RUMINANT AND HERBIVORE NUTRITION AND FEED

Effects of Adding Defective Apple Fermentation on Quality of Corn Straw Silage

  • GUO Rui ,
  • AI Qi ,
  • CHEN Yafei ,
  • SU Huawei
Expand
  • 1. College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, Alar 843300, China;
    3. College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
    4. State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing 100193, China

Received date: 2021-01-06

  Online published: 2021-07-06

Supported by

 

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of defective apple fermentation on the quality of corn straw silage and the appropriate addition ratio. Mixed silage was carried out according to the weight ratio of defective apple fermentation and corn straw at 0:10 (group Ⅰ),1:9 (group Ⅱ),3:7 (group Ⅲ),5:5 (group Ⅳ),7:3 (group Ⅴ), respectively, and 3 replicates for each group. After 90 days of silage, the nutrient levels and fermentation quality of the mixed silage was determined as well as the dynamics of pH, number of lactic acid bacteria, yeasts group and mold under aerobic exposure. The results showed that the addition of 30% or more of defective apple fermentation increased significantly the crude protein and water soluble carbohydrate contents of the silage materials and decreased significantly the contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber (P<0.05); the sensory quality of silage without adding defective apple fermentation was medium, while the treatment with adding defective apple fermentation improved significantly the sensory quality of the silage; in the fermentation products, number of lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and lactic acid/total acid increased significantly with the increase of the percentage of defective apple fermentation(P<0.05), while acetic acid/total acid and ammonia/total nitrogen decreased significantly with the increase of the percentage of defective apple fermentation(P<0.05), the content of butyric acid and the ratio of butyric acid to total acid were lower significantly in group Ⅲ than those in the other groups (P<0.05); the score for the fermentation quality of silage without adding defective apple fermentation was medium, while the score for groups Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ with adding defective apple fermentation were good, excellent, excellent and excellent. During aerobic exposure, with the extension of time, the pH, the number of yeast and mold increased gradually, the number of lactic acid bacteria decreased gradually in each group; the number of lactic acid bacteria in group Ⅰ was always lower significantly than that in each other group (P<0.05), the number of yeast and mold were always higher significantly than those in each other group (P<0.05); from the first day of aerobic exposure, the number of lactic acid bacteria in group Ⅲ was higher significantly than that in all other groups (P<0.05); the pH, the number of yeast and mold in groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ were lower significantly than that in all other groups (P<0.05). In conclusion, adding defective apple fermentation improves corn straw silage quality, and the appropriate ratio is between 3:7 and 5:5.

Cite this article

GUO Rui , AI Qi , CHEN Yafei , SU Huawei . Effects of Adding Defective Apple Fermentation on Quality of Corn Straw Silage[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2021 , 33(7) : 3970 -3979 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.07.038

