Effects of Different Neutral Detergent Fiber Sources and Particle Sizes of Total Mixed Ration on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Parameters and Feeding Behavior of Suckling Calves

WANG Shuo; MIAO Yun; JIAO Chong; DIAO Qiyu; PIAO Minyu; KONG Luxin; XIE Ruibao; MA Changyong; JIANG Linshu; YU Bo; TU Yan

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.07.035

2021 , Vol. 33 >Issue 7: 3934 - 3948

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.07.035

RUMINANT AND HERBIVORE NUTRITION AND FEED

Effects of Different Neutral Detergent Fiber Sources and Particle Sizes of Total Mixed Ration on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Parameters and Feeding Behavior of Suckling Calves

WANG Shuo ,
MIAO Yun ,
JIAO Chong ,
DIAO Qiyu ,
PIAO Minyu ,
KONG Luxin ,
XIE Ruibao ,
MA Changyong ,
JIANG Linshu ,
YU Bo ,
TU Yan

Expand

1. Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China;
2. Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China;
3. Shandong Yinxiang Weiye Group Co., Ltd., Heze 274400, China;
4. Animal Epidemic Prevention Station of Cui Village of Changping District, Beijing 102200, China

Received date: 2020-01-08

Online published: 2021-07-06

Supported by

Fold

Abstract

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of different neutral detergent fiber (NDF) sources (oat hay and soybean hull) and particle sizes of total mixed ration (TMR) on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters and feeding behavior of suckling calves. Forty-five (4.2±2.3)-day-old Holstein calves with similar average body weight of (39.2±3.6) kg were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups with 15 calves (9 males and 6 females) per group. Calves in 3 groups were fed oat hay powder TMR (SO group), long oat hay TMR (LO group) and soybean hull powder TMR (SS group), respectively. All calves were raised individually and the experiment lasted from 7 to 63 days of age. The results showed as follows:1) different NDF sources and particle sizes of TMR had no significant effects on body weight, dry matter intake, average daily gain, body length, body oblique length, cruciform height, heart girth and hip width of calves (P>0.05), and the feed conversion ratio in whole period of SS group was significantly higher than that of SO group (P<0.05). 2) Different NDF sources and particle sizes of TMR had no significant effect on sorting index of calves (P>0.05), and with the day of age increased, the sorting index of each sieve gradually approached 1. 3) The serum alkaline phosphoric acid (ALP) activity at 21 days of age and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (AST) activity at 49 days of age of LO calves were significantly higher than those of SO group (P<0.05), and the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity at 49 days of age of SS group was significantly lower than that of SO group (P<0.05); on the mean, the activities of AST and ALP in serum of LO group were significantly higher than those of SO group (P<0.05), the contents of total protein (TP) and globulin (GLB) in serum of SS group were significantly higher than those in SO group (P<0.05), and the interaction of different NDF sources and day of age significant affected the serum GLB content (P<0.05). 4) At 15 days of age, the non-nutritive oral behavior (NNOB) duration of LO group tended to be lower than that of SO group (0.05 ≤ P<0.10), and the eating times tended to be higher than that of SO group (0.05 ≤ P<0.10). At 30 days of age, the drinking duration and NNOB duration of SO group were significantly higher than those of LO group (P<0.05), the ruminating duration and drinking duration of SO group were significantly higher than those of SS group (P<0.05), and the ruminating times of SO group tended to be higher than that of SS group (0.05 ≤ P<0.10). In conclusion, soybean hull powder instead of oat hay powder as the primary NDF source of TMR has better feed conversion for calves, but increase the risk of rumen acidosis due to reducing the ruminating duration. From the perspective of TMR particle size, longer particle size TMR can reduce NNOB of calves.

Key words： calves; total mixed ration; particle sizes; NDF sources; soybean bull; behavior

Cite this article

WANG Shuo , MIAO Yun , JIAO Chong , DIAO Qiyu , PIAO Minyu , KONG Luxin , XIE Ruibao , MA Changyong , JIANG Linshu , YU Bo , TU Yan . Effects of Different Neutral Detergent Fiber Sources and Particle Sizes of Total Mixed Ration on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Parameters and Feeding Behavior of Suckling Calves[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2021 , 33(7) : 3934 -3948 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.07.035

References

[1] BEIRANVAND H,GHORBANI G R,KHORVASH M,et al.Interactions of alfalfa hay and sodium propionate on dairy calf performance and rumen development[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2014,97(4):2270-2280.

