Effects of Threonine Level in a Low Protein Diet on Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility of Early Wintering Sika Deer

LI Rende, ZHANG Tietao, CUI Xuezhe, SI Huazhe, SUN Weili, ZHANG Ting, LI Guangyu, WANG Kaiying

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.08.028

2018 , Vol. 30 >Issue 8: 3107 - 3115

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.08.028

Molecular Nutrition

Effects of Threonine Level in a Low Protein Diet on Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility of Early Wintering Sika Deer

Expand

State Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Molecular Biology, Institute of Special Animal And Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China

Received date: 2018-01-24

Online published: 2018-08-18

Fold

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of threonine (Thr) level in a low protein diet on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of early wintering sika deer. Twenty healthy 6-month-old male sika deer were randomly divided into 4 groups with 5 deer per group. Infant deer in 4 groups restricted feeding 4 different diets with the same lysine (Lys) and methionine (Met) levels which were 0.63% and 0.18%, respectively, through supplemented rumen-protected lysine (RPL), rumen-protected methionine (RPM) and rumen-protected threonine (RPT). The Thr level in 4 diets was 0.54% (group Ⅰ), 0.46% (group Ⅱ), 0.59% (group Ⅲ) and 0.72% (group Ⅳ), respectively. Infant deer in group Ⅰ (control group) were fed a high protein diet with 15.46% protein, and infant deer in test groups (groups Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ) were fed a low protein diet with 13.46% protein. The pretrial period was 15 days, and the formal period was 45 days. The results showed as follows:1) the final body weight of control group and group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅳ (P<0.05). The average daily gain (ADG) of group Ⅳ was extremely significantly lower than that of other groups (P<0.01). The feed/gain (F/G) of group Ⅳ was extremely significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.01), and it on group Ⅱ was extremely significantly lower than that of control group and group Ⅲ (P<0.01). 2) The ether extract (EE) digestibility of group Ⅳ was extremely significantly lower than that of group Ⅱ (P<0.01), which was significantly lower than group Ⅲ (P<0.05). The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility of control group was significantly lower than that of group Ⅱ (P<0.05). The energy digestibility of control group was extremely significantly lower than that of group Ⅱ (P<0.01). The calcium (Ca) digestibility of group Ⅱ was extremely significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.01), and it in group Ⅳ was extremely significantly lower than that in control group and group Ⅲ (P<0.01). The phosphorus (P)digestibility of group Ⅱ was extremely significantly higher than that of group Ⅳ (P<0.01), which was significantly higher than that in control group and group Ⅲ (P<0.05). 3)The digestibility of Met and Thr of group Ⅱ was extremely significantly lower than that of control group and group Ⅳ (P<0.01), which was significantly higher than that of group Ⅲ (P<0.05). The digestibility of aspartic acid (Asp) of group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05). The digestibility of serine (Ser) of control group was extremely significantly lower than that of other groups (P<0.01). The digestibility of glutamic acid (Glu) of control group was extremely significantly higher than that of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P<0.01). The digestibility of tyrosine (Tyr) of control group was significantly lower than that of group Ⅱ (P<0.05). The digestibility of proline (Pro) of control group was extremely significantly lower than that of group Ⅱ (P<0.01), which was significantly lower than that of group Ⅲ (P<0.05). It can be seen that under the same dietary Lys and Met levels, the growth performance, nutrient digestibility of sika deer fed the low protein diet with 0.47% Thr and 13.56% protein can be comparable to those fed the high protein diet with 0.55% Thr and 15.15% protein.

Key words： sika deer; threonine; growth performance; nutrient digestibility; low protein diet

Cite this article

LI Rende, ZHANG Tietao, CUI Xuezhe, SI Huazhe, SUN Weili, ZHANG Ting, LI Guangyu, WANG Kaiying . Effects of Threonine Level in a Low Protein Diet on Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility of Early Wintering Sika Deer[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2018 , 30(8) : 3107 -3115 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.08.028

References

[1] KAMRAN Z,SARWAR M,NISA M U,et al.Effect of low levels of dietary crude protein with constant metabolizable energy on nitrogen excretion,litter composition and blood parameters of broilers[J].International Journal of Agriculture and Biology,2010,12:401-405.

[2] LEE C,HRISTOV A N,HEYLER K S,et al.Effects of dietary protein concentration and coconut oil supplementation on nitrogen utilization and production in dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(11):5544-5557.

[3] WHELAN S J,MULLIGAN F J,FLYNN B.Effect of forage source and a supplementary methionine hydroxy analog on nitrogen balance in lactating dairy cows offered a low crude protein diet[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(10):5080-5089.

[4] DINN N E,SHELFORD J A,FISHER L J,et al.Use of the Cornell net carbohydrate and protein system and rumen-protected lysine and methionine to reduce nitrogen excretion from lactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1998,81(1):229-237.

[5] LORDELO M M,GASPAR A M,LE BELLEGO L L,et al.Isoleucine and valine supplementation of a low-protein corn-wheat-soybean meal-based diet for piglets:growth performance and nitrogen balance[J].Journal of Animal Science,2008,86(11):2936-2941.

[6] 李雪玲,张乃锋,马涛,等.开食料中赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸和色氨酸对断奶羔羊生长性能、氮利用率和血清指标的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2017,48(4):678-689.

[7] HILL T M,BATEMAN Ⅱ H G,ALDRICH J M,et al.Optimal concentrations of lysine,methionine,and threonine in milk replacersfor calves less than five weeks of age[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2008,91(6):2433-2442.

[8] BARTLETT K S,MC-KEITH F K,VANDE-HAAR M J,et al.Growth and body composition of dairy calves fed milk replacers containing different amounts of protein at two feeding rates[J].Journal of Animal Science,2006,84(6):1454-1467.

