[1] STEFANELLO C,SANTOS T C,MURAKAMI A E,et al.Productive performance,eggshell quality,and eggshell ultrastructure of laying hens fed diets supplemented with organic trace minerals[J].Poultry Science,2014,93(1):104-113.

[2] LEE M H,CHO E J,CHOI E S,et al.The effect of storage period and temperature on egg quality in commercial eggs[J].Korean Journal of Poultry Science,2016,43(1):31-38.

[3] WILSON P B.Recent advances in avian egg science:a review[J].Poultry Science,2017,96(10):3747-3754.

[4] FATHI M M,GALAL A,ALI U M,et al.Physical and mechanical properties of eggshell as affected by chicken breed and flock age[J].British Poultry Science,2019,60(5):506-512.

[5] VLČKOVÁ J,TŮMOVÁ E,KETTA M,et al.Effect of housing system and age of laying hens on eggshell quality,microbial contamination,and penetration of microorganisms into eggs[J].Czech Journal of Animal Science,2018,63(2):51-60.

[6] MARIE P,LABAS V,BRIONNE A,et al.Data set for the proteomic inventory and quantitative analysis of chicken uterine fluid during eggshell biomineralization[J].Data in Brief,2014,1:65-69.
[7] HINCKE M T,NYS Y,GAUTRON J,et al.The eggshell:structure,composition and mineralization[J].Frontiers in Bioscience,2012,17(1):1266-1280.

[8] AHMED A M H,RODRÍGUEZ-NAVARRO A B,VIDAL M L,et al.Changes in eggshell mechanical properties,crystallographic texture and in matrix proteins induced by moult in hens[J].British Poultry Science,2005,46(3):268-279.

[9] DUNN I C,RODRÍGUEZ-NAVARRO A B,MCDADE K,et al.Genetic variation in eggshell crystal size and orientation is large and these traits are correlated with shell thickness and are associated with eggshell matrix protein markers[J].Animal Genetics,2012,43(4):410-418.

[10] FATHI M M,EL-DLEBSHANY A E,EL-DEEN M B,et al.Effect of long-term selection for egg production on eggshell quality of Japanese quail (
Coturnix japonica)[J].Poultry Science,2016,95(11):2570-2575.

[11] RADWAN L M,FATHI M M,GALAL A,et al.Mechanical and ultrastructural properties of eggshell in two Egyptian native breeds of chicken[J].International Journal of Poultry Science,2010,9(1):77-81.
[12] RADWAN L M.Eggshell quality:a comparison between Fayoumi,Gimieizah and Brown Hy-Line strains for mechanical properties and ultrastructure of their eggshells[J].Animal Production Science,2016,56(5):908-912.

[13] LI L L,ZHANG N N,GONG Y J,et al.Effects of dietary Mn-methionine supplementation on the egg quality of laying hens[J].Poultry Science,2018,97(1):247-254.

[14] FATHI M M,EL-DEIN A Z,EL-SAFTY S A,et al.Using scanning electron microscopy to detect the ultrastructural variations in eggshell quality of Fayoumi and Dandarawi chicken breeds[J].International Journal of Poultry Science,2007,6(4):236-241.

[15] BRIONNE A,NYS Y,HENNEQUET-ANTIER C,et al.Hen uterine gene expression profiling during eggshell formation reveals putative proteins involved in the supply of minerals or in the shell mineralization process[J].BMC Genomics,2014,15(1):220.
[16] ZHANG Y N,ZHANG H J,WU S G,et al.Dietary manganese supplementation modulated mechanical and ultrastructural changes during eggshell formation in laying hens[J].Poultry Science,2017,96(8):2699-2707.

[17] KIM W K,BLOOMFIELD S A,SUGIYAMA T,et al.Concepts and methods for understanding bone metabolism in laying hens[J].World's Poultry Science Journal,2012,68(1):71-82.

