Amino Acids Improve Cottonseed Meal and Rapeseed Meal Utilization in Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) via Target of Rapamycin and Amino Acid Response Signal Pathways

  • CHEN Qian ,
  • ZHOU Qunlan ,
  • GE Xianping ,
  • YE Lunzhe ,
  • LIU Bo ,
  • SUN Cunxin
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  • 1. Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China

Received date: 2020-05-19

  Online published: 2020-12-07

Abstract

In order to explore the utilization of cottonseed meal (CSM) and rapeseed meal (RSM) in blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala), a 9-week feeding trial was conducted. Five isonitrogenous (crude protein content was 31.1%) and isolipidic (crude lipid content was 7.6%) diets were formulated for juvenile blunt snout bream, among which fish meal (FM, as control), CSM and RSM were used as the main protein sources, respectively, and lysine and methionine were added to the plant protein diets to meet the level in FM group. A total of 450 juvenile blunt snout breams with the initial body weight of (19.67±3.89) g were randomly divided into 5 groups with 3 replicates per group and 30 fish per replicate. The results showed as follows: 1) the weight gain rate (WGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) in CSM and RSM groups were significantly decreased compared with the FM group, and the feed conversion rate (FCR) was significantly increased (P<0.05). The amino acid supplementation in the CSM and RSM diets could significantly improve the WGR and PER, and significantly decrease the FCR (P<0.05). 2) There were no significant differences in the contents of moisture crude protein crude lipid of whole-body among all groups (P>0.05). 3) The intestinal protease activity in CSM group was significantly higher than that in FM group (P<0.05), while the intestinal lipase and amylase activities were significantly lower than those in FM group (P<0.05). The intestinal lipase activity in RSM group was significantly lower than that in FM group (P<0.05) though the protease and amylase activities were similar between the RSM and FM groups (P>0.05). Adding lysine and methionine into the CSM and RSM diets could significantly increase the intestinal amylase activity (P<0.05), and significantly decrease the liver glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activity. Adding lysine and methionine into the RSM diet significantly increased liver glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) activity (P<0.05), while adding lysine and methionine into the CSM diet significantly decreased the liver GOT activity (P<0.05). 4) The relative expression level of peptide-transporter 1 (PepT1) gene in the intestine of FM group was significantly lower than that of other groups (P<0.05). The relative expression levels of genes such as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), protein kinase B (AKT) and 4E-binding protein 2 (4E-BP2) in the liver of CSM and RSM groups were significantly higher than those of FM group (P<0.05). Adding lysine and methionine into the CSM and RSM diets significantly decreased the relative expression levels of IGF-1, AKT and 4E-BP2 genes in the liver (P<0.05), but significantly increased the relative expression level of target of rapamycin (TOR) gene in the liver (P<0.05). 5) The relative expression levels of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) genes in the liver of CSM group were significantly higher than those in FM group (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between RSM group and FM group (P>0.05). Adding lysine and methionine into the CSM and RSM diets significantly decreased the relative expression levels of ATF4 and ATF3 genes in the liver (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in the relative expression level of asparagine synthetase (ASNS) gene in the liver among all groups (P>0.05). In a word, adding the essential amino acids such as lysine and methionine into the diet which used the CSM or RSM as the main protein source can improve the utilization of CSM and RSM in blunt snout bream, mainly because it an improve the expression of TOR signal pathway-related genes and suppress the expression of AAR signal pathway-related genes in the liver.

Cite this article

CHEN Qian , ZHOU Qunlan , GE Xianping , YE Lunzhe , LIU Bo , SUN Cunxin . Amino Acids Improve Cottonseed Meal and Rapeseed Meal Utilization in Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) via Target of Rapamycin and Amino Acid Response Signal Pathways[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2020 , 32(12) : 5850 -5863 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2020.12.038

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