[2] PAZOKI A,GHORBANI G R,KARGAR S,et al.Growth performance,nutrient digestibility,ruminal fermentation,and rumen development of calves during transition from liquid to solid feed:effects of physical form of starter feed and forage provision[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2017,234:173-185.
[3] ARZOLA-ÁLVAREZ C,BOCANEGRA-VIEZCA J A,MURPHY M R,et al.Particle size distribution and chemical composition of total mixed rations for dairy cattle:water addition and feed sampling effects[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93(9):4180-4188.

[4] CASTELLS L,BACH A,ARAUJO G,et al.Effect of different forage sources on performance and feeding behavior of Holstein calves[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2012,95(1):286-293.

[5] OVERVEST M A,BERGERON R,HALEY D B,et al.Effect of feed type and method of presentation on feeding behavior,intake,and growth of dairy calves fed a high level of milk[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2016,99(1):317-327.

[6] HORVATH K C,MILLER-CUSHON E K.Evaluating effects of providing hay on behavioral development and performance of group-housed dairy calves[J].Journal of Dairy Science,102(11):10411-10422.
[7] CASTELLS L,BACH A,ARIS A,et al.Effects of forage provision to young calves on rumen fermentation and development of the gastrointestinal tract[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2013,96(8):5226-5236.

[8] GRETER A M,LESLIE K E,MASON G J,et al.Effect of feed delivery method on the behavior and growth of dairy heifers[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93(4):1668-1676.

[9] ENGELKING L E,MATSUBA T,INOUCHI K,et al.Effects of feeding hay and calf starter as a mixture or as separate components to Holstein calves on intake,growth,and blood metabolite and hormone concentrations[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2020,103(5):4423-4434.

[10] MILLER-CUSHON E K,DEVRIES T J.Effect of early feed type exposure on diet-selection behavior of dairy calves[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2011,94(1):342-350.

[11] DEVRIES T J,VON KEYSERLINGK M A G,BEAUCHEMIN K A.Frequency of feed delivery affects the behavior of lactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2005,88(10):3553-3562.

[12] LEONARDI C,GIANNICO F,ARMENTANO L E.Effect of water addition on selective consumption (sorting) of dry diets by dairy cattle[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2005,88(3):1043-1049.

[13] COSTA J H C,ADDERLEY N A,WEARY D M,et al.Short communication:effect of diet changes on sorting behavior of weaned dairy calves[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2016,99(7):5635-5639.

[14] MILLER-CUSHON E K,DEVRIES T J.Feeding amount affects the sorting behavior of lactating dairy cows[J].Canadian Veterinary Journal,2010,90(1):1-7.
[15] MONTORO C,MILLER-CUSHON E K,DEVRIES T J,et al.Effect of physical form of forage on performance,feeding behavior,and digestibility of Holstein calves[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2013,96(2):1117-1124.

[16] KARGAR S,KANANI M.Reconstituted versus dry alfalfa hay in starter feed diets of Holstein dairy calves:effects on feed intake,feeding and chewing behavior,feed preference,and health criteria[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2019,102(5):4061-4071.

[17] BACH A,GIMÉNEZ A,JUARISTI J L,et al.Effects of physical form of a starter for dairy replacement calves on feed intake and performance[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2007,90(6):3028-3033.

