Effects of Different Bee Pollens on Expression of Major Royal Jelly Protein Genes and Yield, Quality and Composition of Royal Jelly of Apis mellifera

XUN Lijie; HUANG Xinqiu; LI Qiongyan; YANG Shuang; WANG Yanhui

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.02.041

2020 , Vol. 32 >Issue 2: 856 - 869

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.02.041

SPECIAL ECONOMIC ANIMAL NUTRITION AND FEED

Effects of Different Bee Pollens on Expression of Major Royal Jelly Protein Genes and Yield, Quality and Composition of Royal Jelly of Apis mellifera

XUN Lijie ,
HUANG Xinqiu ,
LI Qiongyan ,
YANG Shuang ,
WANG Yanhui

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Institute of Sericulture and Apiculture, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mengzi 661101, China

Received date: 2019-07-18

Online published: 2020-02-21

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Abstract

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different bee pollens on the expression of major royal jelly protein genes (mrjps) and the yield, quality and composition of royal jelly of Apis mellifera. Nine colonies of Italian honeybee with approximately the same queen and colony potential were selected and randomly divided into three groups, and each group had three colonies of bees. Bees in Brassica napus pollen group were fed with Brassica napus pollen, bees in Hymenodictyon flaccidum pollen group were fed with Hymenodictyon flaccidum pollen, and those in control group were not fed pollen, but collected pollen (mainly Bidens pilosa pollen) naturally. The experiment period was 2 months, from mid-September to mid-November, 2017. The content of crude protein and the contents and composition of amino acids in Brassica napus pollen, Hymenodictyon flaccidum pollen and Bidens pilosa pollen were determined by Kjeldahl method and hydrolysis method, respectively. Three 9-day-old worker bees were selected from each group to determine the relative expression levels of mrjp1 to mrjp9 and yellow-e3, and the yield and quality, the contents and composition of water-soluble proteins and amino acids of royal jelly from each group were measured. The results showed as follows:the contents of crude protein and total amino acids of the three bee pollons were Brassica napus pollon > Hymenodictyon flaccidum pollon > Bidens pilosa pollon, and differences were significant among groups (P<0.05); all the contents of single amino acids (except histidine) of the three bee pollons were Brassica napus pollon > Hymenodictyon flaccidum pollon > Bidens pilosa pollon, and differences were significant among groups (P<0.05). In the head of 9-day-old bees, the mrjp1, mrjp2, mrjp3, mrjp4, mrjp5 and mrjp7 had relatively high expression, while the mrjp6, mrjp8 and mrjp9 had relatively low expression. The total relative expression level of the mrjp1, mrjp2, mrjp3, mrjp4, mrjp5 and mrjp7 accounted for 99.94%, 99.94% and 98.60% of the total relative expression level of mrjps in Brassica napus pollen group, Rosa ragosa pollen group and control group, respectively. Compared with the control group, feeding Brassica napus pollen and Rosa ragosa pollen significantly increased the relative expression levels of mrjp1, mrjp2, mrjp3, mrjp4, mrjp5, mrjp7 and yellow-e3 (P<0.05), but significantly decreased the relative expression levels of mrjp6, mrjp8 and mrjp9 (P<0.05). The royal jelly yield of Brassica napus pollen group was the highest, the Rosa ragosa pollen group was higher and the control group was the lowest, and differences were significant among groups (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the quality of royal jelly produced by bees from of Brassica napus pollen group and Rosa ragosa pollen group compared with the control group (P>0.05), and the composition of water-soluble protein and amino acids in three kinds of royal jelly were basically the same. In conclusion, the effects of bee pollen with different crude protein contents on the expression of mrjps and the yield of royal jelly are different, but the effects of the three groups of bee pollens on the quality and composition of royal jelly are not significant. Comparison of three groups of bee colonies, the expression of mrjps with nutritional function and the yield of royal jelly in the Brassica napu pollen group were the highest. Collectively, for the Apis mellifera breeding or royal jelly production, the Brassica napu pollen can be used as a high-quality nutritional feed.

Key words： royal jelly; bee pollen; major royal jelly protein genes; crude protein; amino acid

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XUN Lijie , HUANG Xinqiu , LI Qiongyan , YANG Shuang , WANG Yanhui . Effects of Different Bee Pollens on Expression of Major Royal Jelly Protein Genes and Yield, Quality and Composition of Royal Jelly of Apis mellifera[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2020 , 32(2) : 856 -869 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.02.041

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