Research Progress of Cecum Microbial Flora in Equine

  • ZHAO Linbo ,
  • BAI Tiantian ,
  • CUI Haoran ,
  • GUO Xuefeng
Expand
  • 1. College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China;
    2. Tarim Key Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China

Received date: 2021-04-26

  Online published: 2021-11-10

Supported by

 

Abstract

The cecum of equine is the main organ for the fermentation of a variety of microbial flora, and its microbial flora is an indispensable part of the digestive fiber. It is also the basis for the metabolic function of the cecum of equine, and can help equine animals avoid gastrointestinal diseases. It is of great significance to explore the species and functions of cecum microorganisms in equine animals to maintain their health and reduce intestinal diseases. This paper focuses on the types of cecum microorganisms, the characteristics of fermentation parameters, the main effects of different species of microorganisms on cecum digestion, and the factors affecting the abundance and fermentation parameters of cecum microbial flora. The relationship between cecum microbial flora and related intestinal diseases in horses during fiber degradation is also briefly described, in order to prospect the future research direction of cecum microbial flora in horses.

Cite this article

ZHAO Linbo , BAI Tiantian , CUI Haoran , GUO Xuefeng . Research Progress of Cecum Microbial Flora in Equine[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2021 , 33(11) : 6093 -6103 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2021.11.011

