[1] XIAO Y P,XIANG Y,ZHOU W D,et al.Microbial community mapping in intestinal tract of broiler chicken[J].Poultry Science,2017,96(5):1387-1393.

[2] PEDROSO A A,LEE M D.Chapter 2:the composition and role of the microbiota in chickens[M]//NIEWOLD T.Intestinal health:key to maximise growth performance in livestock.wageningen.The Netherlands:Wageningen Academic Publishers,2015.:21-50.
[3] GABRIEL I,LESSIRE M,MALLET S,et al.Microflora of the digestive tract:critical factors and consequences for poultry[J].World's Poultry Science Journal,2006,62(3):499-511.
[4] 朱春红,陶志云,刘宏祥,等.家禽肠道菌群多样性及其与宿主的相互关系[J].安徽农业科学,2018,46(26):11-14.
[5] WEI S,MORRISON M,YU Z.Bacterial census of poultry intestinal microbiome[J].Poultry Science,2013,92(3):671-683.

[6] SERGEANT M J,CONSTANTINIDOU C,COGAN T A,et al.Extensive microbial and functional diversity within the chicken cecal microbiome[J].PLoS ONE,2014,9(3):e91941.
[7] LU J G,IDRIS U,HARMON B,et al.Diversity and succession of the intestinal bacterial community of the maturing broiler chicken[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2003,69(11):6816-6824.

[8] CLAVIJO V,FLÓREZ M J V.The gastrointestinal microbiome and its association with the control of pathogens in broiler chicken production:a review[J].Poultry Science,2018,97(3):1006-1021.

[9] PAN D,YU Z T.Intestinal microbiome of poultry and its interaction with host and diet[J].Gut Microbes,2014,5(1):108-119.

[10] KERNAGHAN S,BUJOLD A R,MACINNES J J.The microbiome of the soft palate of swine[J].Animal Health Research Reviews,2012,13(1):110-120.

[11] BRISBIN J T,GONG J,SHARIF S.Interactions between commensal bacteria and the gut-associated immune system of the chicken[J].Animal Health Research Reviews,2008,9:101-110.
[12] DANESHMAND A,KERMANSHAHI H,SEKHAVATI M H,et al.Antimicrobial peptide,cLF36,affects performance and intestinal morphology,microflora,junctional proteins,and immune cells in broilers challenged with
E. coli[J].Scientific Reports,2019,9(1):14176.
[13] OAKLEY B B,LILLEHOJ H S,KOGUT M H,et al.The chicken gastrointestinal microbiome[J].FEMS Microbiology Letters,2014,360(2):100-112.

[14] MWANGI S,TIMMONS J,FITZ-COY S,et al.Characterization of
Clostridium perfringens recovered from broiler chicken affected by necrotic enteritis[J].Poultry Science,2019,98(1):128-135.

[15] ZHAO L L,WANG G,SIEGEL P,et al.Quantitative genetic background of the host influences gut microbiomes in chickens[J].Scientific Reports,2013,3:1163.
[16] HOU Q C,KWOK L Y,ZHENG Y,et al.Differential fecal microbiota are retained in broiler chicken lines divergently selected for fatness traits[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:37376.
[17] MENG H,ZHANG Y,ZHAO L L,et al.Body weight selection affects quantitative genetic correlated responses in gut microbiota[J].PLoS ONE,2014,9(3):e89862.
[18] 周小娟,张日俊,郭宝林,等.不同品种、日龄和饲养方式对肉鸡肠道菌群的影响[J].中国微生态学杂志,2012,24(7):577-581,587.
[19] AMIT-ROMACH E,SKLAN D,UNI Z.Microflora ecology of the chicken intestine using 16S ribosomal DNA primers[J].Poultry Science,2004,83(7):1093-1098.

[20] RANJITKAR S,LAWLEY B,TANNOCK G,et al.Bacterial succession in the broiler gastrointestinal tract[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2016,82(8):2399-2410.

[21] OCEJO M,OPORTO B,HURTADO A.16S rRNA amplicon sequencing characterization of caecal MICROBIOME composition of broilers and free-range slow-growing chickens throughout their productive lifespan[J].Scientific Reports,2019,9(1):2506.
[22] CUI Y Z,WANG Q J,LIU S J,et.al.Age-related variations in intestinal microflora of free-range AND caged hens[J].Frontiers in Microbiology.2017,8:1310.
[23] LI X,CAO Z H,YANG Y T,et al.Correlation between jejunal microbial diversity and muscle fatty acids deposition in broilers reared at different ambient temperatures[J].Scientific Reports,2019,9(1):11022.
[24] SHI D Y,BAI L,QU Q.Impact of gut microbiota structure in heat-stressed broilers[J].Poultry Science,2019,98(6):2405-2413.

