Effects of Low Temperature Stress on Antioxidant Indexes and Cold-Resistance Gene Expression of Apis cerana cerana during Over-Wintering Period

XIA Zhenyu, QIN Ming, WANG Hongfang, LIU Zhenguo, WANG Ying, ZHANG Weixing, XU Baohua

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.03.030

2019 , Vol. 31 >Issue 3: 1250 - 1258

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.03.030

Molecular Nutrition

Effects of Low Temperature Stress on Antioxidant Indexes and Cold-Resistance Gene Expression of Apis cerana cerana during Over-Wintering Period

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College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China

Received date: 2018-08-20

Online published: 2019-03-18

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Abstract

The cold damage caused by the low temperature environment is one of the main factors restricting the development of Apis cerana cerana colonies in beekeeping production. In this study, the changes of antioxidant indexes and cold-resistance gene expression of Apis cerana cerana during over-wintering period under low temperature stress were observed, and the cold damage mechanism of low temperature stress on bees was explored. Apis cerana cerana during the wintering period in northern China as the study subject. A total of 900 wintering worker bees in the bee colony were randomly divided into six groups including one control group and five test groups, each group had three replicates, and each replicate had fifty bees. Bees in the five test groups were kept in the laboratory, and exposed under low temperature (16℃) for 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 min, respectively, while bees in the control group without any treatment. After exposure, twenty bee samples were taken from each group and immediately placed in liquid nitrogen for storage. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) of bees were determined, and five cold-resistance genes protein lethal (2) essential for life[l(2)efl], SOD, trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS), vitellogenin (Vg) and catalase (CAT) relative expression levels were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR method. The results showed as follows:1) under the low temperature stress, the T-AOC and the activities of SOD and CAT of Apis cerana cerana gradually increased with the prolongation of low temperature exposure time (P<0.05), and all of them reached the highest after low temperature exposure 90 min, they were (57.62±5.95) U/mL, (21.39±1.77) U/mL and (27.24±2.41) U/mL, respectively, and there were significant differences with the control group (P<0.05). 2) Under the low temperature stress, with the prolongation of low temperature exposure time, the relative expression level of L(2)efl gene of Apis cerana cerana was up-regulated, the relative expression levels of TPS and SOD genes were up-regulated first and then down-regulated, while the relative expression level of CAT gene was in lower level constantly. Compared with the control group, the relative expression level of L(2)efl gene in five test groups was significantly increased (P<0.05), the relative expression level of TPS gene in low temperature exposure 15 and 30 min groups was significantly increased (P<0.05), the relative expression level of Vg gene in low temperature exposure 30 and 45 min groups was significantly increased (P<0.05) and in low temperature exposure 60 min group was significantly decreased (P<0.05), the relative expression level of CAT gene in low temperature exposure 15, 30, 45 and 60 min groups was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the relative expression level of SOD gene in low temperature exposure 15, 30, 45 and 60 min groups was significantly increased (P<0.05). In conclusion, under the low temperature stress, the defense ability of antioxidant system of Apis cerana cerana during over-wintering period is stronger, cold-resistance genes L(2)efl, TPS and SOD are expressed in a higher level and CAT gene is expressed in a lower level. It is indicated that Apis cerana cerana to low temperature stress exists the physiological mechanism of cold tolerance response.

Key words： Apis cerana cerana; low temperature stress; antioxidant; cold-resistance genes

Cite this article

XIA Zhenyu, QIN Ming, WANG Hongfang, LIU Zhenguo, WANG Ying, ZHANG Weixing, XU Baohua . Effects of Low Temperature Stress on Antioxidant Indexes and Cold-Resistance Gene Expression of Apis cerana cerana during Over-Wintering Period[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2019 , 31(3) : 1250 -1258 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.03.030

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