. 26 >Issue 4: 1044 - 1054

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2014.04.025

Short Communications

Effects of Benzoic Acid on Intestinal Microflora and Metabolites of Piglets

GAO Zengbing ,
YU Bing ,
ZHENG Ping ,
HE Jun ,
MAO Xiangbing ,
YU Jie ,
DIAO Hui ,
YAN Honglin ,
WANG Quyuan ,
CHEN Daiwen

Expand

Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China

Received date: 2013-11-08

Online published: 2014-04-01

Fold

Abstract

This experiment was divided into in vivo experiment and in vitro experiment. In vivo experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary benzoic acid on pH, microflora structure and metabolites in digestive tract digesta of piglets. In vitro experiment was designed to further investigate the direct effects of benzoic acid on Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli. 1) In vivo experiment, a total of 20 healthy ‘Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire’ barrows with body weight of (18.75±0.20) kg were randomly divided into 2 groups with 10 replicates per group and 1 piglet per replicate, and fed a basal diet (control group) and the basal diet supplemented with 5 000 mg/kg benzoic acid (benzoic acid group), respectively. The experiment lasted for 14 d. 2) Based on the benzoic acid concentration and pH in intestinal digesta that were determined in vivo, in vitro experiment was conducted to further investigate the effects of different benzoic acid concentrations (0, 5, 15, 30, 200 and 1 000 mg/L) and pH (5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5 and 7.0) on porcine Lactobacillus johnsonii JJB3 and Escherichia coli ATCC25922. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with control group, the supplementation of 5 000 mg/kg benzoic acid significantly increased benzoic acid concentration in duodenal and ileal digesta (P<0.05), and decreased the pH in stomach, ileal, colonic (P<0.05) and rectal (P<0.01) digesta; 5000 mg/kg benzoic acid increased the number of Lactobacillus in ileal (P<0.05) and cecal (P<0.10) digesta, and increased the number of Bifidobacterium in ileal and cecal digesta (P<0.10). The concentrations of propionic acid, butyric acid and total volatile fatty acid in caecal digesta were increased in 5 000 mg/kg benzoic acid group (P<0.10). 2) The OD₆₀₀ value of Lactobacillus johnsonii JJB3 was increased with the increase of pH, and Lactobacillus had a strong tolerance to the concentration of benzoic acid. Benzoic acid at the concentration of 5, 15, 30 and 200 mg/L had beneficial ability, and 30 and 200 mg/L were better. The different concentrations of benzoic acid had antibacterial ability on Escherichia coli ATCC25922, and the high concentration of benzoic acid had more obvious antibacterial ability at pH 5.0 and 5.5. In conclusion, the diets supplemented with 5 000 mg/kg benzoic acid reduce the digestive tract pH of piglets, promote the growth of beneficial bacteria, improve the intestinal microflora structure, and increase the concentrations of propionic acid, butyric acid and total volatile fatty acid.

Key words： benzoic acid; intestinal microflora; volatile fatty acid; piglets

Cite this article

GAO Zengbing , YU Bing , ZHENG Ping , HE Jun , MAO Xiangbing , YU Jie , DIAO Hui , YAN Honglin , WANG Quyuan , CHEN Daiwen . Effects of Benzoic Acid on Intestinal Microflora and Metabolites of Piglets[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2014 , 26(4) : 1044 -1054 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2014.04.025

References

[1] SERVIN A L.Antagonistic activities of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria against microbial pathogens[J].FEMS Microbiology Reviews,2004,28(4):405-440.

[2] GRBER T,KLUGE H,HIRCHE F,et al.Effects of dietary benzoic acid and sodium-benzoate on performance,nitrogen and mineral balance and hippuric acid excretion of piglets[J].Archives of Animal Nutrition,2012,66(3):227-236.

[3] DIERICK N,MICHIELS J,VAN NEVEL C.Effect of medium chain fatty acids and benzoic acid,as alternatives for antibiotics,on growth and some gut parameters in piglets[J].Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences,2004,69(2):187-190.

[4] KLUGE H,BROZ J,EDER K.Effect of benzoic acid on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,nitrogen balance,gastrointestinal microflora and parameters of microbial metabolism in piglets[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2006,90(7/8):316-324.

[5] PAPATSIROS V,TASSIS P,TZIKA E,et al.Effect of benzoic acid and combination of benzoic acid with a probiotic containing Bacillus Cereus var.toyoi in weaned pig nutrition[J].Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences,2011,14(1):117-125.

[6] GUGGENBUHL P,SON A,QUINTANA A P,et al.Effects of dietary supplementation with benzoic acid (vevovitall^®) on the zootechnical performance,the gastrointestinal microflora and the ileal digestibility of the young pig[J].Livestock Science,2007,108(1):218-221.

[7] TORRALLARDONA D,BADIOLA I,BROZ J.Effects of benzoic acid on performance and ecology of gastrointestinal microbiota in weanling piglets[J].Livestock Science,2007,108(1):210-213.

[8] HALAS D,HANSEN C F,HAMPSON D,et al.Dietary supplementation with benzoic acid improves apparent ileal digestibility of total nitrogen and increases villous height and caecal microbial diversity in weaner pigs[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2010,160(3/4):137-147.

[9] ØVERLAND M,KJOS N P,BORG M,et al.Organic acids in diets for entire male pigs:effect on skatole level,microbiota in digesta,and growth performance[J].Livestock Science,2008,115(2):169-178.

[10] KNARREBORG A,MIQUEL N,GRANLI T,et al.Establishment and application of an in vitro methodology to study the effects of organic acids on coliform and lactic acid bacteria in the proximal part of the gastrointestinal tract of piglets[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2002,99(1):131-140.

[11] QI H,XIANG Z,HAN G,et al.Effects of different dietary protein sources on cecal microflora in rats[J].African Journal of Biotechnology,2011,10(19):3704-3708.

[12] FIERER N,JACKSON J A,VILGALYS R,et al.Assessment of soil microbial community structure by use of taxon-specific quantitative PCR assays[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2005,71(7):4117-4120.

[13] NING D,WANG H,ZHUANG Y.Induction of functional cytochrome P450 and its involvement in degradation of benzoic acid by Phanerochaete chrysosporium[J].Biodegradation,2010,21(2):297-308.

[14] BRIDGES J,FRENCH M,SMITH R,et al.The fate of benzoic acid in various species[J].Biochem Journal,1970,118:47-51.

[15] BRAY H,NEALE F,THORPE W.The fate of certain organic acids and amides in the rabbit:1.Benzoic and phenylacetic acids and their amides[J].Biochemical Journal,1946,40(1):134-139.

[16] 曾正渝.苯甲酸及其钠盐在食品和药品中的应用[J].中国药业,2007,16(6):64.

[17] KRISTENSEN N B,RGAARD J V,WAMBERG S,et al.Absorption and metabolism of benzoic acid in growing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2009,87(9):2815-2822.

[18] 冷向军,王康宁,杨凤,等.酸化剂对早期断奶仔猪胃酸分泌、消化酶活性和肠道微生物的影响[J].动物营养学报,2002,14(4):44-48.

[19] 李鹏,武书庚,张海军,等.复合酸化剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、胃肠道酸度及消化酶活性的影响[J].养猪,2009(1):5-8.

[20] 晏家友.缓释复合酸化剂对断奶仔猪消化道酸度及肠道形态和功能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2009.

[21] BURNELL T,CROMWELL G,STAHLY T S.Effects of dried whey and copper sulfate on the growth responses to organic acid in diets for weanling pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,1988,66(5):1100-1108.

[22] RISLEY C R,KORNEGAY E T,LINDEMANN M D,et al.Effect of feeding organic acids on selected intestinal content measurements at varying times postweaning in pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,1992,70(1):196-206.

[23] HALAS D,HANSEN C F,HAMPSON D J,et al.Effects of benzoic acid and inulin on ammonia-nitrogen excretion,plasma urea levels,and the pH in faeces and urine of weaner pigs[J].Livestock Science,2010,134(1/2/3):243-245.

[24] MURPHY D P,O'DOHERTY J V,BOLAND T M,et al.The effect of benzoic acid concentration on nitrogen metabolism,manure ammonia and odour emissions in finishing pigs[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2011,163:194-199.

[25] 吴忠良,张瑞峰,王金义.乳酸杆菌对早期断乳仔猪生长性能的影响[J].畜牧兽医杂志,2005,24(1):27-29.

[26] PICARD C,FIORAMONTI J,FRANCOIS A,et al.Review article:bifidobacteria as probiotic agents-physiological effects and clinical benefits[J].Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics,2005,22(6):495-512.

[27] GIBSON G R,WANG X.Regulatory effects of bifidobacteria on the growth of other colonic bacteria[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,1994,77(4):412-420.

[28] LEAVITT J,BARRETT J C,CRAWFORD B D,et al.Butyric acid suppression of the in vitro neoplastic state of Syrian hamster cells[J].Nature,1978,271(5642):262-265.

[29] BUHLER K,BUCHER B,WENK C,et al.Influence of benzoic acid in high fibre diets on nutrient digestibility and VFA production in growing/finishing pigs[J].Archives of Animal Nutrition,2009,63(2):127-136.

[30] KASPROWICZ-POTOCKA M,FRANKIEWICZ A,SELWET M,et al.Effect of salts and organic acids on metabolite production and microbial parameters of piglets' digestive tract[J].Livestock Science,2009,126(1):310-313.

[31] ØVERLAND M,KJOS N P,BORG M,et al.Organic acids in diets for entire male pigs[J].Livestock Science,2007,109(1):170-173.

[32] 黄沧海,谯仕彦,李德发,等.益生乳酸杆菌抑制大肠杆菌的研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2003,39(6):27-28.

[33] CRITTENDEN R,MARTINEZ N,PLAYNE M.Synthesis and utilisation of folate by yoghurt starter cultures and probiotic bacteria[J].International Journal of Food Microbiology,2003,80(3):217-222.

[34] BUGAUT M,BENTJAC M.Biological effects of short-chain fatty acids in nonruminant mammals[J].Annual Review of Nutrition,1993,13(1):217-241.

[35] BOFFA L C,LUPTON J R,MARIANI M R,et al.Modulation of colonic epithelial cell proliferation,histone acetylation,and luminal short chain fatty acids by variation of dietary fiber (wheat bran) in rats[J].Cancer Research,1992,52(21):5906-5912.

Options

Outlines

模态框（Modal）标题

Abstract

Cite this article

References