References

[1] 谢开云,曹凯,万江春,等.新疆半干旱区不同豆科/禾本科牧草混播草地生产力的变化研究[J].草业学报,2020,29(4):29-40. XIE K Y,CAO K,WAN J C,et al.Changes in productivity of different legume/grass forage mixes in semi-arid areas of Xinjiang[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2020,29(4):29-40.(in Chinese)
[2] 姚幸,韩建民.西北牧区经济发展与草地退化的关系[J].草业科学,2015,32(4):628-634. YAO X,HAN J M.The relationship between economic development and grassland degradation in northwest pastureland[J].Grassland Science,2015,32(4):628-634.(in Chinese)
[3] 张彦虎.新疆草地农业发展模式研究[D].博士学位论文.石河子:石河子大学,2015:12-14. ZHANG Y H.Study on the development model of grassland agriculture in Xinjiang[D].Ph.D.Thesis.Shihezi:Shihezi University,2015:12-14.(in Chinese)
[4] 李亚利,何亚南,郭宇欢.推进新疆林果业基地建设高质量发展的对策建议[J].新疆林业,2019(2):4-7. LI Y L,HE Y N,GUO Y H.Countermeasures and suggestions for promoting the high-quality development of Xinjiang forestry and fruit industry base[J].Xinjiang Forestry,2019(2):4-7.(in Chinese)
[5] 新疆维吾尔自治区统计局.新疆统计年鉴2019[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2019. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Bureau of Statistics.Xinjiang statistical yearbook 2019[M].Beijing:China Statistics Press,2019.(in Chinese)
[6] 李雪冬,李玉春,姜中武.新疆阿克苏地区苹果生产现状及发展前景[J].烟台果树,2020(3):10-12. LI X D,LI Y C,JIANG Z W.Current status and development prospects of apple production in Aksu,Xinjiang[J].Yantai Fruit Tree,2020(3):10-12. (in Chinese)
[7] 王虎玄.浓缩苹果汁全产业链高渗酵母分离鉴定及电子鼻快速检测方法研究[D].博士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016:1-3. WANG H X.Study on the isolation and identification of hyperosmotic yeast from the whole industry chain of apple juice concentrate and the rapid detection method of electronic nose[D].Ph.D.Thesis.Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2016:1-3.(in Chinese)
[8] 胡仲秋.苹果酒酵母BAT2基因和支链氨基酸代谢对香气形成的影响[D].博士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2015:1-2. HU Z Q.Effect of cider yeast BAT2 gene and branched-chain amino acid metabolism on aroma formation[D].Ph.D.Thesis.Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2015:1-2.(in Chinese)
[9] 王磊.南疆林果业发展存在的问题及对策建议[J].新疆林业,2018(3):28-31. WANG L.Problems in the development of forest fruit industry in southern Xinjiang and suggestions for countermeasures[J].Xinjiang Forestry,2018(3):28-31.(in Chinese)
[10] 宋振宇,张一为,孙志颖,等.饲喂苹果渣与麦秸混合青贮对荷斯坦公牛增重及血液生化指标的影响[J].中国奶牛,2016(10):5-8. SONG Z Y,ZHANG Y W,SUN Z Y,et al.Effects of mixed silage of apple pomace and wheat straw on the weight gain and blood biochemical indexes of Holstein bulls[J].China Dairy Cow,2016(10):5-8.(in Chinese)
[11] FANG J C,XIA G J,CAO Y.Effects of replacing commercial material with apple pomace on the fermentation quality of total mixed ration silage and its digestibility,nitrogen balance and rumen fermentation in wethers[J].Grassland Science,2019,66(2):124-131.
[12] 张英杰,杨增.苹果渣和葡萄渣在反刍动物上的应用[J].饲料工业,2016,37(10):1-3. ZHANG Y J,YANG Z.The application of apple pomace and grape pomace in ruminants[J].Feed Industry,2016,37(10):1-3.(in Chinese)
[13] 任海伟,孙安琪,任军乐,等.添加白菜尾菜和甲酸对干玉米秸秆贮存品质的影响[J].草业学报,2019,28(8):61-71. REN H W,SUN A Q,REN J L,et al.Effects of adding cabbage tail vegetables and formic acid on the storage quality of dried corn stalks[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2019,28(8):61-71.(in Chinese)
[14] 任海伟,窦俊伟,赵拓,等.添加剂对玉米秸秆和莴笋叶混贮品质的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(10):142-152. REN H W,DOU J W,ZHAO T,et al.Effects of additives on the quality of mixed storage of corn stalks and lettuce leaves[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2016,25(10):142-152.(in Chinese)
[15] HE L W,WANG C,XING Y Q,et al.Ensiling characteristics,proteolysis and bacterial community of high-moisture corn stalk and stylo silage prepared with Bauhinia variegate flower[J].Bioresource Technology,2020,296:122336.
[16] 张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003. ZHANG L Y.Feed analysis and feed quality testing techniques[M].2nd Edition.Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,2003.(in Chinese)
[17] VAN SOEST P J,ROBERTSON J B,LEWIS B A.Methods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber,and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(10):3583-3597.  
[18] DUBOIS M,GILLES K A,HAMILTON J K,et al.Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances[J].Analytical Chemistry,1956,28(3):350-356.  
[19] 王凤林,张莉娟,孟媛,等.不同比例微生物组合对玉米秸秆青贮品质的影响[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2017,36(11):4701-4706. WANG F L,ZHANG L J,MENG Y,et al.Effect of different ratios of microbial combinations on silage quality of maize stover[J].Genomics and Applied Biology,2017,36(11):4701-4706.(in Chinese)
[20] 柳俊超,姜俊芳,宋雪梅,等.青贮饲料中主要有机酸的高效液相色谱分离分析[J].畜牧与兽医,2015,47(10):47-52. LIU J C,JIANG J F,SONG X M,et al.Separation and analysis of main organic acids in silage by high performance liquid chromatography[J].Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2015,47(10):47-52.(in Chinese)
[21] 陈雷,原现军,郭刚,等.添加乳酸菌制剂和丙酸对全株玉米全混合日粮青贮发酵品质和有氧稳定性的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2015,46(1):104-110. CHEN L,YUAN X J,GUO G,et al.The effect of adding lactic acid bacteria and propionic acid on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of whole-plant corn silage[J].Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2015,46(1):104-110.(in Chinese)