[18] SAH N,LEE KUEHU D,KHADKA V S,et al.RNA sequencing-based analysis of the laying hen uterus revealed the novel genes and biological pathways involved in the eggshell biomineralization[J].Scientific Reports,2018,8(1):16853.
[19] NYS Y,GAUTRON J,HINCKE M,et al.Eggshell formation:mechanisms of mineralization and impact on calcium homeostasis[C]//Proceedings of International School of Biomineralization.Granada,Spain:[s.n.],2017.
[20] JONCHÈRE V,BRIONNE A,GAUTRON J,et al.Identification of uterine ion transporters for mineralisation precursors of the avian eggshell[J].BMC Physiology,2012,12:10.
[21] WOUDSTRA T,THOMSON A B R.Nutrient absorption and intestinal adaptation with ageing[J].Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology,2002,16(1):1-15.

[22] DE OLIVEIRA A N,FREITAS E R,FILGUEIRA T M B,et al.Limestone particle size and artificial light for laying hens in the second laying cycle[J].Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia,2013,42(7):481-488.

[23] LEE M H,CHO E J,CHOI E S,et al.The effect of hen age on egg quality in commercial layer[J].Korean Journal of Poultry Science,2016,43(4):253-261.

[24] MOLNÁR A,MAERTENS L,AMPE B,et al.Changes in egg quality traits during the last phase of production:is there potential for an extended laying cycle?[J].British Poultry Science,2016,57(6):842-847.

[25] ROBERTS J R,CHOUSALKAR K,SAMIULLAH.Egg quality and age of laying hens:implications for product safety[J].Animal Production Science,2013,53(12):1291-1297.

[26] TŮMOVÁ E,GOUS R M.Interaction of hen production type,age,and temperature on laying pattern and egg quality[J].Poultry Science,2012,91(5):1269-1275.

[27] PARK J A,SOHN S H.The influence of hen aging on eggshell ultrastructure and shell mineral components[J].Korean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources,2018,38(5):1080-1091.

[28] ZHU F,ZHANG F,HINCKE M,et al.iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis of duck eggshell during biomineralization[J].Proteomics,2019,19(11):1900011.
[29] PARK J A,CHO E J,PARK J Y,et al.Histological change of uterus endometrium and expression of the eggshell-related genes according to hen age[J].Korean Journal of Poultry Science,2017,44(1):19-28.

[30] HUNTLEY D M,HOLDER D P.Ultrastructure of shell gland tissue from hens producing good and poor eggshells[J].Poultry Science,1978,57(5):1365-1368.

[31] MORTIER L,DAESELEIRE E,HUYGHEBAERT G,et al.Presence and distribution of residues of the anticoccidials diclazuril,dimetridazole,halofuginone,robenidine,nicarbazin and narasin in eggs after administration of medicated feed and influence of the presence of these anticoccidials in feed on zootechnical parameters,yolk colour and shell quality[C]//Proceedings of the 18
th European Symposium on the Quality of Poultry Meat,11
th European Symposium on the Quality of Eggs and Egg Products.Doorwerth,Netherlands:World's Poultry Science Association,2005:15-21.
[32] FENG J,ZHANG H J,WU S G,et al.Uterine transcriptome analysis reveals mechanism underlying the ultrastructure differences of eggshell in young and aged laying hens[J/OL].BMC Genomics.(2020-06-23).https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-26128/v2.
[33] ROBERTS J R,CHOUSALKAR K K.Egg quality and food safety of table eggs:egg quality and age of flock-a horizontal study[C]//Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Australian Poultry Science Symposium.Sydney:The Poultry Research Foundation & The World's Poultry Science Association,2012:241-244.
[34] SAMIULLAH S,OMAR A S,ROBERTS J,et al.Effect of production system and flock age on eggshell and egg internal quality measurements[J].Poultry Science,2017,96(1):246-258.

