[1] NICHOLS J R,SCHINGOETHE D J,MAIGA H A,et al.Evaluation of corn distillers grains and ruminally protected lysine and methionine for lactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1998,81(2):482-491.

[2] THIVIERGE M C,PETITCLERC D,BERNIER J F,et al.Variations in mammary protein metabolism during the natural filling of the udder with milk over a 12-h period between two milkings:leucine kinetics[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2002,85(11):2974-2985.

[3] HAQUE M N,GUINARD-FLAMENT J,LAMBERTON P,et al.Changes in mammary metabolism in response to the provision of an ideal amino acid profile at 2 levels of metabolizable protein supply in dairy cows:consequences on efficiency[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2015,98(6):3951-3968.

[4] SCIASCIA Q L,PACHECO D,MCCOARD S A.Administration of exogenous growth hormone is associated with changes in plasma and intracellular mammary amino acid profiles and abundance of the mammary gland amino acid transporter SLC3A2 in mid-lactation dairy cows[J].PLoS One,2015,10(7):e0134323.
[5] FUJII K,ZHANG H L,USUDA K,et al.Lactogenic hormone stimulation and epigenetic control of
L-amino acid oxidase expression in lactating mammary glands[J].Journal of Cellular Physiology,2015,230(11):2755-2762.

[6] MANJARIN R,BEQUETTE B J,WU G Y,et al.Linking our understanding of mammary gland metabolism to amino acid nutrition[J].Amino Acids,2014,46(11):2447-2462.

[7] WEEKES T L,LUIMES P H,CANT J P.Responses to amino acid imbalances and deficiencies in lactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2006,89(6):2177-2187.

[8] JIANG N,HU L J,LIU C N,et al.60S ribosomal protein L35 regulates β-casein translational elongation and secretion in bovine mammary epithelial cells[J].Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics,2015,583:130-139.
[9] LAPIERRE H,HOLTROP G,CALDER A G,et al.Is
D-methionine bioavailable to the dairy cow?[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2012,95(1):353-362.

[10] LEE C,Hristov A N,CASSIDY T W,et al.Rumen-protected lysine,methionine,and histidine increase milk protein yield in dairy cows fed a metabolizable protein-deficient diet[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2012,95(10):6042-6056.

[11] NAN X M,BU D P,LI X Y,et al.Ratio of lysine to methionine alters expression of genes involved in milk protein transcription and translation and mTOR phosphorylation in bovine mammary cells[J].Physiological Genomics,2014,46(7):268-275.

[12] LAPIERRE H,DOEPEL L,MILNE E,et al.Responses in mammary and splanchnic metabolism to altered lysine supply in dairy cows[J].Animal,2009,3(3):360-371.

[13] DOEPEL L,LAPIERRE H.Deletion of arginine from an abomasal infusion of amino acids does not decrease milk protein yield in Holstein cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(2):864-873.

[14] BEQUETTE B J,DOUGLASS L W.The frequency of unilateral milking alters leucine metabolism and amino acid removal by the mammary gland of lactating goats[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93(1):162-169.

[15] CANTALAPIEDRA-HIJAR G,ORTIGUES-MARTY I,LEMOSQUET S.Diets rich in starch improve the efficiency of amino acids use by the mammary gland in lactating Jersey cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2015,98(10):6939-6953.

[16] LEI J,FENG D Y,ZHANG Y L,et al.Nutritional and regulatory role of branched-chain amino acids in lactation[J].Frontiers in Bioscience:Landmark Edition,2012,17:2725-2739.
[17] GUAN X,BEQUETTE B J,CALDER G,et al.Amino acid availability affects amino acid flux and protein metabolism in the porcine mammary gland[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2002,132(6):1224-1234.
[18] SUN H Z,WANG D M,WANG B,et al.Metabolomics of four biofluids from dairy cows:potential biomarkers for milk production and quality[J].Journal of Proteome Research,2015,14(2):1287-1298.

[19] WU G Y.Amino acids:metabolism,functions,and nutrition[J].Amino Acids,2009,37(1):1-17.

[20] BIONAZ M,LOOR J J.Gene networks driving bovine mammary protein synthesis during the lactation cycle[J].Bioinformatics and Biology Insights,2011,5:83-98.
[21] TSALIKIS J,CROITORU D O,PHILPOTT D J,et al.Nutrient sensing and metabolic stress pathways in innate immunity[J].Cellular Microbiology,2013,15(10):1632-1641.
[22] APELO S I A,KNAPP J R,HANIGAN M D.Invited review:current representation and future trends of predicting amino acid utilization in the lactating dairy cow[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2014,97(7):4000-4017.

