Molecular Nutrition

Effects of Dietary Protein and Lipid Levels on Growth Performance, Digestive Enzyme Activities and Serum Indices of Salmo trutta fario Broodstock

Expand
  • Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China

Received date: 2016-08-02

  Online published: 2017-02-17

Abstract

This study was conducted to estimate the effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth performance, gonad index, digestive enzyme activities and serum indices of Salmo trutta fario broodstock. Ten kinds of practical experimental diets were formulated to contain five protein levels (36%, 39%, 42%, 45% and 48%) and two lipid levels (9% and 18%) using 5×2 two-factor randomized design, and each diet was randomly assigned 3 replicates of 19 bloodstocks. The Salmo trutta fario with the initial body weight of (462.53±45.40) g were cultured in the water flow-through system for 77 days. The results showed as follows:weight gain rate was increased with the increase of dietary protein level under the same lipid level, on the contrary, feed conversion ratio was gradually decreased, but was increased at the 48% dietary protein level. Dietary protein and lipid levels had no significant effect on the gonad index of female bloodstocks (P>0.05). The gonad index of male bloodstocks was decreased firstly with the increase of dietary protein level, and then was increased at the 48% dietary protein level. The lipase activity of stomach, intestine and pyloric caeca was gradually increased with the increase of dietary protein level under the same lipid level, and 48% dietary protein level was significantly higher than 36% dietary protein level (P<0.05), the protease activity of stomach, intestine and pyloric caeca was also increased, but no significant difference was observed among the groups (P>0.05). Under the same protein level, the protease and lipase activities of stomach, intestine and pyloric caeca in 18% lipid level groups were slightly higher than those in 9% lipid level groups. The serum ammonia content was gradually increased with the increase of dietary protein level under the same lipid level. Dietary protein and lipid levels had no significant effect on the activities of serum superoxide dismutase and lysozyme, and the contents of malonaldehyde, glucose, triglyceride, total protein, albumin (P>0.05). In conclusion, Salmo trutta fario broodstock can respond to dietary protein (36% to 48%) and lipid (9% to 18%) levels. With the weight gain rate as an index, the dietary protein requirement for Salmo trutta fario broodstock is 43.11% and 45.69% when the dietary lipid level is 9% and 18% base on the broken-line model analysis, respectively.

Cite this article

WANG Chang, HU Guo, SUN Peng, GU Wei, WANG Bingqian, XU Qiyou . Effects of Dietary Protein and Lipid Levels on Growth Performance, Digestive Enzyme Activities and Serum Indices of Salmo trutta fario Broodstock[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2017 , 29(2) : 571 -582 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2017.02.025

References

[1] IZQUIERDO M S,FERNÁNDEZ-PALACIOS H,TACON A G J.Effect of broodstock nutrition on reproductive performance of fish[J].Aquaculture,2001,197(1/2/3/4):25-42.

[2] 常青,梁萌青,薛华,等.亲鱼营养的研究进展[J].海洋水产研究,2002,23(2):65-71.

[3] 张春霖,王文滨.西藏鱼类初篇[J].动物学报,1962,14(4):529-536.

[4] VØLLESTAD L A,OLSEN E M,FORSETH T.Growth-rate variation in brown trout in small neighbouring streams:evidence for density-dependence?[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2002,61(6):1513-1527.  

[5] ASBJØRN VØLLESTAD L,MOLAND OLSEN E.Non-additive effects of density-dependent and density-independent factors on brown trout vital rates[J].Oikos,2008,117(11):1752-1760.  

[6] 蒲德永,王志坚,赵海鹏,等.亚东鲑消化系统的形态学和组织学观察[J].四川动物,2006,25(4):825-828.

[7] 豪富华,陈毅峰,蔡斌.西藏亚东鲑的胚胎发育[J].水产学报,2006,30(3):289-296.

[8] 豪富华,陈毅峰,唐卫星,等.亚东鲑的年龄与生长的研究[J].水生生物学报,2007,31(5):731-737.

[9] 孟玮,杨天燕,海萨,等.基于线粒体COI基因序列的亚东鲑DNA条形码研究[J].水产学杂志,2010,23(1):6-10.

[10] 桂远明.水产动物机能学实验[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2004:92-98.

[11] JIANG S T,WU X Y,LI W F,et al.Effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth,feed utilization,body and plasma biochemical compositions of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus×Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀) juveniles[J].Aquaculture,2015,446(1):148-155.

[12] ZHANG Y L,SONG L,LIU R P,et al.Effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth,body composition and flesh quality of juvenile topmouth culter,Culter alburnus Basilewsky[J].Aquaculture Research,2016,47(8):2633-2641.  

[13] SANTIAGO C B,CAMACHO A S,LARON M A.Growth and reproductive performance of bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) reared with or without feeding in floating cages[J].Aquaculture,1991,96(2):109-117.  

[14] DAGGETT T L,PEARCE C M,TINGLEY M,et al.Effect of prepared and macroalgal diets and seed stock source on somatic growth of juvenile green sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis)[J].Aquaculture,2005,244(1/2/3/4):263-281.