[35] 李治学,魏丽娜,章世元.鸡蛋壳质量与超微结构关系的研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2008,44(1):35-39. LI Z X,WEI L N,ZHANG S Y.Studies on the relationship between eggshell quality and ultrastructure[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2008,44(1):35-39.(in Chinese)
[36] KHANAL R C,NEMERE I.Regulation of intestinal calcium transport[J].Annual Review of Nutrition,2008,28:179-196.
[37] WASSERMAN R H,TAYLOR A N.Some aspects of the intestinal absorption of calcium,with special reference to vitamin D[M]//COMAR C L,BRONNER F.Calcium physiology.New York:Academic Press,1969:321-403.
[38] WALLING M W.Regulation of intestinal calcium and inorganic phosphate absorption[M]//Parsons J A.Endocrinology of calcium metabolism.New York:Raven Press,1982.
[39] WASSERMAN R H.Vitamin D and the dual processes of intestinal calcium absorption[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2004,134(11):3137-3139.

[40] MARCUS C S,LENGEMANN F W.Absorption of Ca
45 and Sr
85 from solid and liquid food at various levels of the alimentary tract of the rat[J].The Journal of Nutrition,1962,77(2):155-160.

[41] CRAMER C F.Sites of calcium absorption and the calcium concentration of gut contents in the dog[J].Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology,1965,43(1):75-78.

[42] BAR A.Differential regulation of calbindin in the calcium-transporting organs of birds with high calcium requirements[J].The Journal of Poultry Science,2009,46(4):267-285.

[43] JIANG S,CUI L Y,SHI C,et al.Effects of dietary energy and calcium levels on performance,egg shell quality and bone metabolism in hens[J].The Veterinary Journal,2013,198(1):252-258.

[44] MITCHELL R D,EDWARDS JR H M.Effects of phytase and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on phytate utilization and the quantitative requirement for calcium and phosphorus in young broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,1996,75(1):95-110.

[45] CUFADAR Y,OLGUN O,YILDIZ A Ö.The effect of dietary calcium concentration and particle size on performance,eggshell quality,bone mechanical properties and tibia mineral contents in moulted laying hen[J].British Poultry Science,2011,52(6):761-768.

[46] ELAROUSSI M A,FORTE L R,EBER S L,et al.Calcium homeostasis in the laying hen.:1.Age and dietary calcium effects[J].Poultry Science,1994,73(10):1581-1589.

[47] CORDTS C,SCHMUTZ M,PREISINGER R.New alternatives for improving egg shell stability through breeding[J].Lohmann Information,2002,26:1-4.
[48] NYS Y,GUYOT N.Egg formation and chemistry[M]//NYS Y,BAIN M,VAN IMMERSEEL F.Improving the safety and quality of eggs and egg products.Philadelphia:Woodhead Publishing,2011:83-132.
[49] WIDEMAN JR R F,SATNICK J L,MITSOS W J,et al.Effect of saline adaptation and renal portal sodium infusion on glomerular size distributions and kidney function in domestic fowl[J].Poultry Science,1987,66(2):348-356.

[50] BAR A.Calcium transport in strongly calcifying laying birds:mechanisms and regulation[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Molecular & Integrative Physiology,2009,152(4):447-469.

[51] 张亚男,武书庚,张海军,等.蛋壳品质营养调控的研究进展[J].中国畜牧杂志,2012,48(21):79-83. ZHANG Y N,WU S G,ZHANG H J,et al.Research progresses of the regulations of eggshell quality in laying hens[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2012,48(21):79-83.(in Chinese)
[52] GOTO H,TAGAMI M,ARUGA M,et al.Influence of time of calcium intake on plasma concentrations of calcium and shell gland concentration of
CaBP-
D28
k mRNA[J].Japanese Poultry Science,2002,39(1):1-10.

