Structure Changes of Rumen Bacterial Flora of Dairy Cows under Different Concentrate to Roughage Ratio Diets

  • XU Xiaofeng ,
  • HU Dandan ,
  • GUO Tingting ,
  • ZHANG Lili
Expand
  • College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China

Received date: 2019-05-23

  Online published: 2019-12-13

Abstract

The aim of this study was to reveal the changes of rumen bacterial flora structure of dairy cows under different concentrate to roughage ratio diets. Twenty-four healthy Chinese Holstein dairy cows with similar body weight, same parity and about 3 weeks postpartum were randomly divided into two groups (12 cows per group), and cows in two groups were fed with high concentrate to roughage ratio diet (60:40, HC group) and low concentrate to roughage ratio diet (40:60, LC group), respectively. The experiment lasted for 45 days. The structure changes of rumen bacterial flora of dairy cows were analyzed by 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed as follows:1) the rumen fluid propionic acid percentage of dairy cows of HC group was significantly higher than that of LC group (P<0.01), and the acetic acid/propionic acid was significantly lower than that of LC group (P<0.01). 2) The number of bacterial operational classification unit in rumen of dairy cows of HC group was significantly lower than that of LC group (P<0.01). 3) The indexes of Ace and Chao1 of LC group were significantly higher than those of HC group (P<0.05), and the indexes of Shannon and Simpson were significantly higher than those of HC group (P<0.01). 4) The abundances of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Fibrobacteres, Verrucomicrobia, SR1, Tenericutes, TM7, Lentisphaerae and Elusimicrobia in rumen of dairy cows of LC group were significantly higher than those of HC group (P<0.01), and the abundances of Proteobacteria and Spirochaetes of dairy cows of HC group were significantly higher than those of LC group (P<0.01). 5) The abundances of Fibrobacter, Ruminococcus, Succiniclasticum, Methanobrevibacter and BF311 in rumen of dairy cows of LC group were significantly higher than those of HC group (P<0.01), and the Butyrivibrio abundance was significantly higher than that of HC group (P<0.05); the abundances of Treponema, Coprococcus and Shuttleworthia in rumen of dairy cows of HC group were significantly higher than those of LC group (P<0.01), and the vadinCA11 abundance was significantly higher than that of LC group (P<0.05). In conclusion, dietary concentrate to roughage ratio significantly affect the total number and diversity of bacteria in rumen of dairy cows. Under the condition of high concentrate to roughage ratio diet, the growth of fiber-degrading bacteria in rumen is restrained, which promote the proliferation of acid-producing bacteria in rumen, thus changing the rumen fermentation mode.

Cite this article

XU Xiaofeng , HU Dandan , GUO Tingting , ZHANG Lili . Structure Changes of Rumen Bacterial Flora of Dairy Cows under Different Concentrate to Roughage Ratio Diets[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2019 , 31(12) : 5541 -5550 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2019.12.020