[15] 黎军胜,李建林,吴婷婷.饲料成分与环境温度对奥尼罗非鱼消化酶活性的影响[J].中国水产科学,2004,11(6):585-588.

[16] 孙翰昌,徐敬明,庞敏.饲料蛋白水平对瓦氏黄颡鱼消化酶活性的影响[J].水生态学杂志,2010,3(2):84-88.

[17] 蒋广震,刘文斌,王煜衡,等.饲料中蛋白脂肪比对斑点叉尾幼鱼生长、消化酶活性及肌肉成分的影响[J].水产学报,2010,34(7):1129-1135.

[18] 吕云云,陈四清,于朝磊,等.饲粮蛋白脂肪比对圆斑星鲽(Verasper variegates)生长、消化酶及血清生化指标的影响[J].渔业科学进展,2015,36(2):118-124.

[19] 柳阳,李勇,高婷婷,等.脂肪和蛋白质营养对封闭循环水养殖大西洋鲑生长和肌肉品质的效应[J].海洋科学,2013,37(6):47-59.

[20] LAZZARI R,RADVNZ NETO J,PEDRON F D A,et al.Protein sources and digestive enzyme activities in jundiá (Rhamdia quelen)[J].Scientia Agricola,2010,67(3):259-266.  

[21] HABTE-TSION H M,LIU B,GE X P,et al.Effects of dietary protein level on growth performance,muscle composition,blood composition,and digestive enzyme activity of Wuchang bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) fry[J].The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture,2013,65(3):925-933.

[22] DEBNATH D,PAL A K,SAHU N P,et al.Digestive enzymes and metabolic profile of Labeo rohita fingerlings fed diets with different crude protein levels[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B:Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,2007,146(1):107-114.  

[23] DE ALMEIDA L C,LUNDSTEDT L M,MORAES G.Digestive enzyme responses of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) fed on different levels of protein and lipid[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2006,12(6):443-450.  

[24] KAWAI S I,IKEDA S.Studies on digestive enzymes of fishes.3.Development of the digestive enzymes of rainbow-trout after hatching and the effect of dietary change on the activities of digestive enzymes in the juvenile stage[J].Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries,1973,39(7):819-823.  

[25] MOYANO F J,DÍAZ M,ALARCÓN F J,et al.Characterization of digestive enzyme activity during larval development of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,1996,15(2):121-130.  

[26] 岳彦峰,彭士明,施兆鸿,等.饲料脂肪水平对褐菖鲉生长,肠道消化酶及主要脂代谢酶活力的影响[J].南方水产科学,2012,8(6):50-56.

[27] GÓMEZ-REQUENI P,BEDOLLA-CÁZARES F,MONTECCHIA C,et al.Effects of increasing the dietary lipid levels on the growth performance,body composition and digestive enzyme activities of the teleost pejerrey (Odontesthes bonariensis)[J].Aquaculture,2013,416-417:15-22.

[28] 章龙珍,朱卫,王妤,等.饲料脂肪水平对点篮子鱼消化酶活性和血液主要生化指标的影响[J].海洋渔业,2014,36(2):170-176.

[29] 向枭,周兴华,陈建,等.饲料中脂肪含量对翘嘴红鲌幼鱼消化酶活性的影响[J].北京水产,2008(5):35-38.

[30] INFANTE J L Z,CAHU C L.High dietary lipid levels enhance digestive tract maturation and improve Dicentrarchus labrax larval development[J].The Journal of Nutrition,1999,129(6):1195-1200.

[31] ALIYU-PAIKO M,HASHIM R,SHU-CHIEN A C.Influence of dietary lipid/protein ratio on survival,growth,body indices and digestive lipase activity in Snakehead (Channa striatus,Bloch 1793) fry reared in re-circulating water system[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2010,16(5):466-474.  

[32] MA X,HU Y,WANG X Q,et al.Effects of practical dietary protein to lipid levels on growth,digestive enzyme activities and body composition of juvenile rice field eel (Monopterus albus)[J].Aquaculture International,2014,22(2):749-760.  

[33] 韩光明,王爱民,徐跑,等.饲料中脂肪水平对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼成活率、肌肉成分及消化酶活性的影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,2010,19(4):469-474.

[34] LEE H M,CHO K C,LEE J E,et al.Dietary protein requirement of juvenile giant croaker,Nibea japonica Temminck & Schlegel[J].Aquaculture Research,2001,32(Suppl.1):112-118.

[35] 汤保贵,陈刚,张健东,等.饵料系列对军曹鱼仔鱼生长、消化酶活力和体成分的影响[J].水生生物学报,2007,31(4):479-484.

[36] 王重刚,陈品健,顾勇,等.不同饵料对真鲷稚鱼消化酶活性的影响[J].海洋学报,1998,20(4):103-106.

[37] MORAIS S,CONCEIÇÃO L E C,RØNNESTAD I,et al.Dietary neutral lipid level and source in marine fish larvae:effects on digestive physiology and food intake[J].Aquaculture,2007,268(1/2/3/4):106-122.

