Biological Functions of Dihydroquercetin and Its Application Progress in Livestock and Poultry Production

  • WANG Mengyu ,
  • WAN Fan ,
  • YI Bao ,
  • ZHANG Hongfu
Expand
  • 1. State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
    2. College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China

Received date: 2021-04-29

  Online published: 2021-11-10

Supported by

 

Abstract

Dihydroquercetin, a flavonoid compound, has many biological functions including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, anti-cancer, and anti-virus effects, etc., which has been used in food, medicine and other fields. Especially, with antibiotics prohibition in feed, dihydroquercetin, as a natural plant extract, has a broad application prospect in livestock and poultry production. In this review, the preliminary application of dihydroquercetin in the animal husbandry was summarized. Besides, in order to provide theoretical basis for healthful breeding and developing new feed additives for livestock and poultry, the molecular structure and physicochemical properties of dihydroquercetin were introduced briefly, and the biological functions and possible mechanisms were discussed.

Cite this article

WANG Mengyu , WAN Fan , YI Bao , ZHANG Hongfu . Biological Functions of Dihydroquercetin and Its Application Progress in Livestock and Poultry Production[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2021 , 33(11) : 6057 -6068 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.11.007

References

[1] BIANCHIN M, PEREIRA D, ALMEIDA J F, et al.Antioxidant properties of lyophilized rosemary and sage extracts and its effect to prevent lipid oxidation in poultry Pátê[J].Molecules, 2020, 25(21):5160.
[2] XIE Q F, CHENG J J, CHEN J F, et al.Comparation of anti-inflammatory and antioxidantactivities of curcumin, tetrahydrocurcumin and octahydrocurcuminin LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages[J].Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2020, 2020:8856135.
[3] ZHAO F, YAN S, TIAN M.Blueberry polyphenol extracts enhance the intestinal antioxidant capacity in weaned rats by modulating the Nrf2-Keap1 signal pathway[J].Frontiers in Physiology, 2021, 12:640737.
[4] PANCHE A N, DIWAN A D, CHANDRA S R.Flavonoids:an overview[J].Journal of Nutritional Science, 2016, 5:e47.
[5] PAL H C, ATHAR M, ELMETS C A, et al.Fisetin inhibits UVB-induced cutaneous inflammation and activation of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathways in SKH-1 hairless mice[J].Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2015, 91(1):225-234.  
[6] PEW J C.A flavonone from Douglas-fir heartwood[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1948, 70(9):3031-3034.  
[7] LEI L M, CHAI Y F, LIN H M, et al.Dihydroquercetin activates AMPK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in macrophages and attenuates inflammation in LPS-Induced endotoxemic mice[J].Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2020, 11:662.
[8] FUKUI Y, NAKADOME K, ARIYOSHI H.Studies on the monomer flavonoides of the plants of coniferae.Ⅱ.Isolation of a new taxifolin glucoside from the leaves of Chamaecyparis obtusa Endlicher[J].Yakugaku Zasshi, 1966, 86(3):184-187.  
[9] SEKER M E, CELIK A, DOST K, et al.Corrigendum to:investigation of pycnogenol content in five different pine barks species grown in Turkey by HPLC-UV and LC-MS[J/OL]. Journal of Chromatographic Science, (2021-03-25)[2021-05-14].https://academic.oup.com/chromsci/advance-article/doi/10.1093/chromsci/bmab039/6187090.
[10] WALLACE S N, CARRIER D J, CLAUSEN E C.Batch solvent extraction of flavanolignans from milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.Gaertner)[J].Phytochemical Analysis, 2005, 16(1):7-16.  
[11] TOPAL F, NAR M, GOCER H, et al.Antioxidant activity of taxifolin:an activity-structure relationship[J].Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2016, 31(4):674-683.  
