Effects of Clostridium butyricum on Intestinal Flora and Serum Micromolecule Urotoxin Contents of Dogs with Chronic Renal Failure

LU Jiang; ZHU Daoxian; ZHAO Xuegang; LIU Li

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.04.041

2020 , Vol. 32 >Issue 4: 1826 - 1835

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.04.041

Effects of Clostridium butyricum on Intestinal Flora and Serum Micromolecule Urotoxin Contents of Dogs with Chronic Renal Failure

LU Jiang ,
ZHU Daoxian ,
ZHAO Xuegang ,
LIU Li

Expand

1. Department of Pet Science and Technology, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China;
2. Department of Animal Medicine, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225300, China

Received date: 2019-10-17

Online published: 2020-04-16

Supported by

Fold

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of Clostridium butyricum on intestinal flora and serum micromolecule urotoxin contents of dogs with chronic renal failure (CRF). Twenty 2-year-old male poodles were randomly divided into four groups:sham operation control group (CL group), model group (MD group), low dose Clostridium butyricum group (LCB group) and high dose Clostridium butyricum group (HCB group), each group contained 5 dogs. Dogs in CL group were operated to only open abdominal cavity, while dogs in other 3 groups were established CRF model by ligation of renal artery. After successful modeling, LCB group and HCB group were intervened with 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg BW Clostridium butyricum per day for 4 weeks, respectively. The contents of urea nitrogen (UN), creatinine (Cr) and indolephenol sulfate (IS) in serum and feces were detected, and the intestinal flora 16S rDNA was detected by high throughput sequencing. The results showed as follows:1) at the end of the experiment (week 4), the contents of UN, Cr and IS in serum of LCB group and HCB group were significantly lower than those of MD group (P<0.01), but significantly higher than CL group (P<0.01); compared with the LCB group, the contents of UN and IS in serum of HCB group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the serum Cr content was significantly decreased (P<0.01). At the end of the experiment, the contents of UN and Cr in feces of HCB group were significantly lower than those of MD group (P<0.05), the contents of UN and Cr in feces of CL group were significantly lower than those of MD group, LCB group and HCB group (P<0.05). 2) Feeding Clostridium butyricum could decreased the α diversity of intestinal flora of dogs with CRF, the Chao1 index and Shannon index of HCB group were significantly lower than those of MD group (P<0.05). The Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) results showed that samples of 4 groups had obvious clustering. 3) At the phylum level, the relative abundances of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria in intestine of MD group were significantly higher than those of CL group (P<0.05),and the relative abundances of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria in intestine of LCB group and HCB group were significantly lower than those of MD group (P<0.05); at the genus level, deeding Clostridium butyricum could decreased the relative abundances of Proteus, Escherichia, Enterobacter, Prevotella, Actinomyces and Nesterenkonia in intestine of dogs with CRF. LEfSe analysis showed that there were 19 difference biomarkers in intestinal flora of dogs with CRF, were mainly concentrated in Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, and feeding Clostridium butyricum could decreased the difference of biomarkers of dogs with CRF. 4) Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the contents of UN, Cr and IS were strongly positively correlated with the relative abundances of Enterobacter, Proteus and Escherichia, and were strongly negatively correlated with the relative abundances of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. In summary, intestinal flora disorder is correlated with serum micromolecule urotoxin contents, and Clostridium butyricum can promote the clearance of micromolecule urotoxin in serum by regulating the intestinal flora structure of dogs with CRF, and the appropriate dosage is 1.0 g/kg BW per day.

Key words： Clostridium butyricum; dog; CRF; intestinal flora; micromolecule urotoxin

Cite this article

LU Jiang , ZHU Daoxian , ZHAO Xuegang , LIU Li . Effects of Clostridium butyricum on Intestinal Flora and Serum Micromolecule Urotoxin Contents of Dogs with Chronic Renal Failure[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2020 , 32(4) : 1826 -1835 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.04.041

References

[1] OBURAI N L,RAO V V, BONATH R B N.Comparative clinical evaluation of Boerhavia diffusa root extract with standard enalapril treatment in canine chronic renal failure[J].Journal of Ayurveda & Integrative Medicine,2015,6(3):150-157.

