Effects of Zearalenone on Uterus Development, Growth Hormone Secretion and Its Receptor Distribution and Expression in Prepubertal gilts

  • WU Fengyang ,
  • CUI Jia ,
  • YANG Xinyu ,
  • CHEN Baojiang
Expand
  • 1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China;
    2. Hebei Technology Innovation Center of Cattle and Sheep Embryo, Baoding 071000, China

Received date: 2020-07-20

  Online published: 2021-01-18

Abstract

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of zearalenone on uterus development, growth hormone secretion and its receptor distribution and expression in prepubertal gilts. A total of 48 Landrace×Yorkshire prepubertal gilts with similar litter times, breeds and weight of (23.20±0.68) kg were randomly divided into 4 groups (12 replicates per group, 1 gilt per replicate). Prepubertal gilts in control group (CON group) were fed a basal diet and those in test groups (T1, T2 and T3 groups) were fed the basal diet supplemented with 200, 800, 1 600 μg/kg ZEA, respectively. Pretest lasted for 7 d, and test lasted for 40 d. The results showed as follows: 1) there were no significant differences in the contents of GH in serum and uterine tissues of prepubertal gilts in all groups (P>0.05). 2) There were no significant differences in the contents of ZEA in uterine tissues of prepubertal gilts in all groups (P>0.05). 3) There were no significant differences in the initial weight, final weight, average daily gain, average daily feed intake and feed/gain of each group of prepubertal gilts (P>0.05), but compared with the CON group, the uterine index of the gilts in the T2 group was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the T3 group was extremely significantly increased (P<0.01). 4) Compared with the CON group, the myometrium and endometrium of prepubertal gilts in the test groups were thickened, and the number of uterine glands and capillaries were increased. The T2 and T3 groups also showed inflammatory responses and epithelial cell necrosis. 5) Compared with the CON group, the relative expression levels of GHR and Janus activated kinase 2 mRNA in the T2 group and GHR mRNA in the T3 group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the relative expression levels of signal transducer and activator of transcriptions 3 mRNA were not significantly different among the groups (P>0.05). 6) ZEA had no obvious effect on the distribution and localization of GHR in the uterus of prepubertal gilts. However, compared with the CON group, the distribution of GHR immunopositive substances increased in the experimental groups, and the immunopositive intensity increased. 7) There was no significant difference in the expression level of GHR protein in the uterus among groups (P>0.05), but the gray value in T2 group showed an increasing trend compared with CON group (P=0.09). In conclusion, ZEA has no significant effect on the growth performance and the levels of serum and uterus GH and ZEA of prepubertal gilts. However, ZEA can increase the relative expression levels of GHR, JAK2 and STAT3 mRNA, and enhance the immunopositive of GHR, and increase the protein expression level, which enhance the biological effect of GH and make the uterus abnormal development. ZEA significantly increase uterine index, thicken myometrium and endometrium, and increase uterine glands and capillaries.

Cite this article

WU Fengyang , CUI Jia , YANG Xinyu , CHEN Baojiang . Effects of Zearalenone on Uterus Development, Growth Hormone Secretion and Its Receptor Distribution and Expression in Prepubertal gilts[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2021 , 33(1) : 217 -226 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.01.023

