Molecular Nutrition

Effects of Soybean Allergic Proteins on Growth, Digestion and Non-Specific Immune of Litopenaeus vannamei

  • CHEN Xiaoming ,
  • HUA Xueming ,
  • ZHU Weixing ,
  • HE Yading ,
  • SHUI Chun ,
  • WU Zhao ,
  • CHEN Qingqing ,
  • KONG Chun
Expand
  • 1. Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
    2. Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai 201306, China;
    3. Shanghai Fisheries Research Institute, Shanghai 200433, China

Received date: 2015-01-29

  Online published: 2015-07-07

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of soybean glycinin and β-conglycinin on growth, digestion and non-specific immune of Litopenaeus vannamei when the dietary fish meal (FM) and soybean meal (SBM) substitution with fermented soybean meal (FSBM). In experiment 1, five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated for L. vannamei, a basal diet (D0 group) contained 30% FM and 15% SBM was formulated firstly, and then the FM and SBM (2:1) in the basal diets were replaced by 2% (D2 group), 5% (D5 group), 8% (D8 group) and 15% (D15 group) of FSBM, respectively. In experiment 2, three isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated for L. vannamei, a basal diet (the same as D0 group in experiment 1) was formulated firstly, and then replacing SBM in the basal diet with casein (no allergic proteins, DC group) and soybean protein isolate (contained a little allergic proteins, DF group) completely to meet the lower soybean allergic proteins in diets. L. vannamei with the initial average body weight of (5.86±0.04) g were randomly assigned to 7 groups with 3 replicates of 60 shrimp for each group in outdoor cement tank cultured 44 days. Results of experiment 1 showed that with FSBM supplemental level increasing, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was firstly decreased and then increased and the lowest value was found in D5 group; protein efficiency ratio (PER) and survival rate (SR) were firstly increased and then decreased and the highest values were found in D5 and D8 groups, respectively. The whole body crude protein and crude lipid contents, and hepatosomatic index in D8 group were the highest, and significantly higher than those in D5 group (P < 0.05). The apparent digestibility of dry matter (ADDM) in D15 group was significantly lower than that in D0 group (P < 0.05); the apparent digestibility of crude protein (ADCP) in D5 group was significantly lower than that in other groups (P < 0.05). The activities of amylase, lipase and trypsin in hepatopancreas were firstly increased and then decreased, and the highest values were found in D8, D5 and D2 groups, respectively. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), lysozyme (LYZ) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in hepatopancreas were observed a tendency of decrease with FSBM supplemental level increasing. Hepatopancreas aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity in D5, D8 and D15 groups was significantly lower than that in D0 group (P < 0.05), while hepatopancreas alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity in D2 group was significantly lower than that in other groups (P < 0.05). Results of experiment 2 showed that SR, PER and FCR were significant differences in all groups (P < 0.05), and highest values were found in DF group. The whole body crude protein content in DC and DF groups was significantly higher than that in D0 group (P < 0.05); the whole body crude lipid content in DF group was significantly lower than that in DC and D0 groups (P < 0.05); the hepatosomatic index in DC group was significantly higher than that in DF and D0 groups (P < 0.05). ADDM and ADCP had the lowest values in DF group, which were significantly lower than those in D0 and DC groups (P < 0.05). The activities of amylase and lipase in hepatopancreas were showed that DC group>DF group>D0 group, and significant differences were found among all groups (P < 0.05); the activity of trypsin in hepatopancreas DC group was significantly lower than that in D0 group (P < 0.05). The hepatopancreas SOD activity in DC group was significantly lower than that in DF group (P < 0.05), and the hepatopancreas LYZ activity in DC group was significantly lower than that in D0 group (P < 0.05), while the activities of hepatopancreas AKP, AST and ALT in DC group were significantly higher than those in D0 and DF groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, soybean allergic proteins (glycinin and β-coglycinin) affect growth, digestion and non-specific immune of L. vannamei. Decreasing of allergic proteins content in diets has beneficial effects for FM and SBM in diets are replaced by FSBM. In present experiment, suggesting that FM and SBM are replaced by no more than 15% of FSBM is feasible in the formulation of L. vannamei diet.

Cite this article

CHEN Xiaoming , HUA Xueming , ZHU Weixing , HE Yading , SHUI Chun , WU Zhao , CHEN Qingqing , KONG Chun . Effects of Soybean Allergic Proteins on Growth, Digestion and Non-Specific Immune of Litopenaeus vannamei[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2015 , 27(7) : 2115 -2127 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2015.07.017

References

[1] D'ABRAMO L R,CONKLIN D E,AKIYAMA D M.Crustacean nutrition[M].World Aquaculture Society,1997:77.

[2] DAVIS D A,ARNOLD C R.Replacement of fish meal in practical diets for the Pacific white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei[J].Aquaculture,2000,185(3/4):291-298.

