RUMINANT AND HERBIVORE NUTRITION AND FEED

Effects of Different Urea Addition Levels on in Vitro Rumen Fermentation and Functional Microbial Populations of Steam-Exploded Corn Stover

  • SUN Meijie ,
  • XU Yixuan ,
  • CAO Yurong ,
  • DU Fengguang ,
  • SHEN Junshi ,
  • ZHU Weiyun
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  • 1. Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
    2. Eco Zhuoxin Energy-Saving Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201109, China

Received date: 2020-12-15

  Online published: 2021-07-06

Supported by

 

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different urea addition levels on in vitro rumen fermentation and functional microbial populations of steam-exploded corn stover. The experiment was designed with a 2×3 factorial arrangement:two corn stover substrates (untreated corn stover and steam-exploded corn stover), and three urea addition levels (0, 20 and 100 mg/dL). Ruminal fermentation parameters and functional microbial populations were measured after 72 h of rumen fermentation in vitro. The results showed as follows:1) steam explosion decreased the contents of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and hemicellulose of corn stover, while increased the contents of neutral detergent soluble (NDS) and acid detergent fiber (ADF). 2) Compared with untreated corn stover, the total gas production of steam-exploded corn stover was significantly increased (P<0.01). The total gas production linearly decreased with the increase of urea addition level (P<0.01). 3) Significant interactions between corn stover type and urea addition level were detected for dry matter digestibility (DMD) (P<0.01) and ammonia (NH3-N) concentration (P=0.02), the DMD of steam-exploded corn stover was significantly higher than that of untreated corn stover (P<0.05). Under the same urea addition level, the NH3-N concentration of steam-exploded corn stover was significantly lower than that of untreated corn stover (P<0.05). 4) Compared with untreated corn stover, the total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and acetate concentrations of steam-exploded corn stover were significantly increased (P<0.05). With the increase of urea addition level, the concentration of total VFA (P<0.05) and acetate concentrations (P=0.04) displayed a quadratic dose response. 5) There were significant interactions between corn stover type and urea addition level on the populations of total bacteria (P<0.01), methanogens (P=0.04) and protozoa (P<0.01). In conclusion, steam explosion treatment changes the chemical composition of corn stover, improves the rumen fermentation by increasing the populations of functional microbiota. Based on the background ammonia concentration (10.82 mg/dL), appropriate urea addition level (20 mg/dL) can increase the total VFA production of corn stover fermentation in vitro, whereas excessive urea addition will inhibit the rumen fermentation in vitro. However, steam explosion can alleviate the adverse effect of high ammonia concentration on rumen fermentation in vitro.

Cite this article

SUN Meijie , XU Yixuan , CAO Yurong , DU Fengguang , SHEN Junshi , ZHU Weiyun . Effects of Different Urea Addition Levels on in Vitro Rumen Fermentation and Functional Microbial Populations of Steam-Exploded Corn Stover[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2021 , 33(7) : 3959 -3969 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.07.037

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