Molecular Nutrition

Effects of Different Maturity Stages and Breeds on Nutritional Components and Rumen Degradation Characteristic of Whole Crop Wheat

Expand
  • College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China

Received date: 2017-10-18

  Online published: 2018-04-03

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to study effects of different maturity stages and breeds on nutritional components and rumen degradation characteristic of whole crop wheat, and to provided reference and guidance for the application of whole plant wheat in dairy cattle diets. The experiment used two varieties of wheat which were Shannong 22026(SN22026) and Shannong 82567 (SN82567). Samples were collected from late March to mid June at 2015. The contents of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), starch, crude ash (Ash), organic matter, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL) and relative feed value were measured, and rumen degradability of wheat was measured use three fistula Holstein cows with a weight of about 500 kg. The results showed as follows:1) the DM content of whole crop wheat in dough stage was significantly higher than that in other stages (P<0.05). The CP content of whole crop wheat gradually decreased during maturation, and remained stable after flowering stage. With the maturity of wheat, the contents of NDF, ADF and ADL in whole crop wheat showed the trend of increased firstly and then decreased. 2) With the maturity of wheat, the gross energy of dry matter of whole crop wheat showed a decreased trend, and the net energy of lactation showed the trend of decreased firstly and then increased. 3) The effective degradabilities of DM, CP and NDF of whole crop wheat were highest in the jointing stage, and significantly decreased in heading stage and flowering stage (P<0.05), then significantly increased in milk stage and dough stage (P<0.05). 4) The rumen degradation protein (RDP) content of whole crop wheat was highest in jointing stage and significantly higher than that in other stages (P<0.05), then significantly decreased in heading stage (P<0.05), and decreased to lowest in flowering stage (P<0.05), and gradually increased after flowering stage (P>0.10). The rumen undegraded protein content decreased gradually with wheat maturity, the lowest value was in dough stage and significantly lower than that in other stages (P<0.05). In conclusion, comparison of two species of whole crop wheat, only a few indices have significant differences. Moreover, each mature stage of the whole crop wheat breeding value is very high, however, the nutritional value, yield and rumen degradability characteristics of whole plant wheat in different maturity stages have significantly different.

Cite this article

HU Zhiyong, ZHANG Tian, WANG Jinxin, DONG Xusheng, LIN Xueyan, WANG Zhonghua . Effects of Different Maturity Stages and Breeds on Nutritional Components and Rumen Degradation Characteristic of Whole Crop Wheat[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2018 , 30(4) : 1333 -1343 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.04.016

References

[1] ADAMSON A H,REEVE A.Nutritional evaluation of whole-crop wheat[C]//STARK B A,WILKINSON J M.Whole-crop cereals.Aberystwyth:Chalcombe Publication,1992:85-96.

[2] ARIELI A,ADIN G.Effect of wheat silage maturity on digestion and milk yield in dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1994,77(1):237-243.  

[3] CROVETTO G M,GALASSI G,RAPETTI L,et al.Effect of the stage of maturity on the nutritive value of whole crop wheat silage[J].Livestock Production Science,1998,55(1):21-32.  

[4] XIE Z L,ZHANG T F,CHEN X Z,et al.Effects of maturity stages on the nutritive composition and silage quality of whole crop wheat[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2012,25(10):1374-1380.  

[5] 冯仰廉.反刍动物营养学[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.

[6] (美)国家科学研究委员会.奶牛营养需要[M].孟庆翔,译.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2002.

[7] 冯仰廉.奶牛营养需要和饲料成分[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2007.

[8] 秦梦臻,沈益新.生育期对小麦全株青贮发酵品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(8):1661-1666.

[9] THROOP H L.Nitrogen deposition and herbivory affect biomass production and allocation in an annual plant[J].OIKOS,2005,111(1):91-100.  

[10] OLTJEN J W,BOLSEN K K BOLSEN.Wheat,barley,oat,and corn silages for growing steers[J].Journal of Animal Science,1980,51(4):958-965.  

[11] BECK P A,STEWART C B,GRAY H C,et al.Effect of wheat forage maturity and preservation method on forage chemical composition and performance of growing calves fed mixed diets[J].Journal of Animal Science,2009,87(12):4133-4142.  

[12] INRA.Alimentation des bovins,ovins et caprins[M].Paris:INRA,1988,476.

[13] EDMISTEN K L,GREEN J T,Jr,MUELLER J P,et al.Winter annual small grain forage potential:Ⅱ.Quantification of nutritive characteristics of four small grain species at six growth stages[J].Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,1998,26(7/8):881-899.

