Effects of Dietary Energy Level on Urinary Purine Derivatives Excretion and Ruminal Microbial Nitrogen Production of Tibetan Sheep under Low Nitrogen Condition

GUO Yamin, WANG Wenji, KANG Jingpeng, LIU Hu, JING Xiaoping, LONG Ruijun, ZHOU Jianwei

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.12.028

2018 , Vol. 30 >Issue 12: 5002 - 5012

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.12.028

Molecular Nutrition

Effects of Dietary Energy Level on Urinary Purine Derivatives Excretion and Ruminal Microbial Nitrogen Production of Tibetan Sheep under Low Nitrogen Condition

Expand

1. College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
2. School of Life Sciences of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
3. Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China

Received date: 2018-05-06

Online published: 2018-12-19

Fold

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary energy level on urinary purine derivatives (PD) excretion and ruminal microbial nitrogen production of Tibetan sheep under low nitrogen condition, and to impart a theoretical basis and data support for the appropriate energy and nitrogen supplementation technology for Tibetan sheep in the cold season. Five 1.5-year-old castrated female Tibetan sheep with the body weight of (47.70±2.46) kg and similar body condition were selected, subsequently utilized in the digestion and metabolism tests with a 4×4 Latin square design (one of the sheep as replicate). Sheep were respectively fed four diets with similar crude protein (CP) content [(6.97±0.05)%] and variable digestible energy (DE) levels throughout the experiment. The DE level in the four diets was 8.23 (low-energy diet), 9.31 (medium low-energy diet), 10.45 (medium high-energy diet) and 11.57 MJ/kg (high-energy diet), respectively. The overall experiment consisted of 4 periods and each lasted for 21 d, permitting a 15-d pre-test and a 6-d post-test period. The results showed as follows: 1) with the increase of dietary energy level, both urinary PD excretion and duodenal PD absorption were linearly increased (P<0.05). In urinary PD components, with the increase of dietary energy level, uric acid excretion was linearly increased (P<0.05), allantoin excretion exhibited an increasing trend (0.05≤P≤0.10), however, there were no significant difference in percentages of urinary PD each component excretion in PD excretion among groups (P>0.10). 2) Total digestible nutrient (TDN) intake was linearly increased with dietary energy level increasing (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in nitrogen intake among groups (P>0.10). With the dietary energy level increasing, urinary nitrogen excretion was linearly decreased (P<0.05), whereas urinary purine nitrogen and purine nitrogen index (PNI) were linearly increased (P<0.05). Ruminal MN production and microbial protein synthesis efficiency (MPS)were linearly increased with the dietary energy level increasing (P<0.05). 3) There were higher linear correlations between urinary PD excretion, ruminal MN production and TDN intake, the mathematical equations followed: urinary PD excretion (mmol/d)=18.09TDN intake(kg/d)-1.11 (R²=0.97); ruminal MN production (g/d)=18.32TDN intake (kg/d)-2.51 (R²=0.97). 4) There was a higher linear correlation between nitrogen balance (NB) and DE intake (DEI), the mathematical equation followed: NB (g/d)=10.24DEI (MJ/kg BW^0.75)-3.58 (R²=0.68). In conclusion, when the dietary CP content is 6.97%, Tibetan sheep requires 0.35 MJ/kg BW^0.75 DE to maintain nitrogen balance; furthermore, the increase of dietary energy level (DE levels: 8.21 to 11.57 MJ/kg) can improve the rumen MN synthesis in Tibetan sheep, and so as in the efficiency of nitrogen utilization, thereby to make up for the scarcity of dietary nitrogen. Therefore, it is feasible to enhance Tibetan sheep's adaptability to low nitrogen stress through energy supplementation in the cold season of the Tibetan Plateau.

Key words： Tibetan sheep; low nitrogen condition; dietary energy level; urinary purine derivatives; ruminal microbial nitrogen production

Cite this article

GUO Yamin, WANG Wenji, KANG Jingpeng, LIU Hu, JING Xiaoping, LONG Ruijun, ZHOU Jianwei . Effects of Dietary Energy Level on Urinary Purine Derivatives Excretion and Ruminal Microbial Nitrogen Production of Tibetan Sheep under Low Nitrogen Condition[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2018 , 30(12) : 5002 -5012 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2018.12.028

References

[1] LONG R J,DONG S K,WEI X H,et al.The effect of supplementary feeds on the bodyweight of yaks in cold season[J].Livestock Production Science,2005,93(3):197-204.

