Effects of Energy and Protein Levels on Growth Performance and Rumen Fermentation of Beef Calves

GUO Feng, TU Yan, ZOU Caixia, GUO Qun, MIAO Zhong, DIAO Qiyu

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.06.004

Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition >

2015 , Vol. 27 >Issue 6: 1681 - 1689

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.06.004

Ruminant Nutrition

Effects of Energy and Protein Levels on Growth Performance and Rumen Fermentation of Beef Calves

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1. Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
2. College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumq 830052, China;
3. Guangxi Buffaloes Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China;
4. Shandong Caoxian County Bureau of Animal Husbandry, Caoxian 274400, China

Received date: 2014-12-26

Online published: 2015-06-17

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Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine appropriate energy and protein levels of milk replacer (MR) for German yellow×Xianan beef calves. Forty neonatal German yellow×Xianan calves were selected and assigned randomly to 4 groups (10 calves per group) according to body weight, and calves received milk replacer with different energy and protein levels, which were 16 MJ/kg digestive energy (DE) and 25% crude protein (CP) (HEHP group), 16 MJ/kg DE and 22% CP (HELP group), 14 MJ/kg DE and 25% CP (LEHP group), and 14 MJ/kg DE and 22% CP (LELP group), respectively. Calves were weaned off milk at 21 days of age and milk replacer was fed to calves till 90 days of age. The results showed as follows: 1) energy and protein levels of milk replacer significantly affected daily gain of calves (21 to 90 days of age, P<0.05), and HEHP group (524.12 g) was significantly higher compared with LELP group (432.48 g) (P<0.05); 2) main effects of energy and protein levels of milk replacer of body measurements was on heart girth development, and HEHP group at 77 and 90 days of age was significantly higher than LELP group (P<0.05); 3) there were no significant differences in rumen fluid pH, the contents of acetate, propionate, butyrate and valerate, and acetate/propionate (P>0.05), ammonia nitrogen concentration in LEHP group was significantly higher than that in LELP and HELP groups (P<0.05), the content of isobutyrate in HELP and LEHP groups was significantly higher than that in LELP group (P<0.05), and the content of isovalerate in LELP group was significantly lower than that in the other groups (P<0.05). To sum up, the high-energy (16 MJ/kg DE) milk replacer seems to be more beneficial for the growth performance and rumen fermentation of calves, high-protein (25% CP) milk replacer can provide enough protein to calves, and low-energy and low-protein levels (22% CP, 14 MJ/kg DE) of milk replacer can not meet the demand of calves.

Key words： calves breeding; nutritional level; milk replacer; growth performance; rumen fermentation; South China

Cite this article

GUO Feng, TU Yan, ZOU Caixia, GUO Qun, MIAO Zhong, DIAO Qiyu . Effects of Energy and Protein Levels on Growth Performance and Rumen Fermentation of Beef Calves[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2015 , 27(6) : 1681 -1689 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.06.004

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