Effects of Citrus Extract on Intestinal Antioxidant Indices, Digestive Enzyme Activities, Ammonia Nitrogen Contents and Fecal Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Odor Contents of Finishing Pigs

  • CUI Yiyan ,
  • TIAN Zhimei ,
  • DENG Dun ,
  • LU Huijie ,
  • LIU Zhichang ,
  • WANG Gang ,
  • MA Xianyong
Expand
  • 1. Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Meat Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, The Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science(South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
    2. Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China

Received date: 2020-10-17

  Online published: 2021-05-14

Supported by

 

Abstract

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of citrus extract on intestinal antioxidant indices, digestive enzyme activities, ammonia nitrogen contents and fecal nitrogen, phosphorus and odor contents of finishing pigs. One hundred and eight 56-day-old "Duroc×Landrace×Large White" finishing pigs with body weight of (19.73±0.39) kg were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and 6 pigs per replicate. Pigs in the control group were fed a basal diet, pigs in antibiotic group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 75 g/t chlortetracycline, and pigs in citrus extract group were fed the basal diet supplemented with citrus extract (250 mL/t during 56 to 112 days of age and 200 mL/t during 113 to 194 days of age). The experiment lasted for 138 days. The results showed as follows. 1) compared with the antibiotic group, the content of malondialdehyde in duodenum of citrus extract group showed a decreasing tendency (0.05≤P<0.10), and the content of malondialdehyde in jejunum was significantly decreased (P<0.05). 2) Compared with the control group, the activities of pepsin and lipase in duodenum of citrus extract group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the amylase activity was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the control group and antibiotic group, the activity of pepsin in jejunum of citrus extract group was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the amylase activity was significantly decreased (P<0.05); compared with the control group, the activity of trypsin in jejunum of citrus extract group was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the activity of amylase in ileum of citrus extract group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). 3) There were no significant differences in intestinal ammonia nitrogen content and fecal nitrogen and phosphorus contents among all groups (P>0.05). 4) There were no significant differences in fecal ammonia and hydrogen sulfide contents among all groups (P>0.05). In conclusion, citrus extract can improve the intestinal protease and lipase activities of finishing pigs, decrease the intestinal amylase activity, and has no negative effect on intestinal antioxidant capacity, fecal nitrogen, phosphorus and odor emission.

Cite this article

CUI Yiyan , TIAN Zhimei , DENG Dun , LU Huijie , LIU Zhichang , WANG Gang , MA Xianyong . Effects of Citrus Extract on Intestinal Antioxidant Indices, Digestive Enzyme Activities, Ammonia Nitrogen Contents and Fecal Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Odor Contents of Finishing Pigs[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2021 , 33(5) : 2585 -2594 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.05.019

