Effects of Oregano Essential Oil and Monensin on Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Microbial Structure of Holstein Calves

  • BAI Yan ,
  • WANG Cailian ,
  • LANG Xia ,
  • LIU Ting ,
  • GONG Xuyin ,
  • SHI Xiaolei ,
  • ZHANG Rui ,
  • WU Jianping
Expand
  • 1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
    2. Institute of Animal and Pasture Science and Green Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China

Received date: 2019-01-29

  Online published: 2019-08-19

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of oregano essential oil and monensin on rumen fermentation parameters and microflora structure of Holstein calves. Eighty Holstein calves with body weight of (41.31±2.23) kg were randomly divided into 4 groups with 20 calves in each group. Calves in the oregano essential oil group were fed the starter supplemented with 4.0 g/kg oregano essential oil, calves in the monensin group were fed the starter supplemented with 3.6 g/kg monensin, calves in the mix group were fed the starter supplemented with 4.0 g/kg oregano essential oil+3.6 g/kg monensin, and others in the control group were fed the starter without feed additive. After feeding 70 days, three calves with similar body weight were randomly selected each group, the rumen fluid of every calf was sampled to detect rumen fermentation parameters, and the rumen fluid bacterial structure and diversity was determined by high-throughput sequencing method. The results showed as follows:1) the content of ammonia nitrogen in rumen fluid of monensin group and mix group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), and the percentage of propionate in rumen fluid of monensin group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). 2) At phylum level, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in rumen fluid of oregano essential oil group, and monensin group and mix group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.01), the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in rumen fluid of monensin group was trend to higher than that of the control group (0.05 ≤ P<0.10). 3) At genus level, the relative abundance of Prevotella in rumen fluid of oregano essential oil group, monensin group and mix group was trend to higher than that of the control group (0.05 ≤ P<0.10); the relative abundance of Butyrivibrio in rumen fluid of oregano essential oil group was trend to lower than that of the control group (0.05 ≤ P<0.10); the relative abundance of Olsenella in rumen fluid of monensin group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05), the relative abundance of Ruminococcus and Butyrivibrio in rumen fluid of monensin group was trend to lower than that of the control group (0.05 ≤ P<0.10); and the relative abundance of Clostridium in rumen fluid of mix group was trend to lower than that of the control group (0.05 ≤ P<0.10). In conclusion, dietary oregano essential oil can regulate the rumen microflora structure, increase the relative abundance of protein-degrading bacteria in the rumen of calves, and decrease the relative abundance of butyrate producing bacteria, moreover, it can avoid or buffer the harm of healthy microflora by monensin.

Cite this article

BAI Yan , WANG Cailian , LANG Xia , LIU Ting , GONG Xuyin , SHI Xiaolei , ZHANG Rui , WU Jianping . Effects of Oregano Essential Oil and Monensin on Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Microbial Structure of Holstein Calves[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2019 , 31(8) : 3763 -3775 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.08.038