References

[1] ZEBELI Q,METZLER-ZEBELI B U.Interplay between rumen digestive disorders and diet-induced inflammation in dairy cattle[J].Research in Veterinary Science,2012,93(3):1099-1108.  
[2] THEODOROU M K,LOWE S E,TRINCI A P J,et al.Anaerobic fungi and the rumen ecosystem[M].New York:Marcel Dekker Publishers,1992.
[3] TRINCI A P J,DAVIES D R,GULL K,et al.Anaerobic fungi in herbivorous animals[J].Mycological Research,1994,98(2):129-152.  
[4] WRIGHT A D G,KLIEVE A V.Does the complexity of the rumen microbial ecology preclude methane mitigation?[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2011,166-167:248-253.
[5] ZHOU M,HERNANDEZ-SANABRIA E,GUAN L L.Characterization of variation in rumen methanogenic communities under different dietary and host feed efficiency conditions,as determined by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2010,76(12):3776-3786.  
[6] ROMERO-PÉREZ G A,OMINSKI K H,MCALLISTER T A,et al.Effect of environmental factors and influence of rumen and hindgut biogeography on bacterial communities in steers[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2011,77(1):258-268.  
[7] BIPIN K C,RAMESH P T,YATHIRAJ S.Impact of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) on milk yield and milk fat content in crossbred dairy cows[J].Paripex-Indian Journal of Research,2016,5(4):290-292.
[8] PLAIZIER J C,KRAUSE D O,GOZHO G N,et al.Subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows:the physiological causes,incidence and consequences[J].The Veterinary Journal,2008,176(1):21-31.  
[9] AOAC.Official methods of analysis[S].15th ed.Artington,Virginia:Association of Official Analytical Chemists,1990.
[10] VAN SOEST P J,ROBERTSON J B,LEWIS B A.Methods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber,and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(10):3583-3597.  
[11] 冯宗慈,高民.通过比色测定瘤胃液氨氮含量方法的改进[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2010,31(6/7):37.
[12] 曹庆云,周武艺,朱贵钊,等.气相色谱测定羊瘤胃液中挥发性脂肪酸方法研究[J].中国饲料,2006(24):26-28.
[13] 张瑞阳,王东升,朱伟云,等.高精料对奶牛瘤胃发酵及异常代谢产物脂多糖变化的影响[C]//中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会第十一次全国动物营养学术研讨会论文集.长沙:中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会,2012.
[14] MERCHEN N R,FIRKINS J L,BERGER L L.Effect of intake and forage level on ruminal turnover rates,bacterial protein synthesis and duodenal amino acid flows in sheep[J].Journal of Animal Science,1986,62(1):216-225.  
[15] GIGER-REVERDIN S,RIGALMA K,DESNOYERS M,et al.Effect of concentrate level on feeding behavior and rumen and blood parameters in dairy goats:relationships between behavioral and physiological parameters and effect of between-animal variability[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2014,97(7):4367-4378.  
[16] SERMENT A,SCHMIDELY P,GIGER-REVERDIN S,et al.Effects of the percentage of concentrate on rumen fermentation,nutrient digestibility,plasma metabolites,and milk composition in mid-lactation goats[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(8):3960-3972.  
[17] 郭盼盼,严昌国,高青山,等.日粮精粗比对延边黄牛瘤胃发酵特性及微生物区系的影响[J].饲料研究,2015(21):36-41.
[18] RAJENDHRAN J,GUNASEKARAN P.Microbial phylogeny and diversity:small subunit ribosomal RNA sequence analysis and beyond[J].Microbiological Research,2011,166(2):99-110.  
[19] 赵广存.牛瘤胃未培养微生物纤维素酶基因的克隆、鉴定及表达[D].硕士学位论文.南宁:广西大学,2005.
[20] MULLINS C R,MAMEDOVA L K,CARPENTER A J,et al.Analysis of rumen microbial populations in lactating dairy cattle fed diets varying in carbohydrate profiles and Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2013,96(9):5872-5881.  
[21] JI S K,JIANG C G,LI R,et al.Growth performance and rumen microorganism differ between segregated weaning lambs and grazing lambs[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2016,15(4):872-878.  
[22] BENCHAAR C,LETTAT A,HASSANAT F,et al.Eugenol for dairy cows fed low or high concentrate diets:effects on digestion,ruminal fermentation characteristics,rumen microbial populations and milk fatty acid profile[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2012,178(3/4):139-150.
[23] 刘玉洁.高谷物日粮对山羊瘤胃微生物区系和瘤胃、血清、肝脏中代谢物组成的影响[D].硕士学位论文.南京:南京农业大学,2015.
[24] KONG Y H,TEATHER R,FORSTER R.Composition,spatial distribution,and diversity of the bacterial communities in the rumen of cows fed different forages[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,2010,74(3):612-622.  
[25] DE OLIVEIRA M N V,JEWELL K A,FREITAS F S,et al.Characterizing the microbiota across the gastrointestinal tract of a Brazilian Nelore steer[J].Veterinary Microbiology,2013,164(3/4):307-314.
[26] SPENCE C,WELLS W G,SMITH C J.Characterization of the primary starch utilization operon in the obligate anaerobe Bacteroides fragilis:regulation by carbon source and oxygen[J].Journal of Bacteriology,2006,188(13):4663-4672.  
[27] BRULC J M,ANTONOPOULOS D A,MILLER M E B,et al.Gene-centric metagenomics of the fiber-adherent bovine rumen microbiome reveals forage specific glycoside hydrolases[J].Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2009,106(6):1948-1953.  
[28] SHIN N R,WHON T W,BAE J W.Proteobacteria:microbial signature of dysbiosis in gut microbiota[J].Trends in Biotechnology,2015,33(9):496-503.  
[29] LIMAM R D,BOUCHEZ T,CHOUARI R,et al.Detection of WWE2-related Lentisphaerae by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization in landfill leachate[J].Canadian Journal of Microbiology,2010,56(10):846-852.  
[30] 郭威,郭晓军,周贤,等.复合菌剂发酵玉米秸秆对绵羊瘤胃液细菌多样性的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2018,49(4):736-745.
[31] SHARMA A,PRASAD S,SINGH Y,et al.Effect of polyherbal preparation supplementation on immunity and udder health of periparturient Karan-Fries crossbred dairy cows[J].Journal of Applied Animal Research,2014,42(2):217-221.  
[32] JAMI E,MIZRAHI I.Composition and similarity of bovine rumen microbiota across individual animals[J].PLoS One,2012,7(3):e33306.
[33] PURUSHE J,FOUTS D E,MORRISON M,et al.Comparative genome analysis of Prevotella ruminicola and Prevotella bryantii:insights into their environmental niche[J].Microbial Ecology,2010,60(4):721-729.  
[34] GRISWOLD K E,WHITE B A,MACKIE R I.Diversity of extracellular proteolytic activities among Prevotella species from the rumen[J].Current Microbiology,1999,39(4):187-194.  
[35] GRILLI D J,CERÓN M E,PAEZ S,et al.Isolation of Pseudobutyrivibrio ruminis and Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans from rumen of Creole goats fed native forage diet[J].Folia Microbiologica,2012,58(5):367-373.
[36] KOIKE S,KOBAYASHI Y.Fibrolytic rumen bacteria:their ecology and functions[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2009,22(1):131-138.  
[37] 何玉鹏,郭艳丽,鞠九洲,等.不同精粗比饲粮中添加壳聚糖对体外瘤胃发酵甲烷产量和发酵特性的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(11):3433-3442.
[38] 崔安,李振,曹阳春,等.不同精粗比日粮对秦川肉牛甲烷产量和瘤胃发酵的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2016,37(9):35-40.
[39] 崔安.不同精粗比日粮对舍饲秦川肉牛甲烷产量和瘤胃发酵的影响[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
Outlines

/