References

[1] SMERIGLIO A,CORNARA L,DENARO M,et al.Antioxidant and cytoprotective activities of an ancient Mediterranean citrus (Citrus lumia Risso) albedo extract:microscopic observations and polyphenol characterization[J].Food Chemistry,2019,279:347-355.
[2] NDAYISHIMIYE J,LIM D J,CHUN B S.Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of oils obtained from a mixture of citrus by-products using a modified supercritical carbon dioxide[J].Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry,2018,57:339-348.
[3] GOLIOMYTIS M,SIMITZIS P,PAPALEXI A,et al.Influence of citrus flavonoids on laying hen performance,inflammatory immune response,egg quality and yolk oxidative stability[J].British Poultry Science,2019,60(3):272-278.  
[4] CIRMI S,MAUGERI A,FERLAZZO N,et al.Anticancer potential of citrus juices and their extracts:a systematic review of both preclinical and clinical studies[J].Frontiers in Pharmacology,2017,8:420.
[5] LOBOVA D,CIZEK A.Bactericidal efficacy of two disinfectants against Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and one feed supplement against B. hyodysenteriae and B.pilosicoli[J].Veterinárni Medicína,2004,49(5):156-160.  
[6] SIMITZIS P E,CHARISMIADOU M A,GOLIOMYTIS M,et al.Antioxidant status,meat oxidative stability and quality characteristics of lambs fed with hesperidin,naringin or α-tocopheryl acetate supplemented diets[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2018,99(1)343-349.
[7] ALHIDARY I A,ABDELRAHMAN M M.Effects of naringin supplementation on productive performance,antioxidant status and immune response in heat-stressed lambs[J].Small Ruminant Research,2016,138:31-36.
[8] BOROOJENI F G,MÄNNER K,ZENTEK J.The impacts of Macleaya cordata extract and naringin inclusion in post-weaning piglet diets on performance,nutrient digestibility and intestinal histomorphology[J].Archives of Animal Nutrition,2018,72(3):178-189.  
[9] POURHOSSEIN Z,QOTBI A A A,SEIDAVI A,et al.Effect of different levels of dietary sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) peel extract on humoral immune system responses in broiler chickens[J].Animal Science Journal,2015,86(1):105-110.  
[10] CUI Y Y,TIAN Z M,WANG G,et al.Citrus extract improves the absorption and utilization of nitrogen and gut health of piglets[J].Animals,2020,10(1):112.
[11] 崔艺燕,田志梅,邓盾,等.柑橘提取物对仔猪免疫功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2020,32(1):99-108. CUI Y Y,TIAN Z M,DENG D,et al.Effects of citrus extract on immunity of piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2020,32(1):99-108.(in Chinese)
[12] 蒲万霞,魏云霞,孟晓琴,等.靛酚蓝-分光光度法测定胃肠道内容物中氨态氮含量研究[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2008,43(5):13-17. PU W X,WEI Y X,MENG X Q,et al.Determination of NH4+-N content in castrointestinal with indophenol blue spectrophotometric method[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2008(5):13-17.(in Chinese)
[13] 秦红,赵燕,车向荣,等.乳酸片球菌对肥育猪生长性能及肠道抗氧化能力、形态结构和菌群的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(8):2953-2960. QIN H,ZHAO Y,CHE X R,et al.Effects of Pediococcus acidilactici on growth performance,intestinal antioxidant function,morphological structure and microflora of finishing pigs[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2017,29(8):2953-2960.(in Chinese)
[14] BAKAR E,ULUCAM E,CERKEZKAYABEKIR A,et al.Investigation of the effects of naringin on intestinal ischemia reperfusion model at the ultrastructural and biochemical level[J].Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,2019,109:345-350.
[15] ZHOU P,LUO Y Q,ZHANG L,et al.Effects of cysteamine supplementation on the intestinal expression of amino acid and peptide transporters and intestinal health in finishing pigs[J].Animal Science Journal,2017,88(2):314-321.  
[16] GUO K,REN J N,GU G S,et al.Hesperidin protects against intestinal inflammation by restoring intestinal barrier function and up-regulating Treg cells[J].Molecular Nutrition & Food Research,2019,63(11):1800975.
[17] PI Y,GAO K,PENG Y,et al.Antibiotic-induced alterations of the gut microbiota and microbial fermentation in protein parallel the changes in host nitrogen metabolism of growing pigs[J].Animal,2019,13(2):262-272.  
[18] OTEIZA P I,FRAGA C G,MILLS D A,et al.Flavonoids and the gastrointestinal tract:local and systemic effects[J].Molecular Aspects of Medicine,2018,61:41-49.
