Effects of Dietary Chromium Source and Supplemental Level on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indices and Non-Specific Immune Enzyme Activities of Juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei

CAI Hairui, TAN Beiping, YANG Qihui, DONG Xiaohui, CHI Shuyan, LIU Hongyu, ZHANG Shuang

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2016.03.017

2016 , Vol. 28 >Issue 3: 766 - 779

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2016.03.017

Aquaculture Nutrition

Effects of Dietary Chromium Source and Supplemental Level on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indices and Non-Specific Immune Enzyme Activities of Juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei

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Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China

Received date: 2015-10-15

Online published: 2016-03-14

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Abstract

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary chromium source and supplemental level on growth performance, serum biochemical indices and non-specific immune enzyme activities of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei, and to find the optimal supplemental levels of three chromium in the diets. Sixteen isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated by using two-factor experimental design with three chromium sources [chromium trichloride (CrCl₃), chromium picolinate (Cr-Pic) and chromium methionine (Cr-Met), respectively] and six chromium supplemental levels (0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2 and 2.0 mg/kg, respectively). A total of 1 920 juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei with an initial body weight of (0.897±0.001) g were randomly distributed into 16 groups with 3 replicates per group and 40 shrimps per replicate. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. The results showed that final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), feed conversion rate (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of shrimps were significantly affected by chromium source, supplemental level and the interaction of chromium source and supplemental level, respectively (P<0.05). The FBW and WGR in groups supplemented with 0.3 to 2.0 mg/kg chromium were significantly higher than those in the group without chromium (P<0.05), and the Cr-Met group supplemented with 0.9 mg/kg chromium had the highest FBW and WGR. The groups of CrCl₃ and Cr-Pic supplemented with 0.9 mg/kg chromium had the lowest FCR, but showed no significant differences compared with 1.2 mg/kg group (P>0.05). The highest PER of three chromium sources were founded in the groups supplemented with 0.9 mg/kg chromium, but showed no significant differences compared with the groups supplemented with 1.2 mg/kg chromium (P>0.05). Chromium source, supplemental level and the interaction of chromium source and supplemental level had significant effects on the crude lipid and crude ash contents in whole body (P<0.05), but had no significant effects on the moisture and crude protein contents in whole body (P>0.05). Serum total protein (TP), glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride contents were significantly affected by chromium source, supplemental level and the interaction of chromium source and supplemental level, respectively (P<0.05). The highest TP content and lowest glucose content in serum were found in the Cr-Met group supplemented with 0.9 mg/kg chromium. The activities of phenoloxidase (PO), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), acid phosphatase (ACP) and the total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) in serum were significantly affected by chromium source, supplemental level and the interaction of chromium source and supplemental level, respectively (P<0.05). The highest serum PO and T-SOD activities were found in the Cr-Met group supplemented with 0.9 mg/kg chromium. With the WGR as an evaluation index and the CrCl₃, Cr-Pic and Cr-Met as chromium sources, broken-line model shows that the optimal supplemental levels of chromium in juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei diets are 1.33, 1.27 and 1.04 mg/kg, respectively. By comparing, the Cr-Met has the highest relative bioavailability, followed by Cr-Pic, and the lowest is CrCl₃.

Key words： Litopenaeus vannamei; chromium; growth performance; serum biochemical indices; non-specific immune enzyme activities

Cite this article

CAI Hairui, TAN Beiping, YANG Qihui, DONG Xiaohui, CHI Shuyan, LIU Hongyu, ZHANG Shuang . Effects of Dietary Chromium Source and Supplemental Level on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indices and Non-Specific Immune Enzyme Activities of Juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2016 , 28(3) : 766 -779 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2016.03.017

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