[22] 黄文明,陈红跃,殷丽,等.样品前处理方法对全株玉米青贮pH和氨态氮测定值的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2019,55(2):90-93. HUANG W M,CHEN H Y,YIN L,et al.Effects of sample preparation methods on the determination of pH and ammonia nitrogen in whole-plant corn silage[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Husbandry,2019,55(2):90-93.(in Chinese)
[23] 张养东,杨军香,王宗伟,等.青贮饲料理化品质评定研究进展[J].中国畜牧杂志,2016,52(12):37-42. ZHANG Y D,YANG J X,WANG Z W,et al.Research progress on physical and chemical quality assessment of silage[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Husbandry,2016,52(12):37-42.(in Chinese)
[24] 牟林林,宦海琳,许能祥,等.凋萎时间对多花黑麦草青贮品质及微生物动态变化的影响[J].南方农业学报,2019,50(12):2771-2777. MOU L L,HUAN H L,XU N X,et al.Effect of withering time on silage quality and microbial dynamics of multiflora ryegrass[J].Southern Journal of Agriculture.2019,50(12):2771-2777.(in Chinese)
[25] 李艳芬,程金花,田川尧,等.双乙酸钠对苜蓿青贮品质、营养成分及蛋白分子结构的影响[J].草业学报,2020,29(2):163-171. LI Y F,CHENG J H,TIAN C Y,et al.Effects of sodium diacetate on the quality,nutritional components and protein molecular structure of alfalfa silage[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2020,29(2):163-171.(in Chinese)
[26] 周瑞,刘立山,郎侠,等.甜菜块根和玉米秸秆混贮营养品质及有氧暴露期微生物数量分析[J].草地学报,2019,27(1):192-198. ZHOU R,LIU L S,LANG X,et al.Nutritional quality of mixed storage of sugar beet roots and corn stalks and microbial quantity analysis during aerobic exposure period[J].Acta Grassland,2019,27(1):192-198.(in Chinese)
[27] 杨道兰,汪建旭,冯炜弘,等.花椰菜茎叶与玉米秸秆的混贮品质[J].草业科学,2014,31(3):551-557. YANG D L,WANG J X,FENG W H,et al.Mixed storage quality of cauliflower stems and leaves and corn stalks[J].Pragmatic Science,2014,31(3):551-557.(in Chinese)
[28] 李树成,黄晓辉,王静,等.白花草木樨与玉米秸秆混合青贮的发酵品质及有毒成分分析[J].草业科学,2014,31(2):321-327. LI S C,HUANG X H,WANG J,et al.Fermentation quality and toxic components analysis of the mixed silage of white clover and corn stalks[J].Pragmatic Science,2014,31(2):321-327.(in Chinese)
[29] 任海伟,赵拓,李金平,等.玉米秸秆与废弃白菜的混贮品质及乳酸菌多样性研究[J].草业学报,2016,25(1):197-206. REN H W,ZHAO T,LI J P,et al.Mixed storage quality of corn stover and waste cabbage and lactic acid bacteria diversity[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2016,25(1):197-206.(in Chinese)
[30] 徐生阳,闵旭东,云颖,等.短乳杆菌对有氧暴露过程中不同品种全株玉米青贮品质的影响[J].草业科学,2019,36(1):252-260. XU S Y,MIN X D,YUN Y,et al.The effect of Lactobacillus brevis on the quality of whole-plant corn silage of different varieties during aerobic exposure[J].Pragmatic Science,2019,36(1):252-260.(in Chinese)
[31] 梁小玉,季杨,易军,等.混合比例和添加剂对菊苣与青贮玉米混合青贮品质的影响[J].草业学报,2018,27(2):173-181. LIANG X Y,JI Y,YI J,et al.Effect of mixing ratio and additives on silage quality of chicory mixed with maize silage[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2018,27(2):173-181.(in Chinese)
[32] 李真真,白春生,余奕东,等.刈割期及添加剂对苜蓿青贮品质及CNCPS蛋白组分的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(11):167-172. LI Z Z,BAI C S,YU Y D,et al.Effects of cutting time and additives on alfalfa silage quality and CNCPS protein components[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2016,25(11):167-172.(in Chinese)
[33] 郭晓军,郭威,周贤,等.产有机酸芽孢杆菌对玉米秸秆青贮品质及有氧稳定性的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(8):163-165. GUO X J,GUO W,ZHOU X,et al.Effects of Bacillus producing organic acids on the quality and aerobic stability of corn straw silage[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2017,45(8):163-165.(in Chinese)
[34] KE W C,YANG F Y,UNDERSANDER D J,et al.Fermentation characteristics,aerobic stability,proteolysis and lipid composition of alfalfa silage ensiled with apple or grape pomace[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2015,202:12-19.
[35] 孙雨坤,王林,孙启忠,等.添加苹果渣对苜蓿青贮品质的影响[J].中国草地学报,2015,37(1):83-89. SUN Y K,WANG L,SUN Q Z,et al.The effect of adding apple pomace on the quality of alfalfa silage[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2015,37(1):83-89.(in Chinese)
[36] 王旭哲,张凡凡,马春晖,等.添加乳酸菌对开窖后玉米青贮品质及有氧稳定性的影响[J].中国草地学报,2019,41(3):115-123. WANG X Z,ZHANG F F,MA C H,et al.Effects of adding lactic acid bacteria on corn silage quality and aerobic stability after opening the pit[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2019,41(3):115-123.(in Chinese)
[37] ZUO S S,JIANG D,NIU D Z,et al.A lower cost method of preparing corn stover for Irpex lacteus treatment by ensiling with lactic acid bacteria[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2019,33(8):1273-1283.
[38] 万学瑞,豆思远,李玉,等.复合乳酸菌对全株玉米青贮及有氧暴露后微生物及饲料品质的影响[J].草业学报,2020,29(11):83-90. WAN X R,DOU S Y,LI Y,et al.Effect of Lactobacillus complex on microbial and feed quality of whole plant maize after silage and aerobic exposure[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2020,29(11):83-90.(in Chinese)
[39] FERRERO F,TABACCO E,BORREANI G.Effects of a mixture of monopropionine and monobutyrin on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of whole crop maize silage[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2019,258:114319.
Outlines

/