[25] WANG L L,LILBURN M,YU Z T.Intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens as affected by litter management regimens[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2016,7:593.
[26] LA-ONGKHUM O,PUNGSUNGVORN N,AMORNTHEWAPHAT N,et al.Effect of the antibiotic avilamycin on the structure of the microbial community in the jejunal intestinal tract of broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2011,90(7):1532-1538.

[27] NG K M,ARANDA-DÍAZ A,TROPINI C,et al.Recovery of the gut microbiota after antibiotics depends on host diet,community context,and environmental reservoirs[J].Cell Host & Microbe,2019,26(5):650-665.e4.

[28] 谢全喜,张建梅,李晓颖,等.复合微生态制剂与饲用抗生素对肉雏鸡免疫性能和肠道微生物菌群的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2011,32(5):77-80,90.
[29] GÓMEZ-GÓMEZ C,BLANCO-PICAZO P,BROWN-JAQUE M,et al.Infectious phage particles packaging antibiotic resistance genes found in meat products and chicken feces[J].Scientific Reports,2019,9(1):13281.
[30] YANG Y X,XIE X J,TANG M J,et al.Exploring the profile of antimicrobial resistance genes harboring by bacteriophage in chicken feces[J].Science of the Total Environment,2020,700:134446.
[31] GAO P F,MA C,SUN Z,et al.Feed-additive probiotics accelerate yet antibiotics delay intestinal microbiota maturation in broiler chicken[J].Microbiome,2017,5(1):91.
[32] CISEK A A,BINEK M.Chicken intestinal microbiota function with a special emphasis on the role of probiotic bacteria[J].Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences,2014,17(2):385-394.

[33] STANLEY D,HUGHES R J,MOORE R J.Microbiota of the chicken gastrointestinal tract:influence on health,productivity and disease[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2014,98(10):4301-4310.

[34] MA Y B,WANG W W,ZHANG H J,et al.Supplemental
Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 manipulates intestinal structure and microbial composition in broiler chickens[J].Scientific Reports,2018,8(1):15358.
[35] DE OLIVEIRA M J K,SAKOMURA N K,DE PAULA DORIGAM J C,et al.
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940 alone or in combination with antibiotic growth promoters improves performance in broilers under enteric pathogen challenge[J].Poultry Science,2019,98(10):4391-4400.

[36] WU X Z,WEN Z G,HUA J L.Effects of dietary inclusion of
Lactobacillus and inulin on growth performance,gut microbiota,nutrient utilization,and immune parameters in broilers[J].Poultry Science,2019,98(10):4656-4663.

[37] AL-KHALAIFA H,AL-NASSER A,AL-SURAYEE T,et al.Effect of dietary probiotics and prebiotics on the performance of broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2019,98(10):4465-4479.

[38] FROEBEL L K,JALUKAR S,LAVERGNE T A,et al.Administration of dietary prebiotics improves growth performance and reduces pathogen colonization in broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2019,98(12):6668-6676.

[39] KIM G B,SEO Y M,KIM C H,et al.Effect of dietary prebiotic supplementation on the performance,intestinal microflora,and immune response of broilers[J].Poultry Science,2011,90(1):75-82.

[40] ELMUSHARAF M A,BAUTISTA V,NOLLET L,et al.Effect of a mannanoligosaccharide preparation on
Eimeria tenella infection in broiler chickens[J].International Journal of Poultry Science,2006,5(6):583-588.

[41] 谭子超,刘浩民,薛梅,等.小麦-豆粕型饲粮添加复合酶制剂对肉鸡肠道微生物菌群和酸度的影响[J].中国饲料,2018(9):19-24.
[42] ARSENAULT R J,LEE J T,LATHAM R,et al.Changes in immune and metabolic gut response in broilers fed β-mannanase in β-mannan-containing diets[J].Poultry Science,2017,96(12):4307-4316.

[43] WALKER G K,JALUKAR S,BRAKE J.The effect of refined functional carbohydrates from enzymatically hydrolyzed yeast on the transmission of environmental
Salmonella Senftenberg among broilers and proliferation in broiler housing[J].Poultry Science,2018,97(4):1412-1419.