[53] 姜明君.笼养蛋鸡钙代谢对蛋壳质量的影响及其机制研究[D].博士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学,2015. JIANG M J.Effect of calcium metabolism on eggshell quality in caged laying hens[D].Ph.D. Thesis.Taian:Shandong Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese)
[54] 孙从佼.鸡蛋壳品质的比较蛋白质组研究及离子转运基因抑制表达分析[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业大学,2014. SUN C J.Proteomic analysis on avian eggshell quality and inhibitory expression trial on ion transporter genes[D].Ph.D. Thesis.Beijing:China Agricultural University,2014.(in Chinese)
[55] 杨俊花.
TRPV6在蛋鸡不同组织的表达分布及其在蛋壳腺钙离子转运中的作用[D].博士学位论文.南京:南京农业大学,2010. YANG J H.Expression and localization of
TRPV6 in different tissues of laying hens and its effect on the calcium ion transport in eggshell glang[D].Ph.D. Thesis.Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2010.(in Chinese)
[56] 卜舒扬.不同产蛋期蛋鸡小肠及肾脏钙磷代谢相关因子表达变化的研究[D].硕士学位论文.沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2017. BU S Y.Study of intestine and kidney calcium-phosphorus metabolism related factors expression levels in different laying periods hens[D].Master's Thesis.Shenyang:Shenyang Agricultural University,2017.(in Chinese)
[57] 闪爱婷.不同产蛋期蛋鸡骨和蛋壳腺钙磷代谢相关因子表达变化的研究[D].硕士学位论文.沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2017. SHAN A T.Study of bony and uterine calcium-phosphorus metabolism related factors expression levels in different laying periods hens[D].Master's Thesis.Shenyang:Shenyang Agricultural University,2017.(in Chinese)
[58] WHITEHEAD C C.Overview of bone biology in the egg-laying hen[J].Poultry Science,2004,83(2):193-199.

[59] BLOOM M A,DOMM L V,NALBANDOV A V,et al.Medullary bone of laying chickens[J].American Journal of Anatomy,1958,102(3):411-453.

[60] WHITEHEAD C C,FLEMING R H.Osteoporosis in cage layers[J].Poultry Science,2000,79(7):1033-1041.

[61] OLGUN O,AYGUN A.Nutritional factors affecting the breaking strength of bone in laying hens[J].World's Poultry Science Journal,2016,72(4):821-832.

[62] SWIATKIEWICZ S,ARCZEWSKA-WLOSEK A.Prebiotic fructans and organic acids as feed additives improving mineral availability[J].World's Poultry Science Journal,2012,68(2):269-279.

[63] 郝春晖.骨质疏松症蛋鸡骨和蛋壳腺中钙磷代谢相关因子表达变化研究[D].硕士学位论文.沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2018. HAO C H.Study on the changes of calcium and phosphorus metabolism related factors expression in osteoporosis and eggshell glands of osteoporotic laying hens[D].Master's Thesis.Shenyang:Shenyang Agricultural University,2018.(in Chinese)
[64] BAR A,VAX E,HUNZIKER W,et al.The role of gonadal hormones in gene expression of calbindin (
Mr28,000) in the laying hen[J].General and Comparative Endocrinology,1996,103(1):115-122.

[65] REKAWIECKI R,KOWALIK M,KOTWICA J.Nuclear progesterone receptor isoforms and their functions in the female reproductive tract[J].Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences,2011,14(1):149-158.

[66] LUU K C,NIE G Y,SALAMONSEN L A.Endometrial calbindins are critical for embryo implantation:evidence from
in vivo use of morpholino antisense oligonucleotides[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2004,101(21):8028-8033.

[67] ZHANG J C,WANG Z Y,WANG X,et al.The paradoxical effects of progesterone on the eggshell quality of laying hens[J].Journal of Structural Biology,2020,209(2):107430.
[68] WISTEDT A,RIDDERSTRÅLE Y,WALL H,et al.Exogenous estradiol improves shell strength in laying hens at the end of the laying period[J].Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica,2014,56(1):34.
[69] DING Y Q,ZHU L J,BAGCHI M K,et al.Progesterone stimulates calcitonin gene expression in the uterus during implantation[J].Endocrinology,1994,135(5):2265-2274.

