The aim of this study was conducted to investigate the effects of Bacillus subtilis 048 (BS048) on the anti-Salmonella enteritis (SE) infection ability of Xueshan chickens. Two hundred and fourty 1-day-old SE-negative Xueshan cocks with similar weight of (61.5±0.5) g were randomly divided into four groups with 3 replicates per group and 20 chickens per replicate. Chickens in the control group and control infected group were fed a basal diet, and the others in the BS group and BS infected group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.1% (mass fraction) BS048. The experiment lasted for 14 days. The control infected group and BS infected group were infected with 1×10⁸ CFU SE per cock each day for 3 days when they were 5-day-old, and to observe the effects of the BS048 on the SE amount in cecal mucosa, liver and kidney, serum immunoglobulin (Ig) and ileal secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) contents, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC) and malonaldehyde (MDA)content in jejunum mucosa of normal and SE infected Xueshan chickens. The results showed as follows:1) compared with the control group, BS group significantly increased the ileal sIgA content of Xueshan chickens at 8, 10 and 14 days of age (P<0.05), and significantly increased the activity of ALP in jejunum mucosa at 10 and 14 days of age (P<0.05), and significantly increased the T-AOC and activity of T-SOD and GSH-Px in jejunum mucosa at 10 and 14 days of age (P<0.01), while significantly decreased the jejunum mucosa MDA content at 10 and 14 days of age (P<0.05). 2) Compared with the control infected group, BS infected group significantly reduced the SE amount in cecal mucosa, liver and kidney of SE infected Xueshan chickens (P<0.01), significantly increased the contents of IgA, IgG and IgM in saerum at 10 and 14 days of age and sIgA in ileum at 8, 10 and 14 days of age (P<0.05), significantly increased the jejunum mucosa ALP activity at 8, 10 and 14 days of age (P<0.05), significantly decreased the jejunum mucosa MPO activity at 8, 10 and 14 days of age (P<0.01), significantly increased the T-AOC and activity of T-SOD and GSH-Px in jejunum mucosa at 8, 10 and 14 days of age (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), while significantly decreased the jejunum mucosa MDA content at 8, 10 and 14 days of age (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). It is concluded that S048 can enhance the anti-SE infection ability of Xueshan chickens.