[44] BORTOLUZZI C,SCAPINI L B,RIBEIRO M V,et al.Effects of β-mannanase supplementation on the intestinal microbiota composition of broiler chickens challenged with a coccidiosis vaccine[J].Livestock Science,2019,228:187-194.
[45] GRASHORN M A.Use of phytobiotics in broiler nutrition-an alternative to infeed antibiotics?[J].Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences,2010,19(3):338-347.

[46] CHOWDHURY S,MANDAL G P,PATRA A K,et al.Different essential oils in diets of broiler chickens:2.Gut microbes and morphology,immune response,and some blood profile and antioxidant enzymes[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2018,236:39-47.
[47] YIN D F,DU E C,YUAN J M,et al.Supplemental thymol and carvacrol increases ileum
Lactobacillus population and reduces effect of necrotic enteritis caused by
Clostridium perfringes in chickens[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7(1):7334.
[48] GIANNENAS I,BONOS E,SKOUFOS I,et al.Effect of herbal feed additives on performance parameters,intestinal microbiota,intestinal morphology and meat lipid oxidation of broiler chickens[J].British Poultry Science,2018,59(5):545-553.

[49] ZEITZ J O,NEUFELD K,POTTHAST C,et al.Effects of dietary supplementation of the lignocelluloses FibreCell and OptiCell on performance,expression of inflammation-related genes and the gut microbiome of broilers[J].Poultry Science,2019,98(1):287-297.

[50] ZHOU H Z,GUO W,ZHANG T,et al.Response of goose intestinal microflora to the source and level of dietary fiber[J].Poultry Science,2018,97(6):2086-2094.

[51] SOZCU A.Growth performance,pH value of gizzard,hepatic enzyme activity,immunologic indicators,intestinal histomorphology,and cecal microflora of broilers fed diets supplemented with processed lignocellulose[J].Poultry Science,2019,98(12):6880-6887.

[52] VIENOLA K,JURGENS G,VUORENMAA J,et al.Tall oil fatty acid inclusion in the diet improves performance and increases ileal density of lactobacilli in broiler chickens[J].British Poultry Science,2018,59(3):349-355.

[53] DONG X Y,AZZAM M M M,ZOU X T.Effects of dietary threonine supplementation on intestinal barrier function and gut microbiota of laying hens[J].Poultry Science,2017,96(10):3654-3663.

[54] SUGIHARTO S,RANJITKAR S.Recent advances in fermented feeds towards improved broiler chicken performance,gastrointestinal tract microecology and immune responses:a review[J].Animal Nutrition,2019,5(1):1-10.

[55] 张孟阳,毕付提,李洁,等.发酵饲料对仔鸡肠道微生物群落多样性影响[J].中国家禽,2019(13):30-36.
[56] SOUMEH E A,MOHEBODINI H,TOGHYANI M,et al.Synergistic effects of fermented soybean meal and mannan-oligosaccharide on growth performance,digestive functions,and hepatic gene expression in broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2019,98(12):6797-6807.

[57] HU L S,GENG S J,LI Y,et al.Exogenous fecal microbiota transplantation from local adult pigs to crossbred newborn piglets[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2018,8:2663.
[58] 岳晓敬.粪菌移植对仔猪生产性能、肠道菌群和肠粘膜发育的影响[D].硕士学位论文.杭州:浙江大学,2017.
[59] 朱见深,王进文,张庆,等.SPF鸡粪菌移植对雏鸡肠道菌群和大肠杆菌抗药性的影响[J].山东农业科学,2018,50(7):6-12.
[60] 朱见深.粪菌移植调控鸡肠道菌群及细菌抗药性的研究[D].硕士学位论文.济南:山东大学,2019.
[61] SCHREUDER J,VELKERS F C,BOUWSTRA R J.Limited changes in the fecal microbiome composition of laying hens after oral inoculation with wild duck feces[J].Poultry Science,2019,98(12):6542-6551.

[62] 王爱琳.
PGRP-
LB和
PGRP-
SB基因在橘小实蝇免疫及肠道微生物调控中的作用研究[D].硕士学位论文.武汉:华中农业大学,2015.
[63] ASKELSON T E,MCMULLIN A B,DUONG T.Targeted gene inactivation in
Lactobacillus gallinarum ATCC 33199 using chromosomal integration[J].Poultry Science,2019,98(1):398-403.