[2] 向泽宇,王长庭.青藏高原藏羊遗传资源的现状、存在问题及对策[J].中国畜牧兽医文摘,2011,27(2):1-4.

[3] ZHOU J W,GUO X S,DEGEN A A,et al.Urea kinetics and nitrogen balance and requirements for maintenance in Tibetan sheep when fed oat hay[J].Small Ruminant Research,2015,129:60-68.

[4] 谢敖云,柴沙驼,王万邦,等.高山草甸草地牧草产量及其营养变化规律[J].青海畜牧兽医杂志,1996,26(2):8-10.

[5] 周建伟.藏羊对青藏高原氮素营养胁迫的适应性研究[D].博士学位论文.兰州:兰州大学,2015.

[6] AFRC.Technical committee on responses to nutrients.Nutritive requirements of ruminant animal:protein[Z].AFRC Technical Committee on Response to Nutrients.Report No. 9.Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews (Series B),1992,62:787-835.

[7] ØRSKOV E R.Protein nutrition in ruminants[M].2nd ed.London:The Academic Press,1992.

[8] 王虎成.尿嘌呤衍生物排出量估测青藏高原牦牛瘤胃微生物蛋白产量研究[D].博士学位论文.兰州:兰州大学,2009:60-64.

[9] ZHOU J W,MI J D,TITGEMEYER E C,et al.A comparison of nitrogen utilization and urea metabolism between Tibetan and fine-wool sheep[J].Journal of Animal Science,2015,93(6):3006-3017.

[10] NRC.Nutrient requirements of sheep[S].6th ed.Washington,D.C.:National Academies,1985.

[11] BRODERIC G A,MERCHEN N P.Markers for quantifying microbial protein synthesis in the rume[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1992,75(9):2618-2632.

[12] 郭辉,杨膺白,李丽莉,等.尿液嘌呤法估测瘤胃微生物蛋白研究[J].中国草食动物,2007(6):59-62.

[13] 钟伟,李光玉,罗国良.尿液嘌呤衍生物法估测瘤胃微生物蛋白产量的研究进展[J].家畜生态学报,2008,29(1):99-102.

[14] 王虎成,龙瑞军,马亚玲,等.尿嘌呤衍生物估测瘤胃微生物蛋白产量的原理及研究进展[J].饲料工业,2008,29(1):47-51.

[15] CHEN X B,HOVELL F D D,ØSKOV E R,et al.Excretion of purine derivatives by ruminants:effect of exogenous nucleic acid supply on purine derivative excretion by sheep[J].British Journal of Nutrition,1990,63(1):131-142.

[16] BELENGUER A,YAEÑZ D,BALCELLS J,et al.Urinary excretion of purine derivatives and prediction of rumen microbial outflow in goats[J].Livestock Production Science,2002,77(2/3):127-135.

[17] VERBIC J,CHEN X B,MACLEOD N A,et al.Excretion of purine derivatives by ruminants.Effect of microbial nucleic acid infusion on purine derivative excretion by steers[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science,1990,114(3):243-248.

[18] IRIKI T,ITOH K,ABE M.Weight gain,N-balance and excretion of purine derivatives into urine in calves aged 3-6 months and fed diets differing in CP level and in N-source[J].Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho,1989,60(10):916-922.

[19] 中华人民共和国农业部.NY/T 816-2004肉羊饲养标准[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2004.

[20] 熊本海,罗清尧,赵峰,等.中国饲料成分及营养价值表(2015年第26版)制订说明[J].饲料广角,2015(21):21-31.

[21] 淡瑞芳,张海涛,龙瑞军,等.藏系绵羊瘤胃细菌数量及其放牧地牧草养分随季节变化的研究[J].草业学报,2009,18(1):100-104.

[22] 李晓鹏,周围,王虎成,等.高效液相色谱法对牦牛血浆与尿中嘌呤衍生物及肌酐含量的测定[J].分析测试学报,2009,28(7):867-871.

[23] AOAC.Official methods of analysis of Association of Official Analytical Chemists[S].15th ed.Washington,D.C.:Association of Official Analytical Chemists,1990.