[12] 王宇, 王遂.RP-HPLC法测定落叶松中二氢槲皮素的含量[J].化学工程师, 2009, 23(2):22-24. WANG Y, WANG S.Determination of dihydroquercetin in larch by RP-HPLC[J].Chemical Engineer, 2009, 23(2):22-24.(in Chinese)
[13] ROGOZHIN V V, PERETOLCHIN D V.Kinetic regulations of dihydroquercetin oxidation with horseradish peroxide[J].Bioorganicheskaia Khimiia, 2009, 35(5):640-645.
[14] HU C, YE J W, ZHAO L C, et al.5, 7, 3', 4'-flavan-on-ol (taxifolin) protects against acetaminophen-induced liver injury by regulating the glutathione pathway[J].Life Sciences, 2019, 236:116939.
[15] EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA), TURCK D, CASTENMILLER J, et al.Safety of hot water extract of fruits and peduncles of Hovenia dulcis as a novel food pursuant to regulation 1(EU) 2015/2283[J].EFSA Journal, 2020, 18(8):e06196.
[16] RAJNOCHOVÁ S A, RYŠAVÁ A, PSOTOVÁ M, et al.The phototoxic potential of the flavonoids, taxifolin and quercetin[J].Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2017, 93(5):1240-1247.  
[17] GOGOI N, CHOWDHURY P, GOSWAMI A K, et al.Computational guided identification of a citrus flavonoid as potential inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 main protease[J/OL].Molecular Diversity, (2020-11-25)[2021-05-14].https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33236176/.
[18] SCHAUSS A G, TSELYICO S S, KUZNETSOVA V A, et al.Toxicological and genotoxicity assessment of a dihydroquercetin-rich dahurian larch tree (Larix gmelinii Rupr) extract (lavitol)[J].International Journal of Toxicology, 2015, 34(2):162-181.  
[19] KUANG H, TANG Z, ZHANG C, et al.Taxifolin activates the Nrf2 anti-oxidative stress pathway in mouse skin epidermal JB6 P+ cells through epigenetic modifications[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2017, 18(7):1546.
[20] JOMOVÁ K, HUDECOVA L, LAURO P, et al.A switch between antioxidant and prooxidant properties of the phenolic compounds myricetin, morin, 3', 4'-dihydroxyflavone, taxifolin and 4-hydroxy-coumarin in the presence of copper(Ⅱ) ions:a spectroscopic, absorption titration and DNA damage study[J].Molecules, 2019, 24(23):4335.
[21] NOWAK M, TRYNISZEWSKI W, SARNIAK A, et al.Effect of physiological concentrations of vitamin C on the inhibitation of hydroxyl radical induced light emission from Fe2+-EGTA-H2O2 and Fe3+-EGTA-H2O2 systems in vitro[J].Molecules, 2021, 26(7):1993.
[22] MIYANISHI K, TANAKA S, SAKAMOTO H, et al.The role of iron in hepatic inflammation and hepatocellular carcinoma[J].Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 2019, 133:200-205.
[23] BABENKOVA I V, OSIPOV A N, TESELKIN Y O.The effect of dihydroquercetin on catalytic activity of iron (Ⅱ) ions in the fenton reaction[J].Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 2018, 165(3):347-350.  
[24] DING T, WANG S F, ZHANG X Y, et al.Kidney protection effects of dihydroquercetin on diabetic nephropathy through suppressing ROS and NLRP3 inflammasome[J].Phytomedicine, 2018, 41:45-53.
[25] XIE X B, FENG J, KANG Z F, et al.Taxifolin protects RPE cells against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis[J].Molecular Vision, 2017, 23:520-528.
[26] CHEN X F, HUANG J, HU Z H, et al.Protective effects of dihydroquercetin on an APAP-induced acute liver injury mouse model[J].International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, 2017, 10(10):10223-10232.
[27] NI H M, MCGILL M R, CHAO X J, et al.Removal of acetaminophen protein adducts by autophagy protects against acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice[J].Journal of Hepatology, 2016, 65(2):354-362.  
[28] SHU Z P, YANG Y N, YANG L, et al.Cardioprotective effects of dihydroquercetin against ischemia reperfusion injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt pathway[J].Food & Function, 2019, 10(1):203-215.  
[29] PIRGOZLIEV V R, MANSBRIDGE S C, WESTBROOK C A, et al.Feeding dihydroquercetin and vitamin E to broiler chickens reared at standard and high ambient temperatures[J].Archives of Animal Nutrition, 2020, 74(6):496-511.  
