This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of ginseng residue supplementation on reproductive performance and plasma physiological and biochemical indexes of gestation sows. Ninety-six healthy gestation sows (Landrace×Large White) with the similar body condition and 2 to 4 parities were randomly arranged into 4 groups with 24 replicates per group and 1 sow per replicate. Sows in control group were fed a basal diet, and sows in groups Ⅰ, Ⅱand Ⅲ were fed the basal diet supplemented with 1%, 3% and 5% ginseng residue, respectively. The experiment was performed from the day 60 of gestation to the day of piglet birth. The results showed as follows:compared with the control group, diet supplemented with 3% and 5% ginseng residue significantly increased the average birth weight (P<0.05) and extremely significantly increased the birth weight of litter (P<0.01). Compared with the 1% ginseng residue group, diet supplemented with 3% and 5% ginseng residue extremely significantly or significantly increased the birth weight of litter (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Compared with the control group, diet supplemented with 5% ginseng residue significantly increased the litter size and live litter size (P<0.05), but diet supplemented with 1% and 3% ginseng residue had no significant effects on the litter size and live litter size (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, diet supplemented with 5% ginseng residue extremely significantly decreased the plasma glucose level (P<0.01). The plasma triglyceride level in 3% ginseng residue group was extremely significantly lower than that in the other groups (P<0.01), and it in the 5% ginseng residue group was significantly lower than that in the control groups (P<0.05). Compared with the control group and 1% ginseng residue group, the plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) level in 3% and 5% ginseng residue groups was extremely significantly increased (P<0.01). Compared with the control group, diet supplemented with 1%, 3% and 5% ginseng residue extremely significantly increased the plasma insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2) level (P<0.01); the plasma IGF-2 level in 3% and 5% ginseng residue group was significantly higher than that in 1% ginseng residue group (P<0.05). Ginseng residue supplementation had no significant effects on the plasma urea nitrogen, growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) levels (P>0.05). In conclusion, diet supplemented with 1% to 5% ginseng residue can increase the plasma IGF-2 level, supplemented with 3% and 5% ginseng residue can decrease blood lipid level, and supplemented with 5% ginseng residue can decrease the blood glucose level and improve the reproductive performance of gestation sows.