[18] 任春燕,毕研亮,郭艳丽,等.开食料中性洗涤纤维水平对犊牛生长性能、血清生化指标和抗氧化功能的影响[J].中国农业科学,2020,53(2):440-450. REN C Y,BI Y L,GUO Y L.et al.Effects of NDF level of starter on growth performance,serum biochemical parameters and antioxidant[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2020,53(2):440-450.(in Chinese)
[19] 马满鹏,王炳,屠焰,等.不同中性洗涤纤维来源饲粮对荷斯坦公犊牛生长性能、消化代谢和血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2019,31(6):2682-2692. MA M P,WANG B,TU Y,et al.Effects of dietary different neutral detergent fiber sources on growth performance,digestion and metabolism and serum biochemical indexes of Holstein male calves[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(6):2682-2692.(in Chinese)
[20] NRC.Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle[S].7th rev. ed.Washington,D.C.:National Research Council,2001.
[21] AOAC International.Official methods of analysis[S].17th ed.Arlington,VA:AOAC International,2002.
[22] KARGAR S,KANANI M.Reconstituted versus dry alfalfa hay in starter feed diets of Holstein dairy calves:effects on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,and metabolic indications of rumen development[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2019,102(5):4051-4060.

[23] WANG B,MA M P,DIAO Q Y,et al.Saponin-induced shifts in the rumen microbiome and metabolome of young cattle[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2019,10:356.
[24] LEONARDI C,ARMENTANO L E.Effect of quantity,quality,and length of alfalfa hay on selective consumption by dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(2):557-564.

[25] ESTIMA C C P,BRUENING M,HANNAN P J,et al.A cross-cultural comparison of eating behaviors and home food environmental factors in adolescents from São Paulo (Brazil) and Saint Paul-Minneapolis (US)[J].Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior,2014,46(5):370-375.

[26] MILLER-CUSHON E K,MONTORO C,BACH A,et al.Effect of early exposure to mixed rations differing in forage particle size on feed sorting of dairy calves[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2013,96(5):3257-3264.

[27] COSTA J H C,ADDERLEY N A,WEARY D M,et al.Short communication:effect of diet changes on sorting behavior of weaned dairy calves[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2016,99(7):5635-5639.

[28] PROVENZA F D.Postingestive feedback as an elementary determinant of food preference and intake in ruminants[J].Journal of Range Management,1995,48(1):2-17.

[29] HAGA S,FUJIMOTO S,YONEZAWA T,et al.Changes in hepatic key enzymes of dairy calves in early weaning production systems[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2008,91(8):3156-3164.

[30] HAMMON H M,STEINHOFF-WAGNER J,SCHÖNHUSEN U,et al.Energy metabolism in the newborn farm animal with emphasis on the calf:endocrine changes and responses to milk-born and systemic hormones[J].Domestic Animal Endocrinology,2012,43(2):171-185.

[31] DONKIN S S,ARMENTANO L E.Insulin and glucagon regulation of gluconeogenesis in preruminating and ruminating bovine[J].Journal of Animal Science,1995,73(2):546-551.

[32] CHISHTI G A,SALFER I J,SUAREZ-MENA F X,et al.Short communication:relationships between physical form of oats in starter,rumen pH,and volatile fatty acids on hepatic expression of genes involved in metabolism and inflammation in dairy calves[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2020,103(1):439-446.

[33] VAN VLIERBERGHE H,LANGLOIS M,DELANGHE J.Haptoglobin polymorphisms and iron homeostasis in health and in disease[J].Clinica Chimica Acta,2004,345(1/2):35-42.
[34] QUINLAN G J,MARTIN G S,EVANS T W.Albumin:biochemical properties and therapeutic potential[J].Hepatology,2005,41(6):1211-1219.

[35] 王硕,胡凤明,刁其玉,等.奶牛反刍行为调控机制研究进展[J].动物营养学报,2021,33(4):1869-1879. WANG S,HU F M,DIAO Q Y,et al.Research progress on regulation mechanism of ruminating behavior in dairy cows[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2021,33(4):1869-1879.(in Chinese)
[36] JOHNSTON C,DEVRIES T J.Short communication:associations of feeding behavior and milk production in dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2018,101(4):3367-3373.

[37] KAUFMAN E I,LEBLANC S J,MCBRIDE B W,et al.Association of rumination time with subclinical ketosis in transition dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2016,99(7):5604-5618.

[38] KING M T M,DANCY K M,LEBLANC S J,et al.Deviations in behavior and productivity data before diagnosis of health disorders in cows milked with an automated system[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2017,100(10):8358-8371.

Options

Outlines

模态框（Modal）标题

Abstract

Cite this article

References