[3] AMAYA E A,DAVIS D A,ROUSE D B.Replacement of fish meal in practical diets for the Pacific white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei,reared under pond conditions[J].Aquaculture,2007,262(2/3/4):393-401.

[4] MORALES G A,DE RODRIGAÑEZ M S,MÁRQUEZ L,et al.Solubilisation of protein fractions induced by Escherichia coli phytase and its effects on in vitro fish digestion of plant proteins[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2013,181(1/2/3/4):54-64.

[5] CROMWELL D G.Soybean meal:an exceptional protein source[EB/OL].[2015-01-29]http://www.soymeal.org/ReviewPapers/SBMExceptionalProteinSource.pdf.

[6] RICHARD L,SURGET A,RIGOLET V,et al.Availability of essential amino acids,nutrient utilisation and growth in juvenile black tiger shrimp,Penaeus monodon,following fishmeal replacement by plant protein[J].Aquaculture,2011,322-323:109-116.

[7] CUMMINS V C,WEBSTER C D,THOMPSON K R,et al.Replacement of fish meal with soybean meal,alone or in combination with distiller's dried grains with solubles in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei,grown in a clear-water culture system[J].Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,2013,44(6):775-785.  

[8] ZHU X Z,DAVIS D A,ROY L A,et al.Response of Pacific white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei,to three sources of solvent extracted soybean meal[J].Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,2013,44(3):396-404.  

[9] ALVAREZ J S,HERNÁNDEZ-LLAMAS A,GALINDO J,et al.Substitution of fishmeal with soybean meal in practical diets for juvenile white shrimp Litopenaeus schmitti[J].Aquaculture Research,2007,38(7):689-695.  

[10] YUE Y R,LIU Y J,TIAN L X,et al.Effects of replacing fish meal with soybean meal and peanut meal on growth,feed utilization and haemolymph indexes for juvenile white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei,Boone[J].Aquaculture Research,2012,43(11):1687-1696.  

[11] SOOKYING D,DAVIS D A.Pond production of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) fed high levels of soybean meal in various combinations[J].Aquaculture,2011,319(1/2):141-149.

[12] SOOKYING D,SILVA F S D,DAVIS D A,et al.Effects of stocking density on the performance of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei cultured under pond and outdoor tank conditions using a high soybean meal diet[J].Aquaculture,2011,319(1/2):232-239.

[13] FUERTES J B,CELADA J D,CARRAL J M,et al.Effects of dietary protein and different levels of replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in practical diets for juvenile crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus,Astacidae) from the onset of exogenous feeding[J].Aquaculture,2012,364/365:338-344.

[14] MCDONALD P,EDWARDS R A,GREENHALGH J E D,et al.Animal nutrition[M].6th ed.Gosport:Pearson Education Ltd.,2002:89.

[15] SUN P,LI D F,DONG B,et al.Effects of soybean glycinin on performance and immune function in early weaned pigs[J].Archives of Animal Nutrition,2008,62(4):313-321.  

[16] CHEN F,HAO Y,PIAO X S,et al.Soybean-derived β-conglycinin affects proteome expression in pig intestinal cells in vivo and in vitro[J].Journal of Animal Science,2011,89(3):743-753.  

[17] GUO P F,PIAO X S,OU D Y,et al.Characterization of the antigenic specificity of soybean protein β-conglycinin and its effects on growth and immune function in rats[J].Archives of Animal Nutrition,2007,61(3):189-200.  

[18] 吴莉芳,吴亚男,周敏,等.大豆抗原蛋白对草鱼肌肉营养成分的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2010,32(2):214-217,220.

[19] 吴莉芳,王洪鹤,张东鸣,等.饲料中大豆蛋白对草鱼生长及饲料利用的影响[J].华南农业大学学报,2009,30(2):78-81.

[20] 吴莉芳,秦贵信,张东鸣,等.饲料大豆蛋白对鲤鱼生长及肌肉营养成分的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2008,36(10):67-73,80.

[21] 吴莉芳,邹瑞兴,王申,等.大豆主要抗原蛋白对埃及胡子鲇肌肉营养成分的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2009,31(6):741-745.

[22] HIRABAYASHI M,MATSUI T,YANO H.Fermentation of soybean meal with Aspergillus usamii improves zinc availability in rats[J].Biological Trace Element Research,1998,61(2):227-234.  

[23] HAJEN W E,BEAMES R M,HIGGS D A,et al.Digestibility of various feedstuffs by post-juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in sea water.1.Validation of technique[J].Aquaculture,1993,112(4):321-332.  

[24] EGOUNLETY M,AWORH O C.Effect of soaking,dehulling,cooking and fermentation with Rhizopus oligosporus on the oligosaccharides,trypsin inhibitor,phytic acid and tannins of soybean (Glycine max Merr.),cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.Walp) and groundbean (Macrotyloma geocarpa Harms)[J].Journal of Food Engineering,2003,56(2/3):249-254.