References

[1] 赵红艳, 孙泽威.马属动物肠道微生物的研究进展[J].经济动物学报, 2014, 18(1):59-62. ZHAO H Y, SUN Z W.Advances on microorganisms in intestine of equine[J].Journal of Economic Animal, 2014, 18(1):59-62.(in Chinese)
[2] 刘利林, 白萨茹拉, 杨红建, 等.马属动物碳水化合物消化在维系盲肠微生物区系稳定与宿主机体健康中的作用[J].动物营养学报, 2017, 29(10):3429-3435. LIU L L, BAISARULA, YANG H J, et al.Roles of equine carbohydrate digestion in the maintenance of cecal microbial stability and host health[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2017, 29(10):3429-3435.(in Chinese)
[3] 张莹.牛瘤胃与马盲肠内微生物降解硝基毒素的特性与机理研究[D].博士学位论文.兰州:兰州大学, 2014. ZHANG Y.Characterization of bovine ruminal and equine cecal microbial populations enriched for enhanced nitro-toxin metabolizing activity[D].Ph.D.Thesis.Lanzhou:Lanzhou University, 2014.(in Chinese)
[4] MEDINA B, GIRARD I D, JACOTOT E, et al.Effect of a preparation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on microbial profiles and fermentation patterns in the large intestine of horses fed a high fiber or a high starch diet[J].Journal of Animal Science, 2002, 80(10):2600-2609.
[5] VERMOREL M, MARTIN-ROSSET W.Concepts, scientific bases, structure and validation of the French horse net energy system (UFC)[J].Livestock Production Science, 1997, 47(3):261-275.  
[6] ERICSSON A C, JOHNSON P J, LOPES M A, et al.A microbiological map of the healthy equine gastrointestinal tract[J].PLoS One, 2016, 11(11):e0166523.
[7] WEYENBERG S V, SALES J, JANSSENS G P J.Passage rate of digesta through the equine gastrointestinal tract:a review[J].Livestock Science, 2006, 99(1):3-12.  
[8] JULLIAND V, DE VAUX A, MILLET L, et al.Identification of ruminococcus flavefaciens as the predominant cellulolytic bacterial species of the equine cecum[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1999, 65(8):3738-3741.  
[9] ADE F, VARLOUD M, GOACHET A G, et al.Characterization of the microbial and biochemical profile of the different segments of the digestive tract in horses given two distinct diets[J].Animal Science, 2003, 77(2):293-304.  
[10] JOUANY J P, MEDINA B, BERTIN G, et al.Effect of live yeast culture supplementation on hindgut microbial communities and their polysaccharidase and glycoside hydrolase activities in horses fed a high-fiber or high-starch diet[J].Journal of Animal Science, 2009, 87(9):2844-2852.  
[11] JULLIAN V.Etude de l'écosystème caecal des équidés:aptitude à dégrader les polyosides pariétaux, caractérisation quantitative et qualitative des flores cellulolytiques bactériennes et fongiques dominantes[D].Ph.D.Thesis.Dijon:Université de Bourgogne, 1996.
[12] KERN D L, SLYTER L L, WEAVER J M, et al.Pony cecum vs.steer rumen:the effect of oats and hay on the microbial ecosystem[J].Journal of Animal Science, 1973, 37(2):463-469.  
[13] MORVAN B, RIEU-LESME F, FONTY G, et al.In vitro interactions between rumen H2-producing cellulolytic microorganisms and H2-utilizing acetogenic and sulfate-reducing bacteria[J].Anaerobe, 1996, 2(3):175-180.  
[14] DOUGAL K, HARRIS P A, EDWARDS A, et al.A comparison of the microbiome and the metabolome of different regions of the equine hindgut[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 2012, 82(3):642-652.  
[15] 邢振存.蒙古马和纯血马肠道真菌多样性初步研究及分析[D].硕士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学, 2016. XING Z C.Mongolian horse and thoroughbred intestinal fungal diversity preliminary research and analysis[D].Master's Thesis.Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2016.(in Chinese)
[16] 苏少锋.蒙古马胃肠道细菌群落组成及纤维素分解菌的研究[D].博士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学, 2019. SU S F.Characterization of gastrointestinal bacterial community and cellulose-decomposing bacteria in Mongolian horses[D].Ph.D.Thesis.Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2019.(in Chinese)
[17] 刘桂芹, 格日乐其木格, 邢敬亚, 等.驴肠道微生物多样性及代谢功能差异分析的研究[J].饲料工业, 2019, 40(19):24-29. LIU G Q, GERILEJIMUGE, XING J Y, et al.Analysis of microbial diversity and metabolic function difference in donkey between foregut and hindgut[J].Feed Industry, 2019, 40(19):24-29.(in Chinese)
[18] 杨晓艳.蒙古马肠道微生物的分离及其功能特性的研究[D].硕士学位论文.呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学, 2020. YANG X Y.Isolation and functional characteristics of intestinal microbes in Mongolian horse[D].Master's Thesis.Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2020.(in Chinese)
[19] 赵红艳.驴日粮粗饲料的组合效应及其对盲肠主要纤维分解菌的影响[D].硕士学位论文.长春:吉林农业大学, 2014. ZHAO H Y.The associative effects of dietary roughage of donkey and its impact on the major of cecum cellulolytic bacteria[D].Master's Thesis.Changchun:Jilin Agricultural University, 2014.(in Chinese)
[20] 刘宇, 江波涛, 史同瑞, 等.德州驴盲肠菌群测序分析[J].动物医学进展, 2019, 40(4):64-68. LIU Y, JIANG B T, SHI T R, et al.Sequencing analysis of bacterial community in caecum of healthy Dezhou donkeys[J].Progress in Veterinary Medicine, 2019, 40(4):64-68.(in Chinese)
[21] 刘桂芹, 格尔乐其木格, 张心壮, 等.饲喂方式对德州驴生长性能、营养物质消化率和盲肠微生物多样性的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2020, 32(2):706-714. LIU G Q, GEERLEJIMUGE, ZHANG X Z, et al.Effects of feeding mode on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and cecal microbial diversity of Dezhou donkeys[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2020, 32(2):706-714.(in Chinese)
[22] ALEXANDER F, MARGARET J, OXFORD A E.Fermentative activities of some members of the normal coccal flora of the horse's large intestine[J].Journal of Comparative Pathology, 1952, 62(4):252-259.
[23] BARUC J C, DAWSON K A, BAKER J P.The characterization and nitrogen metabolism of equine caecal bacteria[C]//8th Equine Nutrition and Physiology Symposium.USA:University of Kentucky, 1983:151-156.
[24] DAVIES M E.Cellulolytic bacteria isolated from the large intestine of the horse[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology, 1964, 27(3):373-378.
[25] LIN C, STAHL DA.Taxon-specific probes for the cellulolytic genus Fibrobacter reveal abundant and novel equine-associated populations[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1995, 61(4):1348-1351.  
[26] AL JASSIM RA M, SCOTT P T, TREBBIN A L, et al.The genetic diversity of lactic acid producing bacteria in the equine gastrointestinal tract[J].FEMS Microbiology Letters, 2005, 248(1):75-81.  
[27] MUHONEN S, WARTENA F C, WESKER A, et al.Effect of three different forage-based diets on microbial flora, pH and viscosity of the equine hindgut[C]//The 5th European Workshop on Equine Nutrition, Wageningen:Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2010:196-198.
[28] SADET-BOURGETEAU S, JULLIAND V.Equine microbial gastro-intestinal health[J].EAAP Scientific Series, 2010, 128(1):161-182.
[29] JULLIAND V, TISSERAND J L.Alimentation du poney:importance de la qualité de l'azotesur la flore microbienne caecum[C]//Compte rendu de la 18eme Journée d'étude la research equine, France:Proceedings of the Haras Nationaux ed.Paris:Paris press, 1992:2-11.
[30] JULLIAND V, PREVOST H, TISSERAND J L.Preliminary study of the cecal bacterial flora in the pony:quantification and diet effect[J].Annales de Zootechnie, 1993, 42(2):183.
[31] SANTOS A S, JERÓNIMO E, FERREIRA L M, et al.Chemical composition of liquid and solid associated bacteria