Effects of Spirulina on Growth Performance, Immune Function and Fecal Flora of Piglets

SHENG Qingkai, LIU Xue, HAN Hong, YANG Zhaojun, TONG Haini, SUN Liqin, ZHU Changxiong

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2017.03.014

Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition >

2017 , Vol. 29 >Issue 3: 843 - 849

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2017.03.014

Molecular Nutrition

Effects of Spirulina on Growth Performance, Immune Function and Fecal Flora of Piglets

Expand

1. Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Jinan 250100, China;
2. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
3. Shandong Meishida Animal Husbandry Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Jiyang 264055, China;
4. College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China

Received date: 2016-09-21

Online published: 2017-03-09

Fold

Abstract

The effects of Spirulina alone or combined with probiotics (Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacilli) on growth performance, immune function and fecal flora of piglets were investigated as means to explore Spirulina feed resource. According to a 2×2 factorial design, eighty weaning piglets with the average body weight of (8.85±0.20) kg and negative foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) maternal antibody were assigned to control group, Spirulina group (plus 0.5% Spirulina), probiotics group (plus 0.5 kg/t probiotics) and Spirulina probiotics group (plus 0.5% Spirulina and 0.5 kg/t probiotics) randomly. Each group included 5 pens with 4 pigs in each pen. Piglets were fed powder feed and the whole test lasted for 28 days. On the 8th day, all piglets were vaccinated with O-type and A-type FMD vaccine, and on the 7th and 28th days, serum and fresh feces were collected. The results showed as follows:1) Spirulina significantly increased average daily gain and decreased the ratio of feed to gain of piglets (P<0.05). 2) On the 7th and 28th days, Spirulina did not influence O-type and A-type FMD antibody titers (P>0.05). 3) On the 28th day, Spirulina extremely significantly increased the serum contents of immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgM and complement 3 (C3) (P<0.01), and did not affect the serum complement 4 content (P>0.05) of piglets. 4)On the 7th and 28th days, Spirulina did not affect Lactobacilli and E. coli amounts in feces (P>0.05). Interactions about serum IgG, IgM and C3 contents between the Spirulina and probiotics were significant on the 28th day (P<0.05), and the others were not (P>0.05). It is concluded that additional 0.5% Spirulina in the diet can promote growth and synergistically improve the humoral immune function combined with probiotics during the FMD vaccination of piglets.

Key words： Spirulina; probiotics; piglets; foot and mouth disease; interaction

Cite this article

SHENG Qingkai, LIU Xue, HAN Hong, YANG Zhaojun, TONG Haini, SUN Liqin, ZHU Changxiong . Effects of Spirulina on Growth Performance, Immune Function and Fecal Flora of Piglets[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2017 , 29(3) : 843 -849 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2017.03.014

References

[1] BATISTA A P,GOUVEIA L,BANDARRA N M,et al.Comparison of microalgal biomass profiles as novel functional ingredient for food products[J].Algal Research,2013,2(2):164-173.

[2] CHRISTAKI E,BONOS E,GIANNENAS I,et al.Functional properties of carotenoids originating from algae[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2013,93(1):5-11.

[3] 张红红,刘锐,张永明,等.利用养猪废水养殖钝顶螺旋藻及净化水质初步研究[C]//中国环境科学学会2012学术年会论文集.南宁:中国环境科学学会,2012:1859-1964.

[4] YAAKOB Z,ALI E,ZAINAL A,et al.An overview:biomolecules from microalgae for animal feed and aquaculture[J].Journal of Biological Research-Thessaloniki,2014,21:6.

[5] BENEMANN J.Microalgae for biofuels and animal feeds[J].Energies,2013,6(11):5869-5886.

[6] ADEL M,YEGANEH S,DADAR M,et al.Effects of dietary Spirulina platensis on growth performance,humoral and mucosal immune responses and disease resistance in juvenile great sturgeon (Huso huso,linnaeus,1754)[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology,2016,56:436-444.

[7] HOLMAN B W B,MALAU-ADULI A E O.Spirulina as a livestock supplement and animal feed[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2013,97(4):615-623.

