This experiment was conducted to study the effects of compound microbial preparation on the growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibilities, rumen enzyme activities and glycolipid metabolism of fattening cattle. Twenty 12-month-old Holstein bulls with the similar weight of (500±25) kg were randomly divided into two groups, which was experimental group and control group. The compound microbial preparation (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and the ratio of the three was 7:2:1) amount of each cattle in the experimental group was 80 g/d, and no compound microbial preparation were added to the control group. Preliminary period lasted for 7 d, and test period lasted for 55 d. Feed intake was accurately recorded every day and weighed in the morning at the beginning and the end of the experiment, separately. Feces were continuously collected for 7 days to determine nutrient apparent digestibilities. Rumen juice was extracted in the middle of the experiment to determine enzyme activities, and venous blood was collected at the end of the experiment for glycolipid metabolism detection. The results showed as follows:compare with control groups, 1) the dry matter intake and average daily weight gain in the experimental group increased by 2.74%(P<0.05)and 28.95%(P<0.05), respectively; 2) the apparent digestibility of dry matter in experimental group had no significant change (P>0.05). However, the apparent digestibilities of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber increased by 1.56% and 1.93%(P<0.05),respectively; 3)the activities of protease and amylase of rumen juice in the experimental group increased by 8.87% (P<0.01)and 10.27%(P<0.05),respectively. However, lipase activity did not found apparent change (P>0.05). The activity of pectinase in the experimental group increased by 18.63% (P<0.01), but the activities of xylanase and filter paper enzyme were not significantly different from that of control group (P>0.05); 4)the serum glucose content in the experimental group increased by 11.67% (P<0.01), and cholesterol and triglyceride contents increased by 22.91% and 12.84%(P<0.01), respectively. In conclusion, the compound microbial preparation can promote the dry matter intake and weight gain of fattening cattle, and improve the feed-to-weight ratio to a certain extent as well. In addition, the compound microbial preparation can improve the activities of rumen digestive enzymes and the digestion and absorption of nutrients as well.