Effects of Rumen-Protected Glucose on Jejunal Bacterial Community and Expression of Genes Involved in Mucosal Metabolism and Immune of Dairy Cows in Transition Period

ZHANG Xiaoli, WU Jian, HAN Xuefeng, TAN Zhiliang, JIAO Jinzhen

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.07.025

2019 , Vol. 31 >Issue 7: 3143 - 3155

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.07.025

Molecular Nutrition

Effects of Rumen-Protected Glucose on Jejunal Bacterial Community and Expression of Genes Involved in Mucosal Metabolism and Immune of Dairy Cows in Transition Period

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1. Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central of Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received date: 2018-12-29

Online published: 2019-07-19

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Abstract

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of rumen-protected glucose (RPG) on jejunal bacterial community and expression of genes involved in mucosal metabolism and immune of dairy cows in transition period. Ten lactating Holstein dairy cattle aged 4 to 5 years and body weight of (515±42) kg were randomly divided into two groups, and each group had 5 cows. Cows in control (CON) group and RPG group were fed the same basal diet, and cows in CON group were given 90 g rumen-protected fat per day and per cow, while cows in RPG group were given 200 g RPG per day and per cow. The pre-test was 14 days (from day 21 to 8 of prepartum), and the test was 21 days (from day 7 of prepartum to day 14 of postpartum). After the test, all cows (10 cows) were slaughtered, and jejunal chyme samples were taken from mid-jejunum to measure volatile fatty acid (VFA) and bacterial community; the jejunal mucosa samples were taken to analyze the expression of genes involved in mucosal metabolism and immune. The results showed that RPG supplementation tended to decrease (P=0.094) the total VFA content in jejunal chyme compared with CON group. Compared with CON group, RPG supplementation significantly up-regulated or tended to up-regulate the expression levels of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) (P=0.063), pyruvic carboxylase (PC) (P=0.016), occludin (P=0.016) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP5) (P=0.032)in jejunal mucosa, while significantly down-regulated or tended to down-regulated the expression levels of interleukin-22 (IL-22) (P=0.016), matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) (P=0.016), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) (P=0.032), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) (P=0.063), interleukin-17A (IL-17A) (P=0.063)and interleukin-26 (IL-26) (P=0.063) in jejunal mucosa. Concurrently, an increase in the population of Clostridial cluster ⅪⅤ was observed in the RPG group compared with CON group (P=0.036). In conclusion, dietary supplemented with RPG can improve the glucose metabolism, enhance the immunity and promote the colonization of beneficial Clostridial cluster ⅪⅤ in jejunum of dairy cows in transition period, and then alleviate the harmful effects caused by negative energy balance in transition period promote and alleviate local inflammation.

Key words： transition period; dairy cows; jejunum; gene expression; metabolism; immune; microflora

Cite this article

ZHANG Xiaoli, WU Jian, HAN Xuefeng, TAN Zhiliang, JIAO Jinzhen . Effects of Rumen-Protected Glucose on Jejunal Bacterial Community and Expression of Genes Involved in Mucosal Metabolism and Immune of Dairy Cows in Transition Period[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2019 , 31(7) : 3143 -3155 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.07.025

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