[70] STRÜNKER T,GOODWIN N,BRENKER C,et al.The CatSper channel mediates progesterone-induced Ca
2+ influx in human sperm[J].Nature,2011,471(7338):382-386.

[71] YANG H,CHOI K C,HYUN S H,et al.Coexpression and estrogen-mediated regulation of
TRPV6 and
PMCA1 in the human endometrium during the menstrual cycle[J].Molecular Reproduction and Development,2011,78(4):274-282.

[72] DICK I M,LIU J,GLENDENNING P,et al.Estrogen and androgen regulation of plasma membrane calcium pump activity in immortalized distal tubule kidney cells[J].Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology,2003,212(1/2):11-18.
[73] HANSEN K K,BECK M M,SCHEIDELER S E,et al.Exogenous estrogen boosts circulating estradiol concentrations and calcium uptake by duodenal tissue in heat-stressed hens[J].Poultry Science,2004,83(6):895-900.

[74] BECK M M,HANSEN K K.Role of estrogen in avian osteoporosis[J].Poultry Science,2004,83(2):200-206.

[75] SAKI A A,IJI P A,TIVEY D R.Intestinal function and reproductive capacity of Tegel pullets in response to exogenous oestrogen[J].Archiv für Tierernaehrung,2002,56(3):237-244.

[76] NI Y D,ZHU Q,ZHOU Z L,et al.Effect of dietary daidzein on egg production,shell quality,and gene expression of
ER-α,
GH-
R,and
IGF-
IR in shell glands of laying hens[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2007,55(17):6997-7001.

[77] RICHARDS J D,ZHAO J M,HARRELL R J,et al.Trace mineral nutrition in poultry and swine[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2010,23(11):1527-1534.

[78] CARVALHO L S S,ROSA D R V,LITZ F H,et al.Effect of the inclusion of organic copper,manganese,and zinc in the diet of layers on mineral excretion,egg production,and eggshell quality[J].Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science,2015,17(spe):87-92.

[79] BAI S P,JIN G,LI D L,et al.Dietary organic trace minerals level influences eggshell quality and minerals retention in hens[J].Annals of Animal Science,2017,17(2):503-515.

[80] XIAO J F,ZHANG Y N,WU S G,et al.Manganese supplementation enhances the synthesis of glycosaminoglycan in eggshell membrane:a strategy to improve eggshell quality in laying hens[J].Poultry Science,2014,93(2):380-388.

[81] TSAI Y H,MAO S Y,LI M Z,et al.Effects of nanosize zinc oxide on zinc retention,eggshell quality,immune response and serum parameters of aged laying hens[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2016,213:99-107.
[82] MAO S Y,LIEN T F.Effects of nanosized zinc oxide and γ-polyglutamic acid on eggshell quality and serum parameters of aged laying hens[J].Archives of Animal Nutrition,2017,71(5):373-383.

[83] OLGUN O,AYGUN A.Effect of copper supplementation on performance,eggshell quality and heterophil:lymphocyte ratio in aged laying hens housed at different stocking densities[J].Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology,2017,17(1):25-33.

[84] LIM H S,PAIK I K.Effects of supplementary mineral methionine chelates (Zn,Cu,Mn)on the performance and eggshell quality of laying hens[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2003,16(12):1804-1808.

[85] QIU J L,ZHOU Q,ZHU J M,et al.Organic trace minerals improve eggshell quality by improving the eggshell ultrastructure of laying hens during the late laying period[J].Poultry Science,2020,99(3):1483-1490.

[86] TÜZÜN A E,OLGUN O,YILDIZ A Ö.The effect of high-level dietary supplementation with different zinc sources on performance,eggshell quality and bone characteristics in layer quails[J].Agriculture for Life,Life for Agriculture,2018,1(1):176-182.