[23] APPUHAMY J A D R N,NAYANANJALIE W A,ENGLAND E M,et al.Effects of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling and essential amino acids on mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and protein synthesis rates in mammary cells[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2014,97(1):419-429.

[24] GUO F F,CAVENER D R.The GCN2 eIF2α kinase regulates fatty-acid homeostasis in the liver during deprivation of an essential amino acid[J].Cell Metabolism,2007,5(2):103-114.

[25] APELO S I A,NAYANANJALIE W A D,APPUHAMY J A D R N,et al.mTOR independent model of protein synthesis regulation by essential amino acids in mammary epithelial cells[M]//CROVETTO M G.Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition.Wageningen,the Netherlands:Wageningen Academic Publishers,2010:247.
[26] DOELMAN J,KIM J J,CARSON M,et al.Branched-chain amino acid and lysine deficiencies exert different effects on mammary translational regulation[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2015,98(11):7846-7855.

[27] MAHMOUDI A,ZARGARAN A,AMINI H R,et al.A SNP in the 3'-untranslated region of AMPKγ1 may associate with serum ketone body and milk production of Holstein dairy cows[J].Gene,2015,574(1):48-52.

[28] PARK S H,GAMMON S R,KNIPPERS J D,et al.Phosphorylation-activity relationships of AMPK and acetyl-CoA carboxylase in muscle[J].Journal of Applied Physiology,2002,92(6):2475-2482.

[29] HARDIE D G,ROSS F A,HAWLEY S A.AMPK:a nutrient and energy sensor that maintains energy homeostasis[J].Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology,2012,13(4):251-262.

[30] BURGOS S A,DAI M,CANT J P.Nutrient availability and lactogenic hormones regulate mammary protein synthesis through the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93(1):153-161.

[31] CHAUDHARI N,ROPER S D.The cell biology of taste[J].The Journal of Cell Biology,2010,190(3),285-296.
[32] LIU X F,LI M,LI Q Z,et al.Stat5a increases lactation of dairy cow mammary gland epithelial cells cultured
in vitro[J].
In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology:Animal,2012,48(9):554-561.

[33] WANG L N,LIN Y,BIAN Y J,et al.Leucyl-tRNA synthetase regulates lactation and cell proliferation via mTOR signaling in dairy cow mammary epithelial cells[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2014,15(4):5952-5969.

[34] LU L M,LI Q Z,HUANG J G,et al.Proteomic and functional analyses reveal MAPK1 regulates milk protein synthesis[J].Molecules,2013,18(1):263-275.
[35] 杨建香.奶牛乳腺蛋氨酸二肽的摄取及其影响乳蛋白合成的机制研究[D].硕士学位论文.杭州:浙江大学,2014:125-133.
[36] HAY N,SONENBERG N.Upstream and downstream of mTOR[J].Genes & Development,2004,18(16):1926-1945.

[37] WANG M Z,XU B L,WANG H R,et al.Effects of arginine concentration on the
in vitro expression of casein and mTOR pathway related genes in mammary epithelial cells from dairy cattle[J].PLoS One,2014,9(5):e95985.
[38] GAO H N,HU H,ZHENG N,et al.Leucine and histidine independently regulate milk protein synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells via mTOR signaling pathway[J].Journal of Zhejiang University Science B,2015,16(6):560-572.
[39] ARRIOLA A S I,SINGER L M,LIN X Y,et al.Isoleucine,leucine,methionine,and threonine effects on mammalian target of rapamycin signaling in mammary tissue[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2014,97(2):1047-1056.

[40] REBSAMEN M,POCHINI L,STASYK T,et al.SLC38A9 is a component of the lysosomal amino acid sensing machinery that controls mTORC1[J].Nature,2015,519(7544):477-481.

[41] JEWELL J L,KIM Y C,RUSSELL R C,et al.Differential regulation of mTORC1 by leucine and glutamine[J].Science,2015,347(6218):194-198.

[42] APPUHAMY J A D R N,Bell A L,NAYANANJALIE W A D,et al.Essential amino acids regulate both initiation and elongation of mRNA translation independent of insulin in MAC-T cells and bovine mammary tissue slices[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2011,141(6):1209-1215.

[43] RIUS A G,APPUHAMY J A D R N,CYRIAC J,et al.Regulation of protein synthesis in mammary glands of lactating dairy cows by starch and amino acids[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93(7):3114-3127.

[44] YANG J X,WANG C H,XU Q B,et al.Methionyl-methionine promotes α-s1 casein synthesis in bovine mammary gland explants by enhancing intracellular substrate availability and activating JAK2-STAT5 and mTOR-mediated signaling pathways[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2015,145(8):1748-1753.