[25] LIN H Z,CHEN X,CHEN S S,et al.Replacement of fish meal with fermented soybean meal in practical diets for pompano Trachinotus ovatus[J].Aquaculture Research,2012,44(1):151-156.  

[26] FENG J,LIU X,XU Z R,et al.The effect of Aspergillus oryzae fermented soybean meal on growth performance,digestibility of dietary components and activities of intestinal enzymes in weaned piglets[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2007,134(3/4):295-303.

[27] YAMAMOTO T,IWASHIT Y,MATSUNARI H,et al.Influence of fermentation conditions for soybean meal in a non-fish meal diet on the growth performance and physiological condition of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss[J].Aquaculture,2010,309(1/2/3/4):173-180.

[28] WOLFSWINKEL T L.The effects of feeding fermented soybean meal in calf starter on growth and performance of dairy calves[D].Master Thesis.Ames Iowa:Iowa State University,2009:86-89.

[29] GALIL B S,CLARK P F,CARLTON J T.In the wrong place-alien marine crustaceans:distribution,biology and impacts[M].London:Springer,2011:490.

[30] ZHANG M L,SUN Y H,CHEN K,et al.Characterization of the intestinal microbiota in Pacific white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei,fed diets with different lipid sources[J].Aquaculture,2014,434:449-455.

[31] 冷向军,王文龙,李小勤.发酵豆粕部分替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2007(3):40-41.

[32] 李贵生,徐金龙.发酵豆粕与发酵杂粕代替部分鱼粉饲养凡纳滨对虾的比较[J].暨南大学学报:自然科学版,2011,33(3):311-315.

[33] 杨耐德,符广才.凡纳滨对虾饲料中发酵豆粕替代鱼粉的研究[J].饲料工业,2008,29(10):24-26.

[34] NRC.Nutrient requirements of fish and shrimp[S].Washington,D.C.:National Academies Press,2011.

[35] MERRILL A L,WATT B K.Energy value of foods:basis and derivation[M].Washington,D.C.:United States Department of Agriculture Handbook,1973,74:2.

[36] MACIAS-SANCHO J,POERSCH L H,BAUER W,et al.Fishmeal substitution with Arthrospira (Spirulina platensis) in a practical diet for Litopenaeus vannamei:effects on growth and immunological parameters[J].Aquaculture,2014,426-427:120-125.

[37] BAUER W,PRENTICE-HERNANDEZ C,TESSER M B,et al.Substitution of fishmeal with microbial floc meal and soy protein concentrate in diets for the pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei[J].Aquaculture,2012,342-343:112-116.

[38] GRANT G.Anti-nutritional effects of soyabean:a review[J].Progress in Food and Nutrition Science,1989,13(3/4):317-348.

[39] SHIU Y L,WONG S L,GUEI W C,et al.Increase in the plant protein ratio in the diet of white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone),using Bacillus subtilis E20-fermented soybean meal as a replacement[J].Aquaculture Research,2015,46(2):382-394.  

[40] 宋文新.黑鲷幼鱼饲料中发酵豆粕部分替代鱼粉的研究[D].硕士学位论文.杭州:浙江大学,2011:31-33.

[41] BUDDINGTON R K,KROGDAHL A,BAKKE-MCKELLEP A M.The intestines of carnivorous fish:structure and functions and the relations with diet[J].Acta Physiologica Scandinavica Supplementum,1997,638:67-80.

[42] 王重刚,陈品健,顾勇,等.不同饵料对真鲷稚鱼消化酶活性的影响[J].海洋学报,1998,20(4):103-106.

[43] LEE Y S,SÖDERHÄLL K.Early events in crustacean innate immunity[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology,2002,12(5):421-437.  

[44] HIKIMA S,HIKIMA J,ROJTINNAKORN J,et al.Characterization and function of kuruma shrimp lysozyme possessing lytic activity against Vibrio species[J].Gene,2003,316:187-195.

[45] KUNLAYA S,PREMRUETHAI S,VICHIEN R,et al.Differentially expressed genes in hemocytes of Vibrio harveyi-challenged shrimp Penaeus monodon[J].Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,2006,39(1):26-36.  

[46] GIANNINI E G,TESTA R,SAVARINO V.Liver enzyme alteration:a guide for clinicians[J].Canadian Medical Association Journal,2005,172(3):367-379.  

[47] CHAPLIN A E,HUGGINS A K,MUNDAY K A.The distribution of L-α-aminotransferases in Carcinus maenas[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,1967,20(1):195-198.  

[48] DENG S X,TIAN L X,LIU F J,et al.Toxic effects and residue of aflatoxin B1 in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus×O.aureus) during long-term dietary exposure[J].Aquaculture,2010,307(3/4):233-240.

[49] 张加润,林黑着,黄忠,等.饲料中用混合植物蛋白并添加氨基酸替代鱼粉对斑节对虾生长及免疫力的影响[J].南方水产科学,2013,9(5):44-50.
Outlines

/