[87] ZHANG Y N,WANG J,ZHANG H J,et al.Effect of dietary supplementation of organic or inorganic manganese on eggshell quality,ultrastructure,and components in laying hens[J].Poultry Science,2017,96(7):2184-2193.

[88] OLGUN O.Manganese in poultry nutrition and its effect on performance and eggshell quality[J].World's Poultry Science Journal,2017,73(1):45-56.

[89] DARAMOLA O T,JIMOH A O,OLORUNTOLA O D,et al.Effect of herbal supplement on the laying performance and antioxidant status of serum and egg yolk of laying birds[J].Biotechnology Journal International,2018,21(3):2456-7051.
[90] DING X M,YU Y,SU Z W,et al.Effects of essential oils on performance,egg quality,nutrient digestibility and yolk fatty acid profile in laying hens[J].Animal Nutrition,2017,3(2):127-131.

[91] MOUSAVI A,MAHDAVI A H,RIASI A,et al.Synergetic effects of essential oils mixture improved egg quality traits,oxidative stability and liver health indices in laying hens fed fish oil[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2017,234:162-172.
[92] LOKAEWMANEE K,YAMAUCHI K E,KOMORI T,et al.Eggshell quality,eggshell structure and small intestinal histology in laying hens fed dietary Pantoea-6
® and plant extracts[J].Italian Journal of Animal Science,2014,13(2):3163.
[93] BOLUKBASI S C,URUSAN H,ERHAN M K.Effects of mentha pulegium extract and vitamin e supplementation on laying hens performance,egg quality,antioxidant enzyme activity in serum[J].Fresenius Environmental Bulletin,2018,27(12):8014-8020.
[94] ABDELQADER A,AL-FATAFTAH A R,DAŞ G.Effects of dietary
Bacillus subtilis and inulin supplementation on performance,eggshell quality,intestinal morphology and microflora composition of laying hens in the late phase of production[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2013,179(1/2/3/4):103-111.
[95] ÇUFADAR Y.Effects of dietary different levels of rosemary essential oil on performance and eggshell quality parameters in laying hens[J].Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences,2018,32(3):454-457.
[96] MOREKI J C,VAN DER MERWE H J C,HAYES J P.Effect of dietary calcium level on egg production and egg shell quality in broiler breeder hens from 36 to 60 weeks of age[J].Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research,2011,1(1):1-7.
[97] ŚWIATKIEWICZ S,ARCZEWSKA-WLOSEK A,KRAWCZYK J,et al.Effects on performance and eggshell quality of particle size of calcium sources in laying hens' diets with different Ca concentrations[J].Archives Animal Breeding,2015,58(2):301-307.

[98] SIRIRAT N,LU J J,HUNG A T Y,et al.Effects different levels of nanoparticles chromium picolinate supplementation on growth performance,mineral retention,and immune responses in broiler chickens[J].Journal of Agricultural Science,2012,4(12):48-58.
[99] FORBES R M,WEINGARTNER K E,PARKER H M,et al.Bioavailability to rats of zinc,magnesium and calcium in casein-,egg- and soy protein-containing diets[J].The Journal of Nutrition,1979,109(9):1652-1660.

[100] AO T,PIERCE J.The replacement of inorganic mineral salts with mineral proteinates in poultry diets[J].World's Poultry Science Journal,2013,69(1):5-16.

[101] LIU Y L,WAN D,ZHOU X H,et al.Effects of dynamic feeding low- and high-methionine diets on the variation of glucose and lipid metabolism-related genes in the liver of laying hens[J].Poultry Science,2019,98(5):2231-2240.

[102] LIN X,LIU Y L,MENG T T,et al.Circadian calcium feeding regime in laying hens related to zinc concentration,gene expression of circadian clock,calcium transporters and oxidative status[J].Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology,2018,50:518-526.