[30] TUROVSKAYA M V, GAIDIN S G, MAL'TSEVA V N, et al.Taxifolin protects neurons against ischemic injury in vitro via the activation of antioxidant systems and signal transduction pathways of GABAergic neurons[J].Molecular and Cellular Neurosciences, 2019, 96:10-24.
[31] MOHAN V, DAS S, RAO S B.Hydroxytyrosol, a dietary phenolic compound forestalls the toxic effects of methylmercury-induced toxicity in IMR-32 human neuroblastoma cells[J].Environmental Toxicology, 2016, 31(10):1264-1275.  
[32] CHEN M J, XI Y M, CHEN K L, et al.Upregulation sestrin2 protects against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage bovine mammary epithelial cells via a Keap1-Nrf2/ARE pathway[J].Journal of Cellular Physiology, 2021, 236(1):392-404.  
[33] YANG Q, ZHAO Z Z, XIE J, et al.Senkyunolide Ⅰ attenuates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice via anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic pathways[J].International Immunopharmacology, 2021, 97:107717.
[34] ZHAO M Y, CHEN J J, ZHU P, et al.Dihydroquercetin (DHQ) ameliorated concanavalin A-induced mouse experimental fulminant hepatitis and enhanced HO-1 expression through MAPK/Nrf2 antioxidant pathway in RAW cells[J].International Immunopharmacology, 2015, 28(2):938-944.  
[35] LI G T, WU X W, SUN P, et al.Dithiolation indolizine exerts viability suppression effects on A549 cells via triggering intrinsic apoptotic pathways and inducing G2/M phase arrest[J].Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2021, 133:110961.
[36] SALAMA S A, KABEL A M.Taxifolin ameliorates iron overload-induced hepatocellular injury:modulating PI3K/AKT and p38 MAPK signaling, inflammatory response, and hepatocellular regeneration[J].Chemico-Biological Interactions, 2020, 330:109230.
[37] ZAI W J, CHEN W, LUAN J Y, et al.Dihydroquercetin ameliorated acetaminophen-induced hepatic cytotoxicity via activating JAK2/STAT3 pathway and autophagy[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2018, 102(3):1443-1453.  
[38] AHISKALI I, PINAR C L, KIKI M, et al.Effect of taxifolin on methanol-induced oxidative and inflammatory optic nerve damage in rats[J].Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2019, 38(4):384-389.  
[39] PAN S L, ZHAO X X, JI N, et al.Inhibitory effect of taxifolin on mast cell activation and mast cell-mediated allergic inflammatory response[J].International Immunopharmacology, 2019, 71:205-214.
[40] FUSCO R, CORDARO M, SIRACUSA R, et al.Effects of hydroxytyrosol against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in bovine mammary epithelial cells:a natural therapeutic tool for bovine mastitis[J].Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 2020, 9(8):693.
[41] ZHANG L Q, ZHANG J L, JIANG X L, et al.Hydroxytyrosol inhibits LPS-induced neuroinflammatory responses via suppression of TLR-4-mediated NF-κB P65 activation and ERK signaling pathway[J].Neuroscience, 2020, 426:189-200.
[42] LIU J H, CAO L, ZHANG C H, et al.Dihydroquercetin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury through modulating FOXO3-mediated NF-κB signaling via miR-132-3p[J].Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2020, 64:101934.
[43] CHEN J, SUN X, XIA T, et al.Pretreatment with dihydroquercetin, a dietary flavonoid, protected against concanavalin A-induced immunological hepatic injury in mice and TNF-α/ActD-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells[J].Food & Function, 2018, 9(4):2341-2352.  
[44] GALOCHKINA A V, ANIKIN V B, BABKIN V A, et al.Virus-inhibiting activity of dihydroquercetin, a flavonoid from Larix sibirica, against Coxsackie virus B4 in a model of viral pancreatitis[J].Archives of Virology, 2016, 161(4):929-938.  
[45] 叶艳琼, 王晓莉, 蔡骞, 等.花旗松素对过氧化氢诱导H9C2细胞焦亡的保护作用[J].中南大学学报(医学版), 2017, 42(12):1367-1374. YE Y Q, WANG X L, CAI Q, et al.Protective effect of taxifolin on H2O2-induced H9C2 cell pyroptosis[J].Journal of Central South University (Medical Science), 2017, 42(12):1367-1374.(in Chinese)
