Effects of Dietary Fiber on Growth Performance, Relative Weight of Organs and mRNA Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines in Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Piglets

SUN Xiao; LI Zidan; LIU Hua; GUO Zhiguo; LI Defeng; ZHU Xiaoyan; LI Zhentian; WANG Chengzhang; CUI Yalei; SHI Yinghua

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.11.016

2019 , Vol. 31 >Issue 11: 5018 - 5028

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.11.016

Effects of Dietary Fiber on Growth Performance, Relative Weight of Organs and mRNA Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines in Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Piglets

SUN Xiao ,
LI Zidan ,
LIU Hua ,
GUO Zhiguo ,
LI Defeng ,
ZHU Xiaoyan ,
LI Zhentian ,
WANG Chengzhang ,
CUI Yalei ,
SHI Yinghua

Expand

1. College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
2. Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
3. Henan Engineering Research Center for Forage, Zhengzhou 450002, China

Received date: 2019-05-06

Online published: 2019-11-19

Fold

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary fiber on growth performance, relative weight of organs and mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged piglets. The experiment was designed as 2×2 double-factor trial design and the two factors were dietary fiber (basal diet or basal diet supplemented with 2% fiber) and LPS challenge (injection of LPS or physiological saline). Ninety-six healthy 34-day-old Duroc×Landrace×Large White piglets[average body weight was (7.93±0.03) kg] were selected and the selected piglets were randomly divided into 4 treatments according to the principle of similar body weight with 3 replicates in each treatment and 8 piglets per replicate. Piglets in treatments 1 and 3 were fed a basal diet, while piglets in treatments 2 and 4 were fed the basal diet supplemented with 2% fiber. The experimental period was 28 days. On the 16th and 28th day of the experiment, the piglets in treatments 3 and 4 were intraperitoneally injected with 100 μg/kg BW of LPS, and the piglets in treatments 1 and 2 were intraperitoneally injected with the same amount of physiological saline. On the 28th day, piglets were slaughtered at 12 h after injection of LPS or physiological saline. And, samples of heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and thymus were obtained for determination. The mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in heart, liver, spleen and thymus were measured by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The results demonstrated as follows:1) LPS challenge significantly reduced the average daily feed intake and average daily gain of piglets during whole experiment period (P<0.05), while the addition of fiber to the diet had a tendency to increase the average daily gain of piglets (P=0.076). LPS challenge significantly increased the feed/gain of piglets during days 16 to 22 (P<0.05), while the addition of fiber to the diet significantly decreased the feed/gain of piglets during whole experiment period (P<0.05). 2) The addition of fiber to the diet significantly increased the relative weight of thymus of piglets (P<0.05), tended to increase the relative weight of heart (P=0.054). The relative weights of liver, spleen and lung increased, but the differences were not significant (P>0.05). 3) The mRNA of inflammatory cytokines expressed in heart, thymus, liver and spleen. The expression level of IL-1β mRNA was highest in the thymus of piglets, which was significantly higher than that in heart, liver and spleen (P<0.05). The expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA in the spleen of piglets were the highest, which were significantly higher than those in heart, liver and thymus (P<0.05). 4) LPS challenge increased the expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA in liver of piglets(P>0.05), and increased the expression level of IL-6 mRNA in thymus (P>0.05), while the addition of fiber to the diet decreased the expression level of TNF-α mRNA in spleen (P>0.05) and significantly decreased the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA in thymus (P<0.05). Comprehensively, the results indicate that LPS challenge decrease the growth performance of piglets, while the addition of fiber to the diet can increase the relative weight of immune organs of piglets, reduce the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in the thymus, alleviate the inflammatory response caused by LPS challenge, improve the growth performance of piglets and reduce the negative effects of immune stress on piglets.

Key words： dietary fiber; lipopolysaccharide; piglets; relative weight of organs; inflammatory cytokines

Cite this article

SUN Xiao , LI Zidan , LIU Hua , GUO Zhiguo , LI Defeng , ZHU Xiaoyan , LI Zhentian , WANG Chengzhang , CUI Yalei , SHI Yinghua . Effects of Dietary Fiber on Growth Performance, Relative Weight of Organs and mRNA Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines in Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Piglets[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2019 , 31(11) : 5018 -5028 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.11.016

References

[1] LALLÈS J P,BOSI P,SMIDT H,et al.Weaning-a challenge to gut physiologists[J].Livestock Science,2007,108(1/2/3):82-93.
[2] CHEN F,LIU Y L,ZHU H L,et al.Fish oil attenuates liver injury caused by LPS in weaned pigs associated with inhibition of TLR4 and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein signaling pathways[J].Innate Immunity,2013,19(5):504-515.