References

[1] 王相生.玉米赤霉烯酮及其降解酶对母猪繁殖性能的影响[D].博士学位论文.兰州:甘肃农业大学,2017:1-2. WANG X S.Effects of zearalenone and its degrading enzymes on reproductive performance of sows[D].Ph.D.Thesis.Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2017:1-2.(in Chinese)
[2] 王国强.2019年我国部分地区饲料及饲料原料霉菌毒素污染调查报告[J].养猪,2020(2):14-16. WANG G Q.2019 investigation report on mycotoxin contamination of feed and feed raw materials in some areas of China[J].Swine Industry Science,2020(2):14-16. (in Chinese)
[3] WU L H,DUAN Q N,GAO D Y,et al.Zearalenone blocks autophagy flow and induces cell apoptosis during embryo implantation in gilts[J].Toxicological Sciences,2020,175(1):126-139.  
[4] HRABIA A,PACZOSKA-ELIASIEWICZ H E,BERGHMAN L R,et al.Expression and localization of growth hormone and its receptors in the chicken ovary during sexual maturation[J].Cell and Tissue Research,2008,332(2):317-328.  
[5] 牛群升,杨维仁,黄丽波,等.镰刀菌毒素对断奶小母猪阴户、生殖器官指数、子宫雌激素受体分布和表达的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(5):1525-1533. NIU Q S,YANG W R,HUANG L B,et al.Effects of fusarium toxins on vulva,reproductive organ index distribution and expression of estrogen receptors in uterus of weaning gilts[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2016,28(5):1525-1533. (in Chinese)
[6] 戴美玲.玉米赤霉烯酮对断奶仔猪卵巢中GHR、Ghrelin和PCNA表达的影响[D].硕士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学,2016:1-2. DAI M L.Effects of zearalenone-diet on expression of GHR,ghrelin and PCNA in ovaries of post-weaning piglets[J].Master's Thesis.Tai'an:Shandong Agricultural University,2016:1-2. (in Chinese)
[7] 张鸣,许厚强,陈伟,等.从江香猪和大白猪不同组织/器官中GHRJAK2STAT3基因的表达分析[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2018(21):10-14. ZHAN M,XU H Q,CHEN W,et al.The expression analysis of GHR,JAK2 and STAT3 genes in different tissues of Jiangxiang pig and large white pig[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2018(21):10-14. (in Chinese)
[8] HYMER W C,KENNETT M J,MAJI S K,et al.Bioactive growth hormone in humans:controversies,complexities and concepts[J].Growth Hormone & IGF Research,2020,50:9-22.
[9] THOMAS M G,CARROLL J A,RAYMOND S R,et al.Transcriptional regulation of pituitary synthesis and secretion of growth hormone in growing wethers and the influence of zeranol on these mechanisms[J].Domestic Animal Endocrinology,2000,18(3):309-324.  
[10] OLIVARES V H,HALLFORD D M.Growth and carcass characteristics and serum growth hormone,prolactin and insulin profiles in debouillet lambs treated with ovine growth hormone and (or) zeranol[J].Journal of Animal Science,1990,68(7):1971-1979.  
[11] GAJECKA M,S?AWUTA P,NICPO?J,et al.Zearalenone and its metabolites in the tissues of female wild boars exposed per os to mycotoxins[J].Toxicon,2016,114:1-12.
[12] FU G H,WANG L H,LI L,et al.Bacillus licheniformis CK1 alleviates the toxic effects of zearalenone in feed on weaned female Tibetan piglets[J].Journal of Animal Science,2018,96(10):4471-4480.  
[13] 周敏,周雪梅,杨立杰,等.玉米赤霉烯酮对断奶小母猪子宫形态学及热应激蛋白70分布和表达的影响[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(4):778-788. ZHOU M,ZHOU X M,YANG L J,et al.Effects of zearalenone on expression of heat shock protein 70 and morphology of uterus tissues of post-weaning piglets[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2018,51(4):778-788. (in Chinese)
[14] PISTOL G C,BRAICU C,MOTIU M,et al.Zearalenone mycotoxin affects immune mediators,MAPK signalling molecules,nuclear receptors and genome-wide gene expression in pig spleen[J].PLoS One,2015,10(5):e0127503.
[15] ZHENG W L,FENG N N,WANG Y,et al.Effects of zearalenone and its derivatives on the synthesis and secretion of mammalian sex steroid hormones:a review[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology,2019,126:262-276.
[16] 张鸣.GHR基因编辑猪生长发育指标及相关基因表达研究[D].硕士学位论文.贵阳:贵州农业大学,2018:2-6. ZHANG M.Study on the growth and development index and related gene expression of GHR gene editing pigs[D].Master's Thesis.Guiyang:Guizhou University,2018:2-6.(in Chinese)
[17] 吴天成,兰海楠,马思慧,等.生长激素受体介导的信号转导机制研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2014,41(12):186-189. WU T C,LAN H N,MA S H,et al.Research progress on signal transduction mechanisms underlying growth hormone receptor action[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2014,41(12):186-189. (in Chinese)
[18] RUGHANI A,ZHANG D S,VAIRAMANI K,et al.Severe growth failure associated with a novel heterozygous nonsense mutation in the GHR transmembrane domain leading to elevated growth hormone binding protein[J].Clinical Endocrinology,2020,92(4):331-337.  
[19] FENG Q,GAO B S,HUANG H,et al.Growth hormone promotes human endometrial glandular cells proliferation and motion through the GHR-STAT3/5 pathway[J].Annals of Translational Medicine,2020,8(4):53.
[20] CUI N,LI A M,LUO Z Y,et al.Effects of growth hormone on pregnancy rates of patients with thin endometrium[J].Journal of Endocrinological Investigation,2019,42(1):27-35.  
[21] ZHOU M,YANG L J,CHEN Y H,et al.Comparative study of stress response,growth and development of uteri in post-weaning gilts challenged with zearalenone and estradiol benzoate[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2019,103(6):1885-1894.  
[22] WATHES D C,CHENG Z R,FENWICK M A,et al.Influence of energy balance on the somatotrophic axis and matrix metalloproteinase expression in the endometrium of the postpartum dairy cow[J].Reproduction,2011,141(2):269-281.  
[23] KANORA A,MAES D.The role of mycotoxins in pig reproduction:a review[J].Veterinární Medicína,2009,54(12):565-576.  
[24] ZHOU M,YANG L J,SHAO M H,et al.Effects of zearalenone exposure on the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway and the expression of proliferation or apoptosis related genes of post-weaning gilts[J].Toxins,2018,10(2):49.
[25] GRENIER B,HACKL M,SKALICKY S,et al.MicroRNAs in porcine uterus and serum are affected by zearalenone and represent a new target for mycotoxin biomarker discovery[J].Scientific Reports,2019,9(1):9408.
[26] GAJECKA M,RYBARCZYK L,JAKIMIUK E,et al.The effect of experimental long-term exposure to low-dose zearalenone on uterine histology in sexually immature gilts[J].Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology,2012,64(6):537-542.  
[27] ZHAO F,LI R,XIAO S,et al.Postweaning exposure to dietary zearalenone,a mycotoxin,promotes premature onset of puberty and disrupts early pregnancy events in female mice[J].Toxicological Sciences,2013,132(2):431-442.  
[28] 高文博.吸附剂对玉米赤霉烯酮致后备母猪子宫毒性的保护作用研究[D].硕士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学,2019:1-2. GAO W B.Protective effect of adsorbents on the toxic effects of zearalenone on sow uterus[D].Master's Thesis.Tai'an:Shandong Agricultural University,2019:1-2. (in Chinese)
[29] DEHKHODA F,LEE C M M,MEDINA J,et al.The growth hormone receptor:mechanism of receptor activation,cell signaling,and physiological aspects[J].Frontiers in Endocrinology,2018,9:35.
Outlines

/