Molecular Nutrition

Effects of Bacillus subtilis and Alfalfa Polysaccharide on Performance, Egg Quality, Blood Indices and Fecal and Intestinal Microbial Flora of Laying Hens

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  • Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China

Received date: 2016-11-10

  Online published: 2017-05-13

Abstract

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis and its combination with alfalfa polysaccharide on performance, egg quality, blood indices and fecal and intestinal microbial flora of laying hens, and to evaluate whether the combination effects were better than that of Bacillus subtilis alone or not. Two hundred and eighty-eight 27-week-old healthy Hy-Line Brown laying hens were randomly allocated into 4 groups with 6 replicates of 12 birds in each for 24 weeks. The diets were formulated by adding Bacillus subtilis and alfalfa polysaccharides to a basal diet: control group was fed with the basal diet (group 1), experimental groups were supplemented with 1.0×107 CFU/g Bacillus subtilis (group 2), 1.0×107 CFU/g Bacillus subtilis+250 mg/kg alfalfa polysaccharides (group 3) and 1.0×107 CFU/g Bacillus subtilis+4 000 mg/kg alfalfa polysaccharides (group 4). The results showed as follows: 1) there were no significant differences in feed intake, egg weight, egg weight per hen and mortality among all groups (P>0.05). However, the egg production in groups 3 and 4 during 9 to 16 weeks was significantly increased (P<0.05) and the ratio of feed to egg in groups 2, 3 and 4 during 9 to 16, 17 to 24 and 1 to 24 weeks was significantly decreased (P<0.05) compared with the control group. 2) Dietary Bacillus subtilis and its combination with alfalfa polysaccharide had no significant effects on eggshell color, eggshell thickness, eggshell strength, egg shape index, albumen height and Haugh unit (P>0.05), but significantly improved egg yolk color at 1, 2, 4 and 12 weeks (P<0.05). 3) Dietary Bacillus subtilis and its combination with alfalfa polysaccharide had significantly improved effects on serum glucose content at 2, 3, 4, 12, 16 and 20 weeks and serum urea content at 2, 3, 8, 12 and 20 weeks (P<0.05), and serum glucose content in group 3 at 2, 3, 4 and 8 weeks and group 4 at 3, 4, 8 and 20 weeks was increased significantly compared with group 2 (P<0.05). Dietary Bacillus subtilis and its combination with alfalfa polysaccharide significantly increased counts of blood leucocytes, lymphocytes, intermediate cell and neutrophils (P<0.05), intermediate cell count in group 3 at 1, 3, 4, 8 and 12 weeks and group 4 at 3 weeks was significantly higher than that in group 2 (P<0.05), and neutrophils count in group 3 at 1, 3, 4 and 8 weeks and group 4 at 1, 3 and 8 weeks was significantly higher than that in group 2 (P<0.05). Meanwhile, dietary Bacillus subtilis and its combination with alfalfa polysaccharide significantly increased platelet count at 3, 16 and 24 weeks (P<0.05). Dietary Bacillus subtilis and its combination with alfalfa polysaccharide significantly increased serum immunoglobulin A content at 16 weeks, immunoglobulin G content at 1 and 4 weeks and immunoglobulin M content at 2, 4 and 8 (P<0.05), and the improved effects in groups 3 and 4 were better than those in group 2 (P<0.05). 4) Dietary Bacillus subtilis and its combination with alfalfa polysaccharide significantly decreased fecal Escherichia coli count and the ratio of Escherichia coli to Lactobacillus in cecum (P<0.05), significantly increased jejunal, ileal and cecal Bifidobacterium count (P<0.05). Accordingly, dietary Bacillus subtilis and its combination with alfalfa polysaccharide can improve performance and egg quality, reduce fecal and cecal Escherichia coli count and increase intestinal Bifidobacterium count of laying hens. Additionally, the effects of combination of Bacillus subtilis and alfalfa polysaccharide on improving serum biochemical indices and enhancing immunity are superior to Bacillus subtilis.

Cite this article

GUO Junrui, DONG Xiaofang, TONG Jianming . Effects of Bacillus subtilis and Alfalfa Polysaccharide on Performance, Egg Quality, Blood Indices and Fecal and Intestinal Microbial Flora of Laying Hens[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2017 , 29(5) : 1687 -1703 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2017.05.029

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