[2] 洪菲,梁晚枫.一例犬子宫蓄脓诱发肾衰竭及采用腹膜透析法治疗的效果观察[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2018(14):221-222.
[3] NALLU A,SHARMA S,RAMEZANI A,et al.Gut microbiome in chronic kidney disease:challenges and opportunities[J].Translational Research,2017,179:24-37.
[4] RAMEZANI A,MASSY Z A,MEIJERS B,et al.Role of the gut microbiome in uremia:a potential therapeutic target[J].American Journal of Kidney Diseases,2016,67(3):483-498.

[5] VAZIRI N D,WONG J,PAHL M V,et al.Chronic kidney disease alters intestinal microbial flora[J].Kidney International,2013,83(2):308-315.

[6] WIKOFF W R,ANFORA A T,LIU J,et al.Metabolomics analysis reveals large effects of gut microflora on mammalian blood metabolites[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2009,106(10):3698-3703.

[7] VAZIRI N D,ZHAO Y Y,PAHL M V.Altered intestinal microbial flora and impaired epithelial barrier structure and function in CKD:the nature,mechanisms,consequences and potential treatment[J].Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation,2016,31(5):737-746.

[8] 王宁,李宁,陈洋.肾动脉结扎法制作慢性肾功能衰竭犬模型方法的探索[J].中国医科大学学报,2006,35(2):221.
[9] KANG D H,JOLY A H,OLIFER S W,et al.Impaired angiogenesis in the remnant kidney model:Ⅰ.Potential role of vascular endothelial growth factor and thrombospondin-1[J].Journal of the American Society of Nephrology,2011,12(7):1434-1447.
[10] VANHOLDER R,SCHEPERS E,PLETINCK A,et al.The uremic toxicity of indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate:a systematic review[J].Journal of the American Society of Nephrology,2014,25(9):1897-1907.

[11] MORADI H,SICA D A,KALANTAR-ZADEH K.Cardiovascular burden associated with uremic toxins in patients with chronic kidney disease[J].American Journal of Nephrology,2013,38(2):136-148.

[12] YOSHIFUJI A,WAKINO S,IRIE J,et al.Gut Lactobacillus protects against the progression of renal damage by modulating the gut environment in rats[J].Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation,2016,31(3):401-412.

[13] 蒋哲峰,蒋云生,林霞,等.肾衰状态下肠道细菌对肌酐和尿素清除的影响[J].中国医师杂志,2017,9(10):1345-1347.
[14] KUROIWA T,WANAGA M,KOBARI K,et al.Preventive effect of Clostridium butyricum M588 against the proliferation of Clostridium difficile during antimicrobial therapy[J].Kansenshogaku Zasshi,1990,64(11):1425-1432.

[15] MEIJERS B K I,BAMMENS B,VERBEKE K,et al.A review of albumin binding in CKD[J].American Journal of Kidney Diseases,2008,51(5):839-850.

[16] KOPPE L,PILLON N J,VELLA R E,et al.p-cresyl sulfate promotes insulin resistance associated with CKD[J].Journal of the American Society of Nephrology,2013,24(1):88-99.

[17] ASAI A,HIRATA J,HIRANO A,et al.Activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediates suppression of hypoxia-inducible factor-dependent erythropoietin expression by indoxyl sulfate[J].American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology,2016,310(2):C142-C150.
[18] SHIMIZU H,BOLATI D,ADIJIANG A,et al.Indoxyl sulfate downregulates renal expression of Klotho through production of ROS and activation of nuclear factor-κB[J].American Journal of Nephrology,2011,33(4):319-324.

[19] NIWA T,SHIMIZU H.Indoxyl sulfate induces nephrovascular senescence[J].Journal of Renal Nutrition,2012,22(1):102-106.

[20] 曹广添,刘婷婷,周琳,等.丁酸梭菌对致病菌和有益菌的体外作用效果研究[J].中国饲料,2012(4):16-19.
[21] KUROIWA T,KOBARI K,IWANAGA M.Inhibition of enteropathogens by Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588[J].American Journal of Nephrology,1990,64(3):257-263.
[22] 蔡燕杰.基于"肠-肾轴"研究通腑化浊凉血方对硫酸吲哚酚相关肾损伤的保护机制[D].硕士学位论文.北京:北京中医药大学:2019.

Options

Outlines

模态框（Modal）标题

Abstract

Cite this article

References