[46] CAO X Y, BI R C, HAO J L, et al.A study on the protective effects of taxifolin on human umbilical vein endothelial cells and THP-1 cells damaged by hexavalent chromium:a probable mechanism for preventing cardiovascular disease induced by heavy metals[J].Food & Function, 2020, 11(5):3851-3859.  
[47] CAI C, LIU C Y, ZHAO L M, et al.Effects of taxifolin on osteoclastogenesis in vitro and in vivo[J].Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2018, 9:1286.
[48] SU X, LIU K, XIE Y, et al.Protective effect of a polyphenols-rich extract from Inonotus Sanghuang on bleomycin-induced acute lung injury in mice[J].Life Sciences, 2019, 230:208-217.
[49] XIE X L, CONG L, LIU S J, et al.Genistein alleviates chronic vascular inflammatory response via the miR-21/NF-κB p65 axis in lipopolysaccharide-treated mice[J].Molecular Medicine Reports, 2021, 23(3):192.
[50] OTTERBEIN L E, BACH F H, ALAM J, et al.Carbon monoxide has anti-inflammatory effects involving the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway[J].Nature Medicine, 2000, 6(4):422-428.  
[51] HOU J X, HU M Y, ZHANG L, et al.Dietary taxifolin protects against dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis via NF-κB signaling, enhancing intestinal barrier and modulating gut microbiota[J].Frontiers in Immunology, 2020, 11:631809.
[52] HAO B W, SUN R T, GUO X T, et al.NOX4-Derived ROS promotes collagen Ⅰ deposition in bronchial smooth muscle cells by activating noncanonical p38MAPK/Akt-mediated TGF-β signaling[J].Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2021:6668971.
[53] CHEN J W, HU Y B, MOU X, et al.Amygdalin alleviates renal injury by suppressing inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats[J].Life Sciences, 2021, 265:118835.
[54] REN L, GUO H N, YANG J, et al.Dissecting efficacy and metabolic characteristic mechanism of Taxifolin on renal fibrosis by multivariate approach and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry-based metabolomics strategy[J].Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2020, 11:608511.
[55] IMPELLIZZERI D, TALERO E, SIRACUSA R, et al.Protective effect of polyphenols in an inflammatory process associated with experimental pulmonary fibrosis in mice[J].The British Journal of Nutrition, 2015, 114(6):853-865.  
[56] GUO H P, ZHANG X, CUI Y Q, et al.Taxifolin protects against cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis during biomechanical stress of pressure overload[J].Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 2015, 287(2):168-177.  
[57] WANG W, MA B L, XU C G, et al.Dihydroquercetin protects against renal fibrosis by activating the Nrf2 pathway[J].Phytomedicine, 2020, 69:153185.
[58] SONG M K, LEE J H, RYOO I G, et al.Bardoxolone ameliorates TGF-β1-associated renal fibrosis through Nrf2/Smad7 elevation[J].Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 2019, 138:33-42.
[59] LIU X L, LIU W C, DING C B, et al.Taxifolin, extracted from waste Larix olgensis roots, attenuates CCl4-induced liver fibrosis by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and TGF-β1/smads signaling pathways[J].Drug Design, Development and Therapy, 2021, 15:871-887.
[60] QIAN W B, CAI X R, QIAN Q H, et al.Astragaloside Ⅳ modulates TGF-β1-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal transition in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis[J].Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 2018, 22(9):4354-4365.  
[61] ZANNIKOU M, BARBAYIANNI I, FANIDIS D, et al.MAP3K8 regulates Cox-2-mediated prostaglandin E2 production in the lung and suppresses pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis[J].Journal of Immunology, 2021, 206(3):607-620.  
[62] AULA H, SKYTTÄ T, TUOHINEN S, et al.Decreases in TGF-β1 and PDGF levels are associated with echocardiographic changes during adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer[J].Radiation Oncology, 2018, 13(1):201.
[63] DADRICH M, NICOLAY N H, FLECHSIG P, et al.Combined inhibition of TGFβ and PDGF signaling attenuates radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis[J].Oncoimmunology, 2016, 5(5):e1123366.