[14] COBLENTZ W K,COFFEY K PTURNER J E,et al.Effect of maturity on degradation kinetics of sod-seeded cereal grain forage grown in Northern Arkansas[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2000,83(11):2499-2511.  

[15] ASHBELL G,WEINBERG Z G,HEN Y.Interactions between wheat and vetch during co-ensiling[J].Meshek Habakar Vehachalav,1997,272:20-22.

[16] 刁其玉,屠焰.奶牛常用饲料蛋白质在瘤胃的降解参数[J].乳业科学与技术,2005,27(2):70-74.

[17] 刘大林,赵国琦,王学峰,等.豆科与禾本科牧草在山羊瘤胃内的降解率比较试验[J].四川畜牧兽医,2000,27(3):19,21.

[18] WEIR W C,JONES L G,MEYER J H.Effect of cutting interval and stage of maturity on the digestibility and yield of alfalfa[J].Journal of Animal Science,1960,19(1):5-19.  

[19] YU P,CHRISTENSEN D A,MCKINNON J J,et al.Effect of variety and maturity stage on chemical composition,carbohydrate and protein subfractions,in vitro rumen degradability and energy values of timothy and alfalfa[J].Canadian Journal of Animal Science,2003,83(2):279-290.  

[20] ALBRECHT K A,WEDIN W F,BUXTON D R.Cell-wall composition and digestibility of alfalfa stems and leaves[J].Crop Science,1987,27(4):735-741.  

[21] VAN SOEST P J.Nutritional ecology of the ruminant[M].2nd ed.Ithaca,NY:Cornell University Press,1994.

[22] SEWALT V J H,NI W T,JUNG H G,et al.Lignin impact on fiber degradation:increased enzymatic digestibility of genetically engineered tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) stems reduced in lignin content[J].Journal of Agricultural & Food Chemistry,1997,45(5):1977-1983.  

[23] BUXTON D R,RUSSELL J R.Lignin constituents and cell-wall digestibility of grass and legume stems[J].Crop Science,1988,28(3):553-558.  

[24] BUXTON D R,BRASCHE M R.Digestibility of structural carbohydrates in cool-season grass and legume forages[J].Crop Science,1991,31(5):1338-1345.  

[25] AKIN D E.Histological and physical factors affecting digestibility of forages[J].Agronomy Journal,1989,81(1):17-25.  

[26] SEWALT V J H,GLASSER W G,BEAUCHEMIN K A.Lignin impact on fiber degradation.3.Reversal of inhibition of enzymatic hydrolysis by chemical modification of lignin and by additives[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemisitry,1997,45(5):1823-1828.  

[27] JUNG H G,ALLEN M S.Characteristics of plant cell walls affecting intake and digestibility of forages by ruminants[J].Journal of Animal Science,1995,73(9):2774-2790.  

[28] 冯仰廉.肉牛营养需要和饲养标准[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2000:7-10.

[29] 姜军,莫放,高博,等.日粮蛋白质补充料来源对肉牛消化道营养物质流量和表观消化率的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(3):9-14.

[30] 徐萍,莫放,陈瑶,等.日粮精料进食水平对肉牛消化道营养物质流量和表观消化率的影响[J].中国草食动物,2007,27(4):12-15.

[31] BRODERICK G A.Effects of varying dietary protein and energy levels on the production of lactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(4):1370-1381.  

[32] ROTGER A,FERRET A,CALSAMIGLIA S,et al.Effects of nonstructural carbohydrates and protein sources on intake,apparent total tract digestibility, and ruminal metabolism in vivo and in vitro with high-concentrate beef cattle diets[J].Journal of Animal Science,2006,84(5):1188-1196.  

[33] IVAN S K,GRANT R J,WEAKLEY D,et al.Comparison of a corn silage hybrid with high cell-wall content and digestibility with a hybrid of lower cell-wall content on performance of holstein cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2005,88(1):244-254.  

[34] RUSSELL A D.Mycobactericidal agents[C]//RUSSELL A D,HUGO W B, AYLIFFE G A J.Principles and practice of disinfection,preservation and sterilization.2nd ed.Oxford:Blackwell Scientific,1992:246253.

[35] 杨效民,李军,闫春轩,等.奶牛瘤胃非降解蛋白质日粮应用研究[J].山西农业科学,1997,25(4):80-83.
Outlines

/