Effects of Starters in Different Physical Forms on Growth and Development, Rumen Fermentation and Blood Parameters of Dairy Calves

DU Chao, ZHEN Yuguo, KERTZ Alois, SHEN Yifan, BU Dengpan

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2017.06.038

2017 , Vol. 29 >Issue 6: 2153 - 2161

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2017.06.038

Molecular Nutrition

Effects of Starters in Different Physical Forms on Growth and Development, Rumen Fermentation and Blood Parameters of Dairy Calves

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1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
3. Andhil LLC, St. Louis 63122, USA

Received date: 2016-12-05

Online published: 2017-06-07

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Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine whether the physical forms of starters could influence growth and development, rumen fermentation and blood parameters of dairy calves under hygrothermal environment. Thirty-six Holstein female calves were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups with following starters differing in physical forms:pelleted starter (PSA group, n=12), fine powder starter (PSB group, n=12) and texturized starter (TS group, n=12). The whole experiment lasted for 63 days with a 42-d milk feeding period (pre-weaning period), a 6-d weaning period and a 14-d post-weaning period. Calves were fed starters since 5 days of age. At 1, 42, 49 and 63 days of age before morning feeding, blood sample was collected, and body weight was measured; at 49 and 63 days of age before morning feeding, rumen fluid was collected by the method of gastric canal. Feed intake and temperature-humidity index (THI) were recorded everyday. The results showed that under hygrothermal environment:1) at weaning period and after being fully weaned for 2 weeks, TS group had higher start dry matter intake, average daily gain and gain-to-feed ratio than PSA and PSB groups, and PSB group had the lowest values, but the differences were not significant (P>0.05). 2) Calves in TS group exhibited rumination behavior 3.8 days earlier than that in PSB group and 4.7 days earlier than that in PSA group (P<0.05). TS group had a significantly lower ammonia nitrogen content than PSA group at 63 days of age (P>0.05). 3) PSA group had a significantly higher immunoglobulin G content than TS group at 42 days of age(P<0.05). 4) The initial diarrhea time of PSA and TS groups showed 0.44 and 1.75 days later than PSA and PSB groups, but there was no significant difference (P>0.05). It is concluded that under hygrothermal environment, compared with pelleted starter and fine powder starter, texturized starter can promote calf growth and development, early exhibition of rumination behavior, and complete of rumen function.

Key words： calves; starter; rumination; intake; temperature-humidity index; rumen fermentation

Cite this article

DU Chao, ZHEN Yuguo, KERTZ Alois, SHEN Yifan, BU Dengpan . Effects of Starters in Different Physical Forms on Growth and Development, Rumen Fermentation and Blood Parameters of Dairy Calves[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2017 , 29(6) : 2153 -2161 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2017.06.038

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