[64] BUCUR M, DINCA O, VLADAN C, et al.Variation in expression of inflammation-related signaling molecules with profibrotic and antifibrotic effects in cutaneous and oral mucosa scars[J].Journal of Immunology Research, 2018, 2018:5196023.
[65] LI Q, MING Y, JIA H, et al.Poricoic acid A suppresses TGF-β1-induced renal fibrosis and proliferation via the PDGF-C, Smad3 and MAPK pathways[J].Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 2021, 21(4):289.
[66] GENG Y, SUN Q, LI W, et al.The common dietary flavonoid myricetin attenuates liver fibrosis in carbon tetrachloride treated mice[J].Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 2017, 61(4):1600392.
[67] ZHANG Z Y, PAN Y, ZHAO Y, et al.Delphinidin modulates JAK/STAT3 and MAPKinase signaling to induce apoptosis in HCT116 cells[J].Environmental Toxicology, 2021, 36(8):1557-1566.  
[68] LI J, HU L, ZHOU T, et al.Taxifolin inhibits breast cancer cells proliferation, migration and invasion by promoting mesenchymal to epithelial transition via β-catenin signaling[J].Life Sciences, 2019, 232:116617.
[69] YUAN X H, LI N, ZHANG M M, et al.Taxifolin attenuates IMQ-induced murine psoriasis-like dermatitis by regulating T helper cell responses via Notch1 and JAK2/STAT3 signal pathways[J].Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2020, 123:109747.
[70] RAZAK S, AFSAR T, ULLAH A, et al.Taxifolin, a natural flavonoid interacts with cell cycle regulators causes cell cycle arrest and causes tumor regression by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway[J].BMC Cancer, 2018, 18(1):1043.
[71] GE F, TIAN E, WANG L, et al.Taxifolin suppresses rat and human testicular androgen biosynthetic enzymes[J].Fitoterapia, 2018, 125:258-265.
[72] WANG R H, ZHU X J, WANG Q, et al.The anti-tumor effect of taxifolin on lung cancer via suppressing stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in vitro and oncogenesis in nude mice[J].Annals of Translational Medicine, 2020, 8(9):590.
[73] CHEN X, GU N, XUE C, et al.Plant flavonoid taxifolin inhibits the growth, migration and invasion of human osteosarcoma cells[J].Molecular Medicine Reports, 2018, 17(2):3239-3245.
[74] ZHOU W, LIU Z M, WANG M, et al.Taxifolin inhibits the scar cell carcinoma growth by inducing apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and suppression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway[J].Journal of B.U.ON:Official Journal of the Balkan Union of Oncology, 2019, 24(2):853-858.
[75] SILVA V L, SAXENA J, NICOLINI F, et al.Chloroxine overrides DNA damage tolerance to restore platinum sensitivity in high-grade serous ovarian cancer[J].Cell Death & Disease, 2021, 12(4):395.
[76] KIKUCHI H, YUAN B, HU X M, et al.Chemopreventive and anticancer activity of flavonoids and its possibility for clinical use by combining with conventional chemotherapeutic agents[J].American Journal of Cancer Research, 2019, 9(8):1517-1535.
[77] CHEN H J, CHUNG Y L, LI C Y, et al.Taxifolin resensitizes multidrug resistance cancer cells via uncompetitive inhibition of P-glycoprotein function[J].Molecules, 2018, 23(12):3055.
[78] GALOCHKINA A V, ZARUBAEV V V, KISELEV O I, et al.Antiviral activity of the dihydroquercetin during the coxsackievirus B4 replication in virto[J].Voprosy virusologii, 2016, 61(1):27-31.
[79] FISCHER A, SELLNER M, NERANJAN S, et al.Potential inhibitors for novel coronavirus protease identified by virtual screening of 606 million compounds[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2020, 21(10):3626.
[80] RAJ U, VARADWAJ P K.Flavonoids as multi-target inhibitors for proteins associated with Ebola virus:in silico discovery using virtual screening and molecular docking studies[J].Interdisciplinary Sciences, Computational Life Sciences, 2016, 8(2):132-141.  
[81] EZZIKOURI S, NISHIMURA T, KOHARA M, et al.Inhibitory effects of pycnogenol on hepatitis C virus replication[J].Antiviral Research, 2015, 113:93-102.