References

[1] CALSAMIGLIA S,CASTILLEJOS L,BUSQUET M.Alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters in cattle[M].Nottingham:Nottingham University Press,2006,63(4):129-167.
[2] CHATTOPADHYAY M K.Use of antibiotics as feed additives:a burning question[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2014,5:334.
[3] KHIAOSA-ARD R,ZEBELI Q.Meta-analysis of the effects of essential oils and their bioactive compounds on rumen fermentation characteristics and feed efficiency in ruminants[J].Journal of Animal Science,2013,91(4):1819-1830.  
[4] WALLACE R J.Antimicrobial properties of plant secondary metabolites[J].Proceedings of the Nutrition Society,2004,63(4):621-629.  
[5] ÇETIN B,ÇAKMAKÇI S,ÇAKMAKÇI R.The investigation of antimicrobial activity of thyme and oregano essential oils[J].Science of the Total Environment,2011,35:145-154.
[6] BAKKALI F,AVERBECK S,AVERBECK D,et al.Biological effects of essential oils-A review[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology,2008,46(2):446-475.  
[7] LEI Z M,ZHANG K,LI C,et al.Ruminal metagenomic analyses of goat data reveals potential functional microbiota by supplementation with essential oil-cobalt complexes[J].BMC Microbiology,2019,19(1):30.
[8] BEN-ARFA A,COMBES S,PREZIOSI-BELLOY L,et al.Antimicrobial activity of carvacrol related to its chemical structure[J].Letters in Applied Microbiology,2010,43(2):149-154.
[9] PIZZALE L,BORTOLOMEAZZI R,VICHI S,et al.Antioxidant activity of sage (Salvia officinalis and S. fruticosa) and oregano (Origanum onites and O. indercedens) extracts related to their phenolic compound content[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2002,82(14):1645-1651.  
[10] BAYDAR H,SAGDIÇ O,ÖZKAN G,et al.Antibacterial activity and composition of essential oils from Origanum,Thymbra and Satureja species with commercial importance in Turkey[J].Food Control,2004,15(3):169-172.  
[11] OZKAN G,BAYDAR H,ERBAS S.The influence of harvest time on essential oil composition,phenolic constituents and antioxidant properties of Turkish oregano (Origanum onites L.)[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2010,90(2):205-209.  
[12] PARASKEVAKIS N.Effects of dietary Greek oregano (Origanum vulgare ssp.hirtum) supplementation on rumen fermentation,enzyme profile and microbial communities in goats[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2017,102(3):701-705.
[13] DORMAN H J D,DEANS S G.Antimicrobial agents from plants:antibacterial of plant volatile oils[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2000,88(2):308-316.  
[14] MATHLOUTHI N,BOUZAIENNE T,OUESLATI I,et al.Use of rosemary,oregano,and a commercial blend of essential oils in broiler chickens:in vitro antimicrobial activities and effects on growth performance[J].Journal of Animal Science,2012,90(3):813-823.  
[15] PATRA A K,YU Z T.Essential oils affect populations of some rumen bacteria in vitro as revealed by microarray (rumen bactarray) analysis[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2015,6:297.
[16] NRC.Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle[S].7th ed.Washington,D.C.:National Academies Press,2001.
[17] 中华人民共和国农业部.NY/T815-2004肉牛饲养标准[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2004.
[18] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 6435-2014饲料中水分的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2015.
[19] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 6433-006饲料中粗脂肪的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.
[20] 国家技术监督局.GB/T 6432-1994饲料中粗蛋白测定方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1994.
[21] VAN SOEST P J,ROBERTSON J B,LEWIS B A.Symposium:carbohydrate methodology,metabolism and nutritional implications in dairy cattle.Methods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber,and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(10):3583-3597.  
[22] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 6438-2007饲料中粗灰分的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[23] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB/T 6436-2002饲料中钙的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.
[24] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB/T 6437-2002饲料中总磷的测定分光光度法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.
[25] MAGOC T,SALZBERG S L.FLASH:fast length adjustment of short reads to improve genome assemblies[J].Bioinformatics,2011,27(21):2957-2963.  
[26] 冯宗慈,高民.通过比色测定瘤胃液氨氮含量方法的改进[J].内蒙古畜牧科学,1993(4):40-41.
[27] KEMP P F,ALLER J Y.Bacterial diversity in aquatic and other environments:what 16S rDNA libraries can tell us[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,2004,47(2):161-177.  
[28] SAR C,SANTOSO B,MWENYA B,et al.Manipulation of rumen methanogenesis by the combination of nitrate with β,1-4 galacto-oligosaccharides or nisin in sheep[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2004,115(1/2):129-142.
[29] KIM M,MORRISON M,YU Z T.Status of the phylogenetic diversity census of ruminal microbiomes[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,2011,76(1):49-63.  
[30] CREEVEY C J,KELLY W J,HENDERSON G,et al.Determining the culturability of the rumen bacterial microbiome[J].Microbial Biotechnology,2014,7(5):467-479.  
[31] LEY R E,LOZUPONE C A,HAMADY M,et al.Worlds within worlds:evolution of the vertebrate gut microbiota[J].Nature Reviews Microbiology,2008,6(10):776-778.  
[32] SINGH K M,AHIR V B,TRIPATHI A K,et al.Metagenomic analysis of Surti buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) rumen:a preliminary study[J].Molecular Biology Reports,2012,39(4):4841-4848.  