[8] YAKOOT M,SALEM A.Spirulina platensis versus silymarin in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection.A pilot randomized,comparative clinical trial[J].BMC Gastroenterology,2012,12:32.

[9] 高林,贾卿,宋良敏,等.枯草芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、酵母菌复合制剂对断奶仔猪生产性能和血清免疫指标的影响[C]//中国畜牧兽医学会动物微生态学分会第十一次全国学术研讨会暨第五届会员代表大会论文集.重庆:中国畜牧兽医学会动物微生态学分会,2014:149.

[10] 吕子君,姚东林,王超,等.螺旋藻添加剂对猪生长、腹泻率及肌肉营养的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(7):206-209.

[11] GRINSTEAD G S,TOKACH M D,DRITZ S S,et al.Effects of Spirulina platensis on growth performance of weanling pigs[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2000,83(3/4):237-247.

[12] RAMAKRISHNAN C M,HANIFFA M A,MANOHAR M,et al.Effects of probiotics and Spirulina on survival and growth of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio)[J].The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-Bamidgeh,2008,60(2):128-133.

[13] ALVARENGA R R,RODRIGUES P B,DE SOUZA CANTARELLI V,et al.Energy values and chemical composition of spirulina (Spirulina platensis) evaluated with broilers[J].Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia,2011,40(5):992-996.

[14] SPOLAORE P,JOANNIS-CASSAN C,DURAN E,et al.Commercial applications of microalgae[J].Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering,2006,101(2):87-96.

[15] 万顺康,左绍远,张翠香.螺旋藻多糖对肉仔鸡生长性能、免疫功能及生化指标的影响[J].饲料研究,2013(9):70-73.

[16] ALESSANDRI J M,GOUSTARD B,GUESNET P,et al.Polyunsaturated fatty acids status in blood,heart,liver,intestine,retina and brain of newborn piglets fed either sow milk or a milk replacer diet[J].Reproduction Nutrition Development,1996,36(1):95-109.

[17] DAOUD H M,SOLIMAN E M.Evaluation of Spirulina platensis extract as natural antivirus against foot and mouth disease virus strains (A,O,SAT2)[J].Veterinary World,2015,8(10):1260-1265.

[18] QURESHI M A,GARLICH J D,KIDD M T.Dietary Spirulina platensis enhances humoral and cell-mediated immune functions in chickens[J].Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology,1996,18(3):465-476.

[19] 祝天龙,李奎,邵强,等.枯草芽孢杆菌制剂对仔猪生长及免疫的影响[J].饲料研究,2015(3):26-31.

[20] DUC L H,HONG H A,UYEN N Q,et al.Intracellular fate and immunogenicity of B.subtilis spores[J].Vaccine,2004,22(15/16):1873-1885.

[21] HAYASHI O,KATOH T,OKUWAKI Y.Enhancement of antibody production in mice by dietary Spirulina platensis[J].Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology,1994,40(5):431-441.

[22] ZHAO G Y,MIAO Y,GUO Y,et al.Development of a heat-stable and orally delivered recombinant M2e-expressing B.subtilis spore-based influenza vaccine[J].Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics,2014,10(12):3649-3658.

[23] HAYASHI O,ISHII K,KAWAMURA C,et al.Enhancement of mucosal immune functions by dietary Spirulina platensis in human and animals[J].Nutritional Sciences,2004,7(1):31-34.

[24] 豆新志.螺旋藻对抗生素相关性腹泻小鼠大便中菌群的影响[J].南方农业,2016,10(9):178-180.

[25] 梁冰,吴力克,张学成.螺旋藻在体外对肠道菌群增殖的促进作用[J].中国海洋药物,1999(3):7-10.

[26] 吴娟娟.肠道菌群对仔鸡肠道黏膜结构、免疫功能及脂肪代谢的影响[D].硕士学位论文.南昌:江西农业大学,2015.

[27] WU Q H,LIU L,MIRON A,et al.The antioxidant,immunomodulatory,and anti-inflammatory activities of Spirulina:an overview[J].Archives of Toxicology,2016,90(8):1817-1840.

Options

Outlines

模态框（Modal）标题

Abstract

Cite this article

References