[3] JACOBI S K,GABLER N K,AJUWON K M,et al.Adipocytes,myofibers,and cytokine biology:new horizons in the regulation of growth and body composition[J].Journal of Animal Science,2006,84(Suppl.13):E140-E149.
[4] CHESNOKOVA V,MELMED S.Minireview:neuro-immuno-endocrine modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis by gp130 signaling molecules[J].Endocrinology,2002,143(5):1571-1574.

[5] LEONARD B E.The HPA and immune axes in stress:the involvement of the serotonergic system[J].European Psychiatry,2005,20(Suppl.3):S302-S306.
[6] 陈渝.精氨酸对免疫应激断奶仔猪细胞膜表面TLRs基因表达的影响及作用途径研究[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2012.
[7] LIU Y L,CHEN F,ODLE J,et al.Fish oil enhances intestinal integrity and inhibits TLR4 and NOD2 signaling pathways in weaned pigs after LPS challenge[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2012,142(11):2017-2024.

[8] KASUBUCHI M,HASEGAWA S,HIRAMATSU T,et al.Dietary gut microbial metabolites,short-chain fatty acids,and host metabolic regulation[J].Nutrients,2015,7(4):2839-2849.

[9] LIU Y L,LI D F,GONG L M,et al.Effects of fish oil supplementation on the performance and the immunological,adrenal,and somatotropic responses of weaned pigs after an Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide challenge[J].Journal of Animal Science,2003,81(11):2758-2765.

[10] LIU Y L,GONG L M,LI D F,et al.Effects of fish oil on lymphocyte proliferation,cytokine production and intracellular signalling in weanling pigs[J].Archives of Animal Nutrition,2003,57(3):151-165.

[11] 徐立蛟,贺喜,成廷水.膳食纤维在母猪营养中的应用[J].饲料工业,2012,33(23):12-15.
[12] KHERAVII S K,SWICK R A,CHOCT M,et al.Coarse particle inclusion and lignocellulose-rich fiber addition in feed benefit performance and health of broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2017,96(9):3272-3281.

[13] BAREA R,NIETO R,LARA L,et al.Effects of dietary protein content and feeding level on carcass characteristics and organ weights of Iberian pigs growing between 50 and 100 kg live weight[J].Animal Science,2006,82(3):405-413.

[14] LIVAK K J,SCHMITTGEN T D.Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2^-ΔΔCt method[J].Methods,2001,25(4):402-408.

[15] JOHNSON R W.Inhibition of growth by pro-inflammatory cytokines:an integrated view[J].Journal of Animal Science,1997,75(5):1244-1255.

[16] 朱惠玲,刘玉兰,郭广伦,等.牛膝多糖对免疫应激仔猪生长性能、炎性介质和内分泌激素的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2011,47(5):48-51.
[17] MAO X F,PIAO X S,LAI C H,et al.Effects of β-glucan obtained from the Chinese herb Astragalus membranaceus and lipopolysaccharide challenge on performance,immunological,adrenal,and somatotropic responses of weanling pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2005,83(12):2775-2782.

[18] COOK M E,MILLER C C,PARK Y,et al.Immune modulation by altered nutrient metabolism:nutritional control of immune-induced growth depression[J].Poultry Science,1993,72(7):1301-1305.

[19] GABLER N K,SPURLOCK M E.Integrating the immune system with the regulation of growth and efficiency[J].Journal of Animal Science,2008,86(Suppl.14):E64-E74.
[20] GERRITSEN R,VAN DER AAR P,MOLIST F.Insoluble nonstarch polysaccharides in diets for weaned piglets[J].Journal of Animal Science,2012,90(Suppl.4):318-320.
[21] 王莲香.日粮纤维对断奶仔猪肠道健康和生产性能的影响[J].养殖与饲料,2018(9):59-60.
[22] HERMES R G,MOLIST F,YWAZAKI M,et al.Effect of dietary level of protein and fiber on the productive performance and health status of piglets[J].Journal of Animal Science,2009,87(11):3569-3577.