[24] CHEN X B,CHEN Y K,FRANKLIN M F,et al.The effect of feed intake and body weight on purine derivative excretion and microbial protein supply in sheep[J].Journal of Animal Science,1992,70(5):1534-1542.

[25] ZHANG Y,ZHOU J W,GUO X S,et al.Influences of dietary nitrogen and non-fiber carbohydrate levels on apparent digestibility,rumen fermentation and nitrogen utilization in growing yaks fed low quality forage based-diet[J].Livestock Science,2012,147(1/2/3):139-147.

[26] CHEN X B,SUBBA D B,ØRSKOV E R,et al.Nuclear based technologies for estimating microbial protein supply in ruminant livestock:purine nitrogen index,potentially a new parameter for rapid feed evaluation in ruminants[C]//Proceedings of the Second Research Coordination Meeting of a Coordinated Research Project.Vienna,Austria:FAO,1998:97-110.

[27] BALCELLS J,GUADA J A,CASTRILLO C,et al.Urinary excretion of allantoin and allantoin precursors by sheep after different rates of purine infusion into the duodenum[J].The Journal of Agricultural Science,1991,116(2):309-317.

[28] 钟伟,龙瑞军,LIANG J B,等.不同比例香根草日粮对沼泽性水牛尿嘌呤衍生物排出量的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2007,42(1):25-29.

[29] CHEN X B.Excretion of purine derivatives by sheep and cattle and its use for the estimation of absorbed microbial protein[D].Ph.D.Thesis.Aberdeen:University of Aberdeen,1989.

[30] CHEN X B,GOMES M J.Estimation of microbial protein supply to sheep and cattle based on urinary excretion of purine derivatives.An overview of technical details[C]//International Feed Resources Unit,Occasional Publication.Aberdeen,UK:Rowett Research Institute,1995.

[31] 李丽莉,梁坤,韦升菊,等.不同日粮采食水平对青年母水牛尿中嘌呤衍生物排出规律的影响研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医(科技版),2009(23):11-14.

[32] 王惟惟,王传洋,郝力壮,等.饲粮氮水平对牦牛尿嘌呤衍生物排出量与瘤胃微生物氮产量的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(11):3932-3941.

[33] DESHPANDE K Y,MEHRA U R,SINGH P,et al.Purine derivatives concentration in body fluids as influenced by different energy levels in dairy cows[J].The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences,2011,81(12):1244-1247.

[34] FUJIHARA T,SHEM M N,NAKAMURA K.Effect of dietary energy levels on the urinary excretion of purine derivatives in sheep[J].Animal Science Journal,2005,76(5):441-445.

[35] CHEN X B,SAMARAWEERA L,KYLE D J,et al.Urinary excretion of purine derivatives and tissue xanthine oxidase (EC 1.2.3.2) activity in buffaloes (Bubalis bubalis) with special reference to differences between buffaloes and Bos taurus cattle[J].British Journal of Nutrition,1996,75(3):397-407.

[36] JETANA T,SUTHIKRAI W,USAWANG S,et al.The effects of concentrate added to pineapple (Ananas Comosus Linn. Mer.) waste silage in differing ratios to form complete diets,on digestion,excretion of urinary purine derivatives and blood metabolites in growing,male,Thai swamp buffaloes[J].Tropical Animal Health and Production,2009,41(4):449-459.

[37] 刘浩,周建伟,张瑛,等.燕麦干草对藏羊尿中嘌呤衍生物、肌酐及马尿酸排出量的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2014,35(9):38-44.

[38] 马涛.肉羊瘤胃微生物蛋白质合成量预测方法的研究[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2014.

[39] NRC.Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle[S].7th ed.Washington,D.C.:The National Academies,2001.

[40] NRC.Nutrient requeriments of beef cattle[S].Washington,D.C.:The National Academies,1996.

[41] 马涛.肉羊瘤胃微生物蛋白质合成量预测方法的研究[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2014.

[42] MAKKAR H P S,CHEN X B.Estimation of microbial protein supply in ruminants using urinary purine derivatives[M].Netherlands:Springer,2004.

[43] WANG H C,LONG R J,LIANG J B,et al.Comparison of nitrogen metabolism in yak (Bos grunniens) and indigenous cattle (Bos taurus) on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2011,24(6):766-773.

Options

Outlines

模态框（Modal）标题

Abstract

Cite this article

References