[1] NISSEN S,KUHLMAN G,ROTH J A.Modulation of ovine lymphocyte function by leucine and leucine metabolites[J].Amino Acids,1990,86(4):817-820.
[2] TAKO E,FERKET P R,UNI Z.Effects of
in ovo feeding of carbohydrates and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate on the development of chicken intestine[J].Poultry Science,2004,83(12):2023-2028.

[3] UNI Z,FERKET P R,TAKO E,et al.
In ovo feeding improves energy status of late-term chicken embryos[J].Poultry Science,2005,84(5):764-770.

[4] FOYE O T,UNI Z,FERKET P R.Effect of
in ovo feeding egg white protein,beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate,and carbohydrates on glycogen status and neonatal growth of turkeys[J].Poultry Science,2006,85(7):1185-1192.

[5] KORNASIO R,HALEVY O,KEDAR O,et al.Effect of
in ovo feeding and its interaction with timing of first feed on glycogen reserves,muscle growth,and body weight[J].Poultry Science,2011,90(7):1467-1477.

[6] 乔璇,岳洪源,计峰,等.β-羟基-β-甲基丁酸钙对肉仔鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和血液激素的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2011,38(8):5-9.
[7] SMIRNOV A,TAKO E,FERKET P R,et al.Mucin gene expression and mucin content in the chicken intestinal goblet cells are affected by
in ovo feeding of carbohydrates[J].Poultry Science,2006,85(4):669-673.

[8] BUYSE J,SWENNEN Q,VANDEMAELE F,et al.Dietary β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate supplementation influences performance differently after immunization in broiler chickens[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2009,93(4):512-519.

[9] FOYE O T,FERKET P R,UNI Z.The effects of
in ovo feeding arginine,β-hydroxy-β-methyl-butyrate,and protein on jejunal digestive and absorptive activity in embryonic and neonatal turkey poults[J].Poultry Science,2007,86(11):2343-2349.

[10] FOYE O T,ASHWELL C,UNI Z,et al.The effects of intra-amnionic feeding of arginine and/or β-hyroxy-β-methylbutyrate on jejunal gene expression in the turkey embryo and hatchling[J].Poultry Science,2009,8(5):437-445.

[11] MOORE D T,FERKET P R,MOZDZIAK P E.The effect of early nutrition on satellite cell dynamics in the young turkey[J].Poultry Science,2005,84(5):748-756.

[12] VASILATOS-YOUNKEN R,SCANES C G.Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factors in poultry growth:required,optimal,or ineffective?[J].Poultry Science,1991,70(8):1764-1780.

[13] 王星,吴红专,贺东生,等.鸡生长激素研究进展[J].中国家禽,1998,20(10):25-26.
[14] 陈杰.家畜生理学[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[15] 李震钟.家畜环境生理学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995.
[16] LU J W,MCMURTRY J P,COON C N.Developmental changes of plasma insulin,glucagon,insulin-like growth factors,thyroid hormones,and glucose concentrations in chick embryos and hatched chicks[J].Poultry Science,2007,86(4):673-683.

[17] GERLINGER-ROMERO F,GUIMARÃES-FERREIRA L,GIANNOCCO G,et al.Chronic supplementation of β-hydroxy-β-methyl-butyrate (HMβ) increases the activity of the GH/IGF-I axis and induces hyperinsulinemia in rats[J].Growth Hormone&IGF Research,2011,21(2):57-62.

[18] LIU H H,WANG J W,ZHANG R P,et al.
In ovo feeding of IGF-1 to ducks influences neonatal skeletal muscle hypertrophy and muscle mass growth upon satellite cell activation[J].Journal of Cellular Physiology,2012,227(4):1465-1475.