Effects of Stocking Density on Piggery's Health and Environment in Pig House

LI Xue, CHEN Fengming, XIONG Xia, WU Xin, LIU Gang, YIN Yulong

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2017.07.005

Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition >

2017 , Vol. 29 >Issue 7: 2245 - 2251

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2017.07.005

Molecular Nutrition

Effects of Stocking Density on Piggery's Health and Environment in Pig House

Expand

1. Subtropical Agriculture Ecological Engineering Key Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;
2. College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China

Received date: 2017-01-02

Online published: 2017-07-05

Fold

Abstract

With factory and intensive development of swine industry, in order to convenient management and cost reduction, the feeding craft with high stocking density has been often used, which leads to a shortage of living space and food, inducing many changes in behavior and psychology of pigs at same time. On the other hand, the high stocking density can increase the environmental burden, such as the contents of noxious gases and the occurrence of respiratory and digestive tract diseases. All the problems have impacted on health and restricted the growth performance of pigs. The present paper reviewed the effects of the stocking density on piggery's health and environment in the pig house.

Key words： stocking density; health; environment; growth performance; piggery

Cite this article

LI Xue, CHEN Fengming, XIONG Xia, WU Xin, LIU Gang, YIN Yulong . Effects of Stocking Density on Piggery's Health and Environment in Pig House[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2017 , 29(7) : 2245 -2251 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2017.07.005

References

[1] COLE D,TODD L,WING S.Concentrated swine feeding operations and public health:a review of occupational and community health effects[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2000,108(8):685-699.

[2] 陈润生.猪生产学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995:48-49.

[3] MAES D G,DELUYKER H,VERDONCK M,et al.Non-infectious factors associated with macroscopic and microscopic lung lesions in slaughter pigs from farrow-to-finish herds[J].Veterinary Record,2001,148(2):41-46.

[4] 付娟林.猪的饲养密度与猪病防控[J].养猪,2011(1):47-48.

[5] THOMSEN L E,MEJER H,WENDT S,et al.The influence of stocking rate on transmission of helminth parasites in pigs on permanent pasture during two consecutive summers[J].Veterinary Parasitology,2001,99(2):129-146.

[6] WOLTER B F,ELLIS M,DEDECKER J M,et al.Effects of double stocking and weighing frequency on pig performance in wean-to-finish production systems[J].Journal of Animal Science,2002,80(6):1442-1450.

[7] BEAUCHAMP G.Group-size effects on vigilance:a search for mechanisms[J].Behavioural Processes,2003,63(3):111-121.

[8] HONEYMAN M S,HARMON J D.Performance of finishing pigs in hoop structures and confinement during winter and summer[J].Journal of Animal Science,2003,81(2):1663-1670.

[9] 周明,张永云,罗忠宝,等.饲养密度对猪行为表现和福利水平的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2015(3):93-95.

[10] BØE K E,BERG S,ANDERSEN I L.Resting behaviour and displacements in ewes-effects of reduced lying space and pen shape[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2006,98(3/4):249-259.

[11] DEMMERS T G M,WATHES C M,RICHARDS P A,et al.A facility for controlled exposure of pigs to airborne dusts and gases[J].Biosystems Engineering,2003,84(2):217-230.

[12] 陈斌,黄奇庆.生长肥育猪的适宜饲养密度研究[J].江西畜牧兽医杂志,2000(1):10,15.

[13] 全国畜牧总站,农业部规划设计研究院.NY/T 1568—2007 标准化规模养猪场建设规范[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2008.

[14] 雷彬,宋忠旭,孙华,等.不同饲养密度下猪的采食规律研究[J].养猪,2015(5):47-48.

[15] 陈友慷,李治沦,潘其清,等.饲养密度对猪生产效果和行为的影响[J].家畜生态,1994,15(2):14-17.

[16] HYUN Y,ELLIS L M.Effect of group size and feeder type on growth performance and feeding patterns in growing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2001,79(4):803-810.

