[1] RAETZ C R H,WHITFIELD C.Lipopolysaccharide endotoxins[J].Annual Review of Biochemistry,2002,71:635-700.
[2] HANCOCK R E,SCOTT M G.The role of antimicrobial peptides in animal defenses[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2000,97(16):8856-8861.

[3] ROSENFELD Y,SHAI Y.Lipopolysaccharide (Endotoxin)-host defense antibacterial peptides interactions:role in bacterial resistance and prevention of sepsis[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA):Biomembranes,2006,1758(9):1513-1522.

[4] RAJANBABU V,CHEN J Y.Antiviral function of tilapia hepcidin 1-5 and its modulation of immune-related gene expressions against infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) in Chinook salmon embryo (CHSE)-214 cells[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology,2011,30(1):39-44.

[5] ARNETT E,LEHRER R I,PRATIKHYA P,et al.Defensins enable macrophages to inhibit the intracellular proliferation of
Listeria monocytogenes[J].Cellular Microbiology,2011,13(4):635-651.

[6] BROWN K L,POON G F,BIRKENHEAD D,et al.Host defense peptide LL-37 selectively reduces proinflammatory macrophage responses[J].The Journal of Immunology,2011,186(9):5497-5505.

[7] CHANDRA A,SRIVASTAVA R K,KASHYAP M P,et al.The anti-inflammatory and antibacterial basis of human omental defense:selective expression of cytokines and antimicrobial peptides[J].PLoS One,2011,6(5):e20446.
[8] MANGONI M L,EPAND R F,ROSENFELD Y,et al.Lipopolysaccharide,a key molecule involved in the synergism between temporins in inhibiting bacterial growth and in endotoxin neutralization[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,2008,283(34):22907-22917.

[9] CAROFF M,KARIBIAN D,CAVAILLON J M,et al.Structural and functional analyses of bacterial lipopolysaccharides[J].Microbes and Infection,2002,4(9):915-926.

[10] COHEN J.The immunopathogenesis of sepsis[J].Nature,2002,420(6917):885-891.

[11] BERNARDINO A L F,MYERS T A,ALVAREZ X,et al.Toll-like receptors:insights into their possible role in the pathogenesis of lyme neuroborreliosis[J].Infection and Immunity,2008,76(10):4385-4395.

[12] ZWEIGNER J,SCHUMANN R R,WEBER J R.The role of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein in modulating the innate immune response[J].Microbes and Infection,2006,8(3):946-952.

[13] KAYAGAKI N,WONG M T,STOWE I B,et al.Noncanonical inflammasome activation by intracellular LPS independent of TLR4[J].Science,2013,341(6151):1246-1249.

[14] KAWAI T,AKIRA S.The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity:update on Toll-like receptors[J].Nature Immunology,2010,11(5):373-384.

[15] 盛金良,陈创夫,杨霞,等.绵羊Toll样受体家庭在肺泡巨噬细胞的分布及脂多糖(LPS)刺激对TLR2、TLR4表达的影响[J].华北农学报,2010,25(1):30-35.
[16] SUN Y,SHANG D.Inhibitory effects of antimicrobial peptides on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation[J].Mediators of Inflammation,2014,2015:167572.
[17] WANG D H,XU N N,ZHANG Z B,et al.Sophocarpine displays anti-inflammatory effect via inhibiting TLR4 and TLR4 downstream pathways on LPS-induced mastitis in the mammary gland of mice[J].International Immunopharmacology,2016,35:111-118.
[18] CARNEIRO D M V F,DOMINGUES P F,VAZ A K.Innate immunity of the bovine mammary gland:response to infection[J].Ciência Rural,2009,39(6):1934-1943.

[19] LI D P,FU Y H,ZHANG W,et al.Salidroside attenuates inflammatory responses by suppressing nuclear factor-κB and mitogen activated protein kinases activation in lipopolysaccharide-induced mastitis in mice[J].Inflammation Research,2013,62(1):9-15.

[20] KARAPETYAN A V,KLYACHKIN Y M,SELIM S,et al.Bioactive lipids and cationic antimicrobial peptides as new potential regulators for trafficking of bone marrow-derived stem cells in patients with acute myocardial infarction[J].Stem Cells and Development,2013,22(11):1645-1656.

[21] SCOTT M G,DULLAGHAN E,MOOKHERJEE N,et al.An anti-infective peptide that selectively modulates the innate immune response[J].Nature Biotechnology,2007,25(4):465-472.

[22] LEE H Y,BAE Y S.The anti-infective peptide,innate defense-regulator peptide,stimulates neutrophil chemotaxis via a formyl peptide receptor[J].Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,2008,369(2):573-578.