[82] ZHANG H Q, WANG Y J, YANG G T, et al.Taxifolin inhibits receptor activator of NF-κB ligand-induced osteoclastogenesis of human bone marrow-derived macrophages in vitro and prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced bone loss in vivo[J].Pharmacology, 2019, 103(1/2):101-109.
[83] SAITO S, YAMAMOTO Y, MAKI T, et al.Taxifolin inhibits amyloid-β oligomer formation and fully restores vascular integrity and memory in cerebral amyloid angiopathy[J].Acta Neuropathologica Communications, 2017, 5(1):26.
[84] AKINMOLADUN A C, OLADEJO C O, JOSIAH S S, et al.Catechin, quercetin and taxifolin improve redox and biochemical imbalances in rotenone-induced hepatocellular dysfunction:relevance for therapy in pesticide-induced liver toxicity?[J].Pathophysiology, 2018, 25(4):365-371.  
[85] YANG J Z, LIANG J C, SHAO L, et al.Green production of silybin and isosilybin by merging metabolic engineering approaches and enzymatic catalysis[J].Metabolic Engineering, 2020, 59:44-52.
[86] MOEZIAN G S A, JAVADINIA S A, SALES S S, et al.Oral silymarin formulation efficacy in management of AC-T protocol induced hepatotoxicity in breast cancer patients:a randomized, triple blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial[J/OL].Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice, (2021-04-16)[2021-05-14]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33861657/.
[87] SAKUNRANGSIT N, METHEEPAKORNCHAI P, KUMPUNYA S, et al.Etanercept prevents TNF-α mediated mandibular bone loss in FcγRb-/- lupus model[J].PLoS One, 2021, 16(4):e0250215.
[88] LI X C, XIE H, JIANG Q, et al.The mechanism of (+) taxifolin's protective antioxidant effect for·OH-treated bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells[J].Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters, 2017, 22:31.
[89] CAI J Z, SHI G L, ZHANG Y, et al.Taxifolin ameliorates DEHP-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction and glycometabolism disorder in chicken[J].Environmental Pollution, 2019, 255(Pt.1):113155.
[90] ZHANG Y, SHI G L, CAI J Z, et al.Taxifolin alleviates apoptotic injury induced by DEHP exposure through cytochrome P450 homeostasis in chicken cardiomyocytes[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2019, 183:109582.
[91] ZHANG X, LI D Q, DONG C Y, et al.Molybdenum sulfide-based electrochemical platform for high sensitive detection of taxifolin in Chinese medicine[J].Analytica Chimica Acta, 2020, 1099:85-93.
[92] FOMICHEV Y, NIKANOVA L, LASHIN A.The effectiveness of using dihydroquercetin (taxifolin) in animal husbandry, poultry and apiculture for prevention of metabolic disorders, higher antioxidative capacity, better resistance and realisation of a productive potential of organism[J].Agriculture & Food, 2016, 4:140-159.
[93] SEMENOVA A A, NASONOVA V V, KUZNETSOVA T G, et al.PSⅢ-17 program chair poster pick:a study on the effect of dihydroquercetin added into a diet of growing pigs on meat quality[J].Journal of Animal Science, 2020, 98(Suppl.4):364.
[94] ZHENG Y Y, SHI G L, CAI J Z, et al.Di-(2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate induces necroptosis in chicken cardiomyocytes by triggering calcium overload[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2020, 387:121696.
[95] KEDARISETTY C K, BHARDWAJ A, KUMAR G, et al.Efficacy of combining pentoxiphylline and vitamin E versus vitamin E alone in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-A randomized pilot study[J].Indian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2021, 40(1):41-49.  
[96] BAKALIVANOVA T, KALOYANOV N.Effect of taxifolin, rosemary and synthetic antioxidants treatment on the mechanically separated poultry meat lipid peroxidation[J].Oxidation Communications, 2014, 37(1):254-261.
[97] TEDESCO D, TAVA A, GALLETTI S, et al.Effects of silymarin, a natural hepatoprotector, in periparturient dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science, 2004, 87(7):2239-2247.  
Outlines

/