Tolerance Evaluation of Ethoxyquin in Diets of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)

LIU Jintao, AI Lichuan, WANG Jia, HAN Fang, XUE Min, ZHENG Yinhua, WU Xiufeng, ZHANG Yanjiao

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.04.019

Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition >

2015 , Vol. 27 >Issue 4: 1152 - 1162

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.04.019

Aquaculture Nutrition

Tolerance Evaluation of Ethoxyquin in Diets of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)

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1. Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
2. National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Station, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

Received date: 2014-10-31

Online published: 2015-04-21

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Abstract

A 10-week growth trial was conducted to evaluate the tolerance of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) on ethoxyquin (EQ) based on growth performance, antioxidant response and liver histological change. Four experimental diets were prepared with EQ supplemental levels at 0 (FFO group), 150 (FFO-150 group), 300 (FFO-300 group) and 1 500 mg/kg (FFO-1500 group), in which 150 mg/kg was the maximum recommended level of European Union, 300 and 1 500 mg/kg were 2 and 10 fold levels, respectively. In addition, a negative control diet (OFO group) with oxidized fish oil to replace fresh fish oil was designed. Each diet was fed to 6 replicates with 30 largemouth bass [initial body weight=(4.01±0.01) g]. The results showed as follows: fish in OFO group showed the worst growth performance, and no significant differences were observed in weight gain rate, special gain rate, feed conversion ratio and feeding rate among other groups (P>0.05), while the survival rate in OFO-300 and OFO-1500 groups was significantly higher than that in OFO and FFO groups (P<0.05). The condition factor in FFO-150 group was significantly increased compared with OFO group (P<0.05); the hepatosomatic index and viscerasomatic index in FFO-1500 group had no significant changes compared with FFO group (P>0.05), but significantly higher than those in other groups (P<0.05). Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in liver in FFO-300 and FFO-1500 groups was significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.05). The supplementation of 300 and 1 500 mg/kg EQ could significantly enhance the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and total antioxidative capability (T-AOC) in muscle (P<0.05). Antioxidant enzyme activities in gill of fish in each group changed erratically. Catalase (CAT) activity and T-AOC in heart were significantly decreased by EQ supplementation (P<0.05). Malondiadehyde (MDA) content in liver, gill and heart was decreased with EQ supplemental level increasing. Different degrees of liver histological damage were observed in every group, and fish fed diets with 150 and 1 500 mg/kg EQ relieved the symptom. The present study shows that the 150 mg/kg EQ has a positive effect on antioxidant and it is safe for largemouth bass. The 10 fold of safety margin is obtained by the present study. In the view of survival rate and antioxidant protection, our present study suggests that the maximum recommended level of EQ is 300 mg/kg in diets of largemouth bass.

Key words： largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides); ethoxyquin; growth; antioxidant; liver histology; tolerance

Cite this article

LIU Jintao, AI Lichuan, WANG Jia, HAN Fang, XUE Min, ZHENG Yinhua, WU Xiufeng, ZHANG Yanjiao . Tolerance Evaluation of Ethoxyquin in Diets of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2015 , 27(4) : 1152 -1162 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.04.019

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