[19] PIRAHANCHI Y,SHARMA S.Biochemistry,lipase[M].Treasure Island:StatPearls Publishing,2020.
[20] YANG X,XIN H L,YANG C B,et al.Impact of essential oils and organic acids on the growth performance,digestive functions and immunity of broiler chickens[J].Animal Nutrition,2018,4(4):388-393.  
[21] 傅曼琴,肖更生,吴继军,等.广陈皮促消化功能物质基础的研究[J].中国食品学报,2018,18(1):56-64. FU M Q,XIAO G S,WU J J,et al.Studies on chemical basis of digestion promoting function of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae (Citrus reticulate ‘Chachi’)[J].Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology,2018,18(1):56-64.(in Chinese)
[22] LIU J B,CAO S C,LIU J,et al.Effect of probiotics and xylo-oligosaccharide supplementation on nutrient digestibility,intestinal health and noxious gas emission in weanling pigs[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2018,31(10):1660-1669.  
[23] TAKAHAMA U,HIROTA S.Interactions of flavonoids with α-amylase and starch slowing down its digestion[J].Food & Function,2018,9(2):677-687.  
[24] SHEN W,XU Y,LU Y H.Inhibitory effects of Citrus flavonoids on starch digestion and antihyperglycemic effects in HepG2 cells[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2012,60(38):9609-9619.  
[25] KNUDSEN K E B,HEDEMANN M S,LÆRKE H N.The role of carbohydrates in intestinalhealth of pigs[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2012,173(1/2):41-53.
[26] VELTHOF G L,HOU Y,OENEMA O.Nitrogen excretion factors of livestock in the European Union:a review[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2015,95(15):3004-3014.  
[27] FERKET P R,VAN HEUGTEN E,VAN KEMPEN T A T G,et al.Nutritional strategies to reduce environmental emissions from nonruminants[J].Journal of Animal Science,2002,80(2):168-182.
[28] 方美烟,漆雯雯,唐伟,等.饲喂不同钙、磷水平饲粮对妊娠后期伊犁马营养物质消化代谢和血浆生理生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(9):2761-2770. FANG M Y,QI W W,TANG W,et al.Effects of feeding different levels of calcium and phosphorus diets on nutrient digestion and metabolism,plasma physiological biochemical indices of Yili mares during late pregnancy[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2016,28(9):2761-2770.(in Chinese)
[29] 柏兆海.我国主要畜禽养殖体系资源需求、氮磷利用和损失研究[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业大学,2015. BAI Z H.The resources requirement,nitrogen and phosphorus use and losses in the main livestock production system in China[D].Ph.D.Thesis.Beijing:China Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese)
[30] YAN L,MENG Q W,KIM I H.The effect of an herb extract mixture on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,blood characteristics and fecal noxious gas content in growing pigs[J].Livestock Science,2011,141(2/3):143-147.
[31] 朱伟.环境温度对畜舍有害气体排放及其对肉羊血液生化指标的影响[D].硕士学位论文.兰州:甘肃农业大学,2018. ZHU W.Effects of ambient temperature on noxious gases emission from chamber and their impact on plasma biochemical parameters of sheep[D].Master's Thesis.Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2018.(in Chinese)
[32] LEI X J,LEE S I,KIM I H.Effects of different levels of dietary protein with or without plant extract YGF251 on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,blood profiles,fecal microbial shedding,and fecal gas emission in growing pigs[J].Animal Science Journal,2019,90(4):547-553.  
[33] BERNAL M P,ALBURQUERQUE J A,MORAL R.Composting of animal manures and chemical criteria for compost maturity assessment.A review[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100(22):5444-5453.  
[34] 姜继韶,黄懿梅,黄华,等.猪粪秸秆高温堆肥过程中碳氮转化特征与堆肥周期探讨[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(11):2511-2517. ZHANG J S,HUANG Y M,HUANG H,et al.Carbon and nitrogen dynamics and stabilization time of a swine manure-straw compost[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2011,31(11):2511-2517.(in Chinese)
[35] 赵明德,杨冲,刘攀,等.牲畜粪便氨气挥发相关研究进展[J].生态科学,2018,37(2):214-222. ZHAO M D,YANG C,LIU P,et al.Relevant research progress on the ammonia emission of livestock manure[J].Ecological Science,2018,37(2):214-222.(in Chinese)
[36] WEBB J,BROOMFIELD M,JONES S,et al.Ammonia and odour emissions from UK pig farms and nitrogen leaching from outdoor pig production.A review[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,470-471:865-875.
Outlines

/