[38] MOHANTA K N,MOHANTY S N,JENA J K,et al.Optimal dietary lipid level of silver barb,Puntius gonionotus fingerlings in relation to growth,nutrient retention and digestibility,muscle nucleic acid content and digestive enzyme activity[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2008,14(4):350-359.  

[39] 王爱民.饲料脂肪水平对吉富罗非鱼生长及脂肪代谢调节的研究[D].博士学位论文,南京:南京农业大学,2011.

[40] 王朝明.岩原鲤幼鱼蛋白需求和胭脂鱼幼鱼脂肪需求研究[D].硕士学位论文.重庆:西南大学,2011.

[41] 王吉桥,耿加振,姜玉声,等.饲料中脂肪含量对七彩神仙鱼幼鱼生长和消化的影响[J].水产学杂志,2009,22(1):24-30.

[42] FOUNTOULAKI E,ALEXIS M N,NENGAS I,et al.Effect of diet composition on nutrient digestibility and digestive enzyme levels of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.)[J].Aquaculture Research,2005,36(13):1243-1251.  

[43] 石桂城.脂肪对低温下吉富罗非鱼生化指标及脂肪酸组成的影响[D].硕士学位论文.湛江:广东海洋大学,2012.

[44] CHATZIFOTIS S,PANAGIOTIDOU M,PAPAIOANNOU N,et al.Effect of dietary lipid levels on growth,feed utilization,body composition and serum metabolites of meagre (Argyrosomus regius) juveniles[J].Aquaculture,2010,307(1/2):65-70.

[45] ZHOU M,WANG A L,XIAN J A.Variation of free amino acid and carbohydrate concentrations in white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei:effects of continuous cold stress[J].Aquaculture,2011,317(1/2/3/4):182-186.

[46] 程汉良,夏德全,吴婷婷.鱼类脂类代谢调控与脂肪肝[J].动物营养学报,2006,18(4):294-298.

[47] LI X F,JIANG Y Y,LIU W B,et al.Protein-sparing effect of dietary lipid in practical diets for blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) fingerlings:effects on digestive and metabolic responses[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,2012,38(2):529-541.  

[48] 高攀,蒋明,文华,等.不同蛋白能量比饲料对草鱼幼鱼消化酶活性的影响[J].淡水渔业,2009,39(6):54-58.

[49] 向枭,周兴华,陈建,等.饲料脂肪水平对白甲鱼幼鱼生长性能、体组成和血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(8):1805-1816.

[50] 林淑琴,成琳,张文兵,等.饲料蛋白质水平对大黄鱼体内蛋白质的沉积和代谢反应的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报,2014,44(5):32-39.

[51] MELO J F B,LUNDSTEDT L M,METÓN I,et al.Effects of dietary levels of protein on nitrogenous metabolism of Rhamdia quelen (Teleostei:Pimelodidae)[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Molecular & Integrative Physiology,2006,145(2):181-187.  

[52] YANG S D,LIOU C H,LIU F G.Effects of dietary protein level on growth performance,carcass composition and ammonia excretion in juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus)[J].Aquaculture,2002,213(1/2/3/4):363-372.

[53] KIRON V,WATANABE T,FUKUDA H,et al.Protein nutrition and defence mechanisms in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Physiology,1995,111(3):351-359.  

[54] LIN Y H,SHIAU S Y.Dietary lipid requirement of grouper,Epinephelus malabaricus,and effects on immune responses[J].Aquaculture,2003,225(1/2/3/4):243-250.

[55] 蒋湘辉,骆小年,金广海,等.不同蛋白质和脂肪水平饲料对拉氏幼鱼生长、体成分和免疫力的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(3):864-871.

[56] JIN Y,TIAN L X,ZENG S L,et al.Dietary lipid requirement on non-specific immune responses in juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology,2013,34(5):1202-1208.  

[57] 鹿璇,程镇燕,孙金辉,等.降低饲料中蛋白质水平对鲤鱼生长、肉质及免疫力的影响[J].饲料工业,2014,35(6):29-35.

[58] 蔡春芳,吴康,潘新法,等.蛋白质营养对异育银鲫生长和免疫力的影响[J].水生生物学报,2001,25(6):590-596.

[59] 乐贻荣,杨弘,徐起群,等.饲料蛋白水平对奥尼罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus×O.aureus)生长、免疫功能以及抗病力的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,2013,44(2):493-498.

[60] GÉRET F,JOUAN A,TURPIN V,et al.Influence of metal exposure on metallothionein synthesis and lipid peroxidation in two bivalve mollusks:the oyster (Crassostrea gigas) and the mussel (Mytilus edulis)[J].Aquatic Living Resources,2002,15(1):61-66.  

[61] 姜志强,石洪玥,崔培,等.不同蛋白水平的螺旋藻饲料对锦鲤体色,生长及免疫的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2012,43(3):95-103.

[62] MOURENTE G,DÍAZ-SALVAGO E,BELL J G,et al.Increased activities of hepatic antioxidant defence enzymes in juvenile gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) fed dietary oxidised oil:attenuation by dietary vitamin E[J].Aquaculture,2002,214(1/2/3/4):343-361.
Outlines

/