[9] 毕晔,辛海瑞,潘晓花,等.饲粮苏氨酸水平对北京雏鸭生长性能、胴体品质、免疫机能和血清激素的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(6):1913-1920.

[10] DANIELS K M,HILL S R,KNOWLTON K F,et al.Effects of milk replacer composition on selected blood metabolites and hormones in preweaned Holstein heifers[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2008,91(7):2628-2640.

[11] 王建红,刁其玉,许先查,等.日粮Lys、Met和Thr添加模式对0-2月龄犊牛生长性能、消化代谢与血清学生化指标的影响[J]. 中国农业科学,2011,44(9):1898-1907.

[12] 刁其玉,张蓉.我国幼龄反刍动物生长与消化生理发育特点[J].中国畜牧杂志,2017,53(7):4-8.

[13] 张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003.

[14] 王钰明,赵峰,陈寿飞,等.猪生长阶段与饲粮类型对酸不溶灰分法测定养分消化率的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,7(3):811-819.

[15] 莫放.养牛生产学[M].2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2010:175-177.

[16] 杨玉芬,乔建国,陈娥英.生长猪不同低蛋白日粮添加赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸和色氨酸的效果研究[C].福建省畜牧兽医学会2005年学术年会.福州:福建省畜牧兽医学会2005:764-768.

[17] 殷溪瀚.过瘤胃赖氨酸、蛋氨酸对荷斯坦奶公牛生长性能和胴体品质影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学,2015.

[18] 杨魁.过瘤胃蛋氨酸和过瘤胃赖氨酸在生长育肥牛中的应用研究[D].硕士学位论文.重庆:西南大学,2014.

[19] 云强,刁其玉,屠焰,等.日粮中赖氨酸和蛋氨酸比对断奶犊牛生长性能和消化代谢的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(1):133-142.

[20] SOCHA M T,PUTNAM D E,GARTHWAITE B D,et al.Improving intestinal amino acid supply of pre-and postpartum dairy cows with rumen-protected methionine and lysine[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2005,88(3):1113-1126.

[21] BRODERICK G A,STEVENSON M J,PATTON R A,et al.Effect of supplementing rumen-protected methionine on production and nitrogen excretion in lactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2008,91(3):1092-1102.

[22] KIDD M T,ZUMWALT C D,CHAMBLEE D W,et al.Broiler growth and carcass responses to diets containing L-threonine versus diets containing threonine from intact protein sources[J].Journal of Applied Poultry Research,2002,11(1):83-89.

[23] 张艳蕾.日粮苏氨酸水平对生长肉兔生长发育、免疫性能、血液生化指标以及蛋白质代谢的影响[D].硕士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学,2011.

[24] 曲正祥.日粮苏氨酸缺乏、过量对肉鸡生产性能及生理代谢的影响[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.

[25] 唐茂妍,陈旭东,梁富广,等.生长猪低蛋白质日粮可消化赖氨酸、蛋氨酸+胱氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸平衡模式的研究[J].动物营养学报,2008,20(4):397-403.

[26] CHEE S H,IJI P A,CHOCT M,et al.Functional interactions of manno-oligosaccharides with dietary threonine in chicken gastrointestinal tract.Ⅰ.Growth performance and mucin dynamics[J].British Poultry Science,2010,51(5):658-666.

[27] MAROUFYAN E,KASIM A,HASHEMI S R,et al.The effect of methionine and threonine supplementations on immune responses of broiler chickens challenged with infectious bursal disease[J].American Journal of Applied Sciences,2010,7(1):44-20.

[28] HABTE-TSION H M,GE X P,LIU B,et al.A deficiency or an excess of dietary threonine level affects weight gain,enzyme activity,immune response and immune-related gene expression in juvenile blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala)[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology,2015,42(2):439-446.

[29] 刘大森,李彦芳,张美美.维持泌乳期奶牛日粮氨基酸平衡的重要性及途径[J].饲料工业,2016,37(18):1-4.

[30] 张卫兵,刁其玉,张乃锋,等.日粮蛋白能量比对8-10月龄后备奶牛生长性能和养分消化的影响[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(12):2541-2547.

[31] SKLAN D,PLAVNIK I.Interactions between dietary crude protein and essential amino acid intake on performance in broilers[J].British Poultry Science,2002,43(3):442-449.

[32] ROBBINS K R.Threonine requirement of the broiler chick as affected by protein level and source[J].Poultry Science,1987,66(9):1531-1534.

[33] 王欣,李光玉,崔学哲,等.雄性梅花鹿仔鹿越冬期配合日粮适宜蛋白质水平的研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2011,38(1):23-26.

[34] WESTERMEIER C,PAULICKS B R,KIRCHGESSNER M.Feed intake and body weights of suckling sows and piglets in dependence of dietary threonine supplementation.1.Contribution about the threonine requirement of suckling sows[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,1998,79(1):33-45.

[35] 董志岩,刘景,方桂友,等.日粮蛋白质、赖氨酸水平对生长猪生产性能及蛋白质、氨基酸消化率的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2011,32(2):69-74.

[36] 邹思湘.动物生物化学[M].4版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2005:211-217.

[37] 陈傲东,陈红莉,孔平,等.氨基酸平衡日粮对奶牛生产性能、血清生化指标及经济效益的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2015,42(10):2650-2657.

[38] 周彦文.合浦鹅赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和苏氨酸适宜需要量的研究[D].硕士学位论文.南宁:广西大学,2008.

[39] 王红梅.0-6周龄肉仔鸡苏氨酸需要量的研究[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2005.

Options

Outlines

模态框（Modal）标题

Abstract

Cite this article

References