Molecular Nutrition

Ontogenic Pattern of Avian Thermoregulation and Underlying Neuroendocrine Mechanisms

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  • Shandong Key Laboratory for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China

Received date: 2018-01-03

  Online published: 2018-07-20

Abstract

In ovo, nascent thermoregulation is subjected to several limitations, including the high thermal conductance of hatching eggs and embryonic tissues at the mercy of ambient temperatures, the rate of oxygen diffusing through the eggshell and chorioallantoic membrane, the maturity of thyroid activity and the metabolic capacity of embryos. During later stages of incubation, egg cooling induces a compensatory increase of metabolic rate. During the late prenatal and early postnatal period, peripheral and deep-body thermoreceptors are present and functional. Maturation of the hypothalamic thermosentivity takes place with a relatively high cold sensitivity in early life. The thyroid-releasing hormone and the corticotropin-releasing hormone, produced by the hypothalamus, are possibly more important in thermoregulatory abilities of birds than their end organ products. The hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis becomes functional during the mid-embryonic period, and shows close relationships with hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis toward the end of incubation. Recent studies, however, were not able to show any direct effect of the thyroid and adrenocorticoid hormones on the thermoregulation of day-old chicks. This review clearly describes the ontogenic pattern of avian thermoregulation and underlying neuroendocrine mechanisms, in order to lay a reference for modulation of thermal comfort, notably the plasticity of central nervous system.

Cite this article

ZHAO Jingpeng, JIAO Hongchao, WANG Xiaojuan, LIN Hai . Ontogenic Pattern of Avian Thermoregulation and Underlying Neuroendocrine Mechanisms[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2018 , 30(7) : 2445 -2452 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.07.002

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