[33] LI W C,HOU Q C,WANG Y J,et al.Analysis of the gut microbial diversity of dairy cows during peak lactation by pacbio single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing[J].Current Microbiology,2018,75(10):1316-1323.  
[34] ALIPOUR M J,JALANKA J,PESSA-MORIKAWA T,et al.The composition of the perinatal intestinal microbiota in cattle[J].Scientific Reports,2018,8:10437.
[35] PENG S,YIN J G,LIU X L,et al.First insights into the microbial diversity in the omasum and reticulum of bovine using Illumina sequencing[J].Journal of Applied Genetics,2015,56(3):393-401.  
[36] CHEN Y H,PENNER G B,LI M J,et al.Changes in bacterial diversity associated with epithelial tissue in the beef cow rumen during the transition to a high-grain diet[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2011,77(16):5770-5781.  
[37] 丁赫,刘旺景,敖长金等.饲粮中添加沙葱粉或复合益生菌制剂对杜寒杂交羊瘤胃发酵参数和瘤胃液菌群多样性的影响[J].动物营养学报,2019,33(1):324-333.
[38] SHEN J S,LIU Z,YU Z T,et al.Monensin and nisin affect rumen fermentation and microbiota differently in vitro[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2017,8:1111.
[39] JAMI E,ISRAEL A,KOTSER A,et al.Exploring the bovine rumen bacterial community from birth to adulthood[J].Microbial Ecology,2013,7(6):1069-1079.
[40] REY M,ENJALBERT F,COMBES S,et al.Establishment of ruminal bacterial community in dairy calves from birth to weaning is sequential[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2013,116(2):245-257.
[41] BURT S.Essential oils:their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods-a review[J].International Journal of Food Microbiology,2004,94(3):223-253.  
[42] WILLIAMS K P,KELLY D P.Proposal for a new class within the phylum Proteobacteria,Acidithiobacillia classis nov.,with the type order Acidithiobacillales,and emended description of the class Gammaproteobacteria[J].International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology,2013,63(8):2901-2906.
[43] PURUSHE J,FOUTS D E,MORRISON M,et al.Comparative genome analysis of Prevotella ruminicola and Prevotella bryantii:insights into their environmental niche[J].Microbial Ecology,2010,60(4):721-729.  
[44] FLINT H J,BAYER E A,RINCON M T,et al.Polysaccharide utilization by gut bacteria:potential for new insights from genomic analysis[J].Nature Reviews Microbiology,2008,6(2):121-131.  
[45] WEIMER P J,STEVENSON D M,MERTENS D R,et al.Effect of monensin feeding and withdrawal on populations of individual bacterial species in the rumen of lactating dairy cows fed high-starch rations[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2008,80(1):135-145.  
[46] SCHÄREN M,DRONG C,KIRI K,et al.Differential effects of monensin and a blend of essential oils on rumen microbiota composition of transition dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2017,100(4):2765-2783.  
[47] PATRA A K,YU Z T.Effects of essential oils on methane production and fermentation by,and abundance and diversity of,rumen microbial populations[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2012,78(12):4271-4280.  
[48] BENCHAAR C,CHAVES A V,FRASER G R,et al.Effects of essential oils and their components on in vitro rumen microbial fermentation[J].Canadian Journal of Animal Science,2007,87(3):413-419.  
[49] JEYANATHAN J,MARTIN C,MORGAVI D P.The use of direct-fed microbials for mitigation of ruminant methane emissions:a review[J].Animal,2013,8(2):250-261.
[50] OZUTSUMI Y,TAJIMA K,TAKENAKA A,et al.The effect of protozoa on the composition of rumen bacteria in cattle using 16S rRNA gene clone libraries[J].Bioscience,Biotechnology,and Biochemistry,2005,69(3):499-506.  
[51] CHO S J,CHO K M,SHIN E C,et al.16S rDNA analysis of bacterial diversity in three fractions of cow rumen[J].Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology,2006,16(1):92-101.
[52] STEWART C S,FLINT H J,BRYANT M P.The rumen bacteria[M]//The rumen microbial ecosystem.Dordrecht:Springer,1997:10-72.
[53] MCINTOSH F M,WILLIAMS P,LOSA R,et al.Effects of essential oils on ruminal microorganisms and their protein metabolism[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2003,69(8):5011-5014.  
[54] BUSQUET M,CALSAMIGLIA S,FERRET A,et al.Plant extracts affect in vitro rumen microbial fermentation[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2006,89(2):761-771.  
[55] CASTILLEJOS L,CALSAMIGLIA S,FERRET A.Effect of essential oil active compounds on rumen microbial fermentation and nutrient flow in in vitro systems[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2006,89(7):2649-2658.  
[56] CAPELARI M,POWERS W.The effect of nitrate and monensin on in vitro ruminal fermentation[J].Journal of Animal Science,2017,95(11):5112-5123.  
[57] RUIZ R,ALBRECHT G L,TEDESCHI L O,et al.Effect of monensin on the performance and nitrogen utilization of lactating dairy cows consuming fresh forage[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2001,84(7):1717-1727.  
[58] FONTY G,JOBLIN K,CHAVAROT M,et al.Establishment and development of ruminal hydrogenotrophs in methanogen-free lambs[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2007,73(20):6391-6403.  
[59] ZENED A,COMBES S,CAUQUIL L,et al.Microbial ecology of the rumen evaluated by 454 GS FLX pyrosequencing is affected by starch and oil supplementation of diets[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,2012,83(2):504-514.
[60] 张昌吉,刘哲,郝正里,等.含不同秸秆的全饲粮颗粒料对绵羊瘤胃代谢参数的影响[J].草业科学,2008,25(1):82-86.
[61] MURPHY J J,KENNELLY J J.Effect of protein concentration and protein source on the degradability of dry matter and protein in situ[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1987,70(9):1841-1849.  
Outlines

/