[23] HEINBOCKEL L,PALACIOS-CHAVES L,ALEXANDER C,et al.Mechanism of Hbγ-35-induced an increase in the activation of the human immune system by endotoxins[J].Innate Immunity,2015,21(3):305-313.

[24] KACONIS Y,KOWALSKI I,HOWE J,et al.Biophysical mechanisms of endotoxin neutralization by cationic amphiphilic peptides[J].Biophysical Journal,2011,100(11):2652-2661.

[25] CHEN C Z,OU C Y,WANG R H,et al.The role of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein in men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J].Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease,2012,9(2):197-202.

[26] HILPERT K,ELLIOTT M R,VOLKMER-ENGERT R,et al.Sequence requirements and an optimization strategy for short antimicrobial peptides[J].Chemistry & Biology,2006,13(10):1101-1107.

[27] NAN Y H,BANG J K,JACOB B,et al.Prokaryotic selectivity and LPS-neutralizing activity of short antimicrobial peptides designed from the human antimicrobial peptide LL-37[J].Peptides,2012,35(2):239-247.

[28] SINGH S,KASETTY G,SCHMIDTCHEN A,et al.Membrane and lipopolysaccharide interactions of C-terminal peptides from S1 peptidases[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta:Biomembranes,2012,1818(9):2244-2251.

[29] ANDRÄ J,KOCH M H J,BARTELS R,et al.Biophysical characterization of endotoxin inactivation by NK-2,an antimicrobial peptide derived from mammalian NK-lysin[J].Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy,2004,48(5):1593-1599.

[30] LEE E K,KIM Y C,NAN Y H,et al.Cell selectivity,mechanism of action and LPS-neutralizing activity of bovine myeloid antimicrobial peptide-18(BMAP-18) and its analogs[J].Peptides,2011,32(6):1123-1130.

[31] MOOKHERJEE N,HANCOCK R E W.Cationic host defence peptides:innate immune regulatory peptides as a novel approach for treating infections[J].Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences,2007,64(7/8):922-933.
[32] FANG L,XU Z,WANG G S,et al.Directed evolution of an LBP/CD14 inhibitory peptide and its anti-endotoxin activity[J].2014,9(7):e101406.
[33] NAGAOKA I,HIROTA S,NIYONSABA F,et al.Cathelicidin family of antibacterial peptides CAP18 and CAP11 inhibit the expression of TNF-α by blocking the binding of LPS to CD14
+ cells[J].The Journal of Immunology,2001,167(6):3329-3338.

[34] SUZUKI K,MURAKAMI T,KUWAHARA-ARAI K,et al.Human anti-microbial cathelicidin peptide LL-37 suppresses the LPS-induced apoptosis of endothelial cells[J].International Immunology,2011,23(3):185-193.

[35] BABOLEWSKA E,BRZEZINSKA-B?ASZCZYKE E.Human-derived cathelicidin LL-37 directly activates mast cells to proinflammatory mediator synthesis and migratory response[J].Cellular Immunology,2015,293(2):67-73.

[36] LIU Y,NI B,REN J D,et al.Cyclic Limulus anti-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) factor-derived peptide CLP-19 antagonizes LPS function by blocking binding to LPS binding protein[J].Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin,2011,34(11):1678-1683.

[37] MONISHA G S.Comparison of structurally related peptides in their antimicrobial and anti-endotoxic activity[D].Master Thesis.Vancouver:University of British Columbia,1998.
[38] HU Z S,MURAKAMI T,SUZUKI K,et al.Antimicrobial cathelicidin peptide LL-37 inhibits the LPS/ATP-induced pyroptosis of macrophages by dual mechanism[J].PLoS One,2014,9(1):e85765.
[39] SWANGCHAN-UTHAI T,LAVENDER C R M,CHENG Z R,et al.Time course of defense mechanisms in bovine endometrium in response to lipopolysaccharide[J].Biology of Reproduction,2012,87(6):135.
[40] KIM H,JANG J H,KIM S C,et al.Enhancement of the antimicrobial activity and selectivity of GNU7 against gram-negative bacteria by fusion with LPS-targeting peptide[J].Peptides,2016,82:60-66.
[41] SCHMIDTCHEN A,MALMSTEN M.(Lipo)polysaccharide interactions of antimicrobial peptides[J].Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2015,449:136-142.
[42] LI H,WANG Y Y,ZHANG H Q,et al.Yohimbine enhances protection of berberine against LPS-induced mouse lethality through multiple mechanisms[J].PLoS One,2012,7(12):e52863.
[43] MICHALOPOULOS A,FALAGAS M E.Colistin and polymyxin B in critical care[J].Critical Care Clinics,2008,24(2):377-391.

[44] ALBADA H B,PROCHNOW P,BOBERSKY S,et al.Short antibacterial peptides with signific