[17] SCHMOLKE S A,LI Y Z,GONYOU H W.Effects of group size on social behavior following regrouping of growing-finishing pigs[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2004,88(1/2):27-38.

[18] KASWAN S,PATEL B H M,MONDAL S K,et al.Effect of reduced floor space allowances on performance of crossbred weaner barrows[J].Indian Journal of Animal Research,2015,49(2):241-247.

[19] THOMAS L L,GOODBAND R D,TOKACH M D,et al.Effects of stocking density on finishing pig growth performance[J].Journal of Animal Science,2016,94(Suppl.2):54.

[20] 杨伟.群体规模和玩具对猪福利和生产性能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2009.

[21] 杨伟,时建忠,顾宪红.群体规模和地面空间占有量对猪的福利和生产性能的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2009,36(6):184-189.

[22] SCHMOLKE S A,LI Y Z,GONYOU H W.Effect of group size on performance of growing-finishing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2003,81(4):874-878.

[23] WOLTER B F,ELLIS M,CURTIS S E,et al.Effect of group size on pig performance in a wean-to-finish production system[J].Journal of Animal Science,2001,79(5):1067-1073.

[24] DAMM B I,PEDERSEN L J,HEISKANEN T,et al.Long-stemmed straw as an additional nesting material in modified Schmid pens in a commercial breeding unit:effects on sow behaviour,and on piglet mortality and growt[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2005,92(1/2):45-60.

[25] MCGLONE J J,NEWBY B E.Space requirements for finishing pigs in confinement:behavior and performance while group size and space vary[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,1994,39(3/4):331-338.

[26] SPOOLDER H A M,EDWARDS S A,CORNING S.Effects of group size and feeder space allowance on welfare in finishing pigs[J].Animal Science,1999,69(3):481-489.

[27] 殷宗俊,汪春乾,王自立,等.饲养密度对断奶仔猪生长和行为的影响[J].安徽农业大学学报,2000,27(1):79-81.

[28] 欧阳照华,杨永钦.不同饲养密度对育肥猪生产性能的影响[J].当代畜牧,2010(9):7.

[29] SHARMA P K,SAIKIA S,BARUAH K K.Effect of stocking density on growth performance and feed efficiency of Hampshire grower pigs reared under identical feeding and management[J].Indian Veterinary Journal,2004,81(3):299-301.

[30] WOLTER B F,ELLIS M,CORRIGAN B P,et al.Effect of restricted post-weaning growth resulting from reduced floor and feeder-trough space on pig growth performance to slaughter weight in a wean-to-finish production system[J].Journal of Animal Science,2003,81(5):836-842.

[31] SMITH L F,BEAULIEU A D,PATIENCE J F,et al.The impact of feeder adjustment and group size-floor space allowance on the performance of nursery pigs[J].Journal of Swine Health Produce,2004,12(3):111-118.

[32] WOLTER B F,ELLIS M,CURTIS S E,et al.Group size and floor-space allowance can affect weanling-pig performance[J].Journal of Animal Science,2000,78(8):2062-2067.

[33] WOLTER B F,ELLIS M,CORRIGAN B P,et al.Impact of early post weaning growth rate as affected by diet complexity and space allocation on subsequent growth performance of pigs in a wean-to-finish production system[J].Journal of Animal Science,2003,81(2):353-359.

[34] STEWART T S,DIEKMAN M A.Effect of birth and fraternal litter size and cross-fostering on growth and reproduction in swine[J].Journal of Animal Science,1989,67(3):635-640.

[35] VANHONACKER F,VERBEKE W,VAN POUCKE E,et al.Societal concern related to stocking density,pen size and group size in farm animal production[J].Livestock Science,2009,123(1):16-22.

[36] HAMILTON D N,ELLIS M,WOLTER B F,et al.The growth performance of the progeny of two swine sire lines reared under different floor space allowances[J].Journal of Animal Science,2003,81(4):1126-1135.

[37] COURBOULAY V.Effect of increasing the floor space allowance on performance,skin lesions and behaviour of growing-finishing pigs[J].Journées de la Recherche Porcine,2005,37(5):465-470.