[23] MONTAGNE L,PLUSKE J R,HAMPSON D J.A review of interactions between dietary fibre and the intestinal mucosa,and their consequences on digestive health in young non-ruminant animals[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2003,108(1/2/3/4):95-117.
[24] MOLIST F,VAN OOSTRUM M,PÉREZ J F,et al.Relevance of functional properties of dietary fibre in diets for weanling pigs[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2014,189:1-10.
[25] MASLOWSKI K M,MACKAY C R.Diet,gut microbiota and immune responses[J].Nature Immunology,2011,12(1):5-9.

[26] LIU B S,WANG W J,ZHU X Y,et al.Response of gut microbiota to dietary fiber and metabolic interaction with SCFAs in piglets[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2018,9:2344.
[27] 张世炎,麦海,胡杰,等.板齿鼠内脏器官的重量和含水量的季节变化[J].四川动物,2005,24(4):481-484.
[28] JUNQUEIRA L C U,CARNEIRO J.Basic histology:text & atlas[M].New York:McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.,2010.
[29] MOESER A J,POHL C S,RAJPUT M.Weaning stress and gastrointestinal barrier development:implications for lifelong gut health in pigs[J].Animal Nutrition,2017,3(4):313-321.

[30] 李素芬,冯敏山,阎国红.生化黄腐酸对肉用仔鸡生产性能及免疫器官的影响[J].中国饲料,2000(14):14-15.
[31] VIDER J,LEHTMAA J,KULLISAAR T,et al.Acute immune response in respect to exercise-induced oxidative stress[J].Pathophysiology,2001,7(4):263-270.

[32] 黄思琪,曲红焱,黄大鹏,等.L-精氨酸对冷应激仔猪生长性能、免疫功能及肝脏、肾脏中肿瘤坏死因子-α、干扰素-γ基因表达量的影响[J].动物营养学报,2019,31(1):131-139.
[33] CARABAÑO R,BADIOLA I,CHAMORRO S,et al.Review.New trends in rabbit feeding:influence of nutrition on intestinal health[J].Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research,2008,6(Special issue):15-25.
[34] CHEN H,MAO X B,HE J,et al.Dietary fibre affects intestinal mucosal barrier function and regulates intestinal bacteria in weaning piglets[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2013,110(10):1837-1848.

[35] 张南斌,孙瑛超,赵晓宇,等.饲粮不同粗纤维水平对生长肉兔生长性能、屠宰性能、肌肉品质及胃肠道和免疫器官发育的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(5):1789-1797.
[36] 陶志勇.日粮NDF水平对生长肉兔生产性能、营养物质利用、免疫及盲肠发酵的影响[D].硕士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学,2004.
[37] ABDOLLAHI M R,ZAEFARIAN F,HUNT H,et al.Wheat particle size,insoluble fibre sources and whole wheat feeding influence gizzard musculature and nutrient utilisation to different extents in broiler chickens[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2019,103(1):146-161.

[38] 陈逢,刘玉兰,李权,等.TLR4信号通路关键基因在断奶仔猪不同组织中的mRNA表达[J].中国畜牧杂志,2013,49(17):53-57.
[39] ZHANG L,WANG X Y,CHEN S K,et al.Medium-chain triglycerides attenuate liver injury in lipopolysaccharide-challenged pigs by inhibiting necroptotic and inflammatory signaling pathways[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2018,19(11):3697.
[40] 皮定安.天冬酰胺对脂多糖诱导的仔猪肝脏损伤和肌肉蛋白质降解的调控作用[D].硕士学位论文.武汉:武汉轻工大学,2014.
[41] CHEN S K,LIU Y L,WANG X Y,et al.Asparagine improves intestinal integrity,inhibits TLR4 and NOD signaling,and differently regulates p38 and ERK1/2 signaling in weanling piglets after LPS challenge[J].Innate Immunity,2016,22(8):577-587.

[42] ZEITZ J O,NEUFELD K,POTTHAST C,et al.Effects of dietary supplementation of the lignocelluloses FibreCell and OptiCell on performance,expression of inflammation-related genes and the gut microbiome of broilers[J].Poultry Science,2019,98(1):287-297.

Options

Outlines

模态框（Modal）标题

Abstract

Cite this article

References