Review

Physiological Functions of Glutamate-Glutamine Cycle and Exchange in Placenta-Fetus Unit and Its Regulation

  • XIE Chunyan ,
  • ZHANG Yuzhe ,
  • WU Xin ,
  • FAN Zhiyong ,
  • YIN Yulong
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  • 1. Hunan Animal Health Aquaculture Engineering Center, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;
    2. College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China

Received date: 2013-12-02

  Online published: 2014-05-30

Abstract

Amino acids are important precursor substances for the development and growth of fetus, the biosynthesis of proteins, metabolism of nucleotides, and neurodevelopment. The transfer from mother to fetus and its metabolites of amino acids are extremely important for life activities. Glutamate and glutamine are the most abundant in placenta, and the maximum deposition of amino acids in fetus of pigs during late pregnancy. Glutamate is the only amino acid net output from the fetal plasma, and glutamine transported to the fetal circulation with the highest rate. Glutamate-glutamine cycle, exchange and metabolism between mother, placenta and fetus play a key role on fetal growth and development. This may be the main mediated pathway between maternal and fetal development. This paper reviews glutamate-glutamine metabolic, physiological functions and possible regulating mechanism in placenta-fetus unit, and the effect of N-carbamoylglutamate on glutamate-glutamine cycle in placenta-fetus unit and the regulating mechanism, to provide a reference for the study of metabolism and its regulation of glutamate-glutamine in placenta-fetus unit.

Cite this article

XIE Chunyan , ZHANG Yuzhe , WU Xin , FAN Zhiyong , YIN Yulong . Physiological Functions of Glutamate-Glutamine Cycle and Exchange in Placenta-Fetus Unit and Its Regulation[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2014 , 26(6) : 1430 -1434 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2014.06.002

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