[38] TURNER S P,ALLCROFT D J,EDWARDS S A.Housing pigs in large social groups:a review of implications for performance and other economic traits[J].Livestock Production Science,2003,82(1):39-51.

[39] TURNER S P,HORGAN G W,EDWARDS S A.Effect of social group size on aggressive behaviour between unacquainted domestic pigs[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2001,74(3):203-215.

[40] FU L L,LI H Z,LIANG T T,et al.Stocking density affects welfare indicators of growing pigs of different group sizes after regrouping[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2016,174:42-50.

[41] BARNETT J L,HEMSWORTH P H,CRONIN G M,et al.A review of the welfare issues for sows and piglets in relation to housing[J].Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,2001,52(3):1-28.

[42] TURNER S P,DAHLGREN M,AREY D S,et al.Effect of social group size and initial live weight on feeder space requirement of growing pigs given food ad libitum[J].Animal Science,2002,75(1):75-83.

[43] JÄÄSKELÄINEN T,KAUPPINEN T,VESALA K M,et al.Relationships between pig welfare,productivity and farmer disposition[J].Animal Welfare,2014,23(4):435-443.

[44] KERR C A,GILES L R,JONES M R,et al.Effects of grouping unfamiliar cohorts,high ambient temperature and stocking density on live performance of growing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2005,83(4):908-915.

[45] MARCO-RAMELL A,PATO R,PEÑA R,et al.Identification of serum stress biomarkers in pigs housed at different stocking densities[J].The Veterinary Journal,2011,190(2):e66-e71.

[46] GREEN C F,SCARPINO P V,GIBBS S G,et al.Assessment and modeling of indoor fungal and bacterial bioaerosol concentrations[J].Aerobiologia,2003,19(3/4):159-169.

[47] KIM K U,KO H J,KIM H T,et al.Assessment of airborne bacteria and fungi in pig buildings in Korea[J].Biosystems Engineering,2008,99(4):565-572.

[48] 胡鸿惠,彭国良,南文金.猪舍空气病原微生物与环境通风的关系研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(13):5755-5757,5760.

[49] ANDERSEN I L,BØE K E,HOVE K.Behavioural and physiolgical thermoregulation in groups of pregnant sows housed in a kennel system at low temperatures[J].Canadian Journal of Animal Science,2000,80(1):1-8.

[50] CHANG C W,CHUNG H,HUANG C F,et al.Exposure assessment to airborne endotoxin,dust,ammonia,hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide in open style swine houses[J].The Annals of Occupational Hygiene,2001,45(6):457-465.

[51] HÄUSSERMANN A,HARTUNG E,JUNGBLUTH T.Environmental effects of pig house ventilation controlled by animal activity and CO₂ indoor concentration[M].Uppsala,Sweden:ECPL,2005.

[52] 叶章颖,魏晓明,张国强,等.冬季猪舍粪便贮存过程中CO₂排放特征[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(5):264-269.

[53] WANG X J,PAN H J,GU J,et al.Effects of oxytetracycline on archaeal community,and tetracycline resistance genes in anaerobic co-digestion of pig manure and wheat straw[J].Environmental Technology,2016,37(24):3177-3185.

[54] 俞守华,董绍娴,区晶莹.猪舍有害气体NH3、H₂S的电子鼻定量识别[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(7):153-157.

[55] 刘希颖,赵越,赵永.封闭猪舍中硫化氢气体浓度变化的研究[J].中国饲料,2004(17):21-22,31.

[56] 段淇斌,冯强,姬永莲,等.生物发酵床对育肥猪舍氨气和硫化氢浓度季节动态的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2011,46(3):13-15.

[57] 李新建,吕刚,任广志.影响猪场氨气排放的因素及控制措施[J].家畜生态学报,2012,33(1):86-93.

[58] 刘凤华.家畜环境卫生学[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2004:100-103.

Options

Outlines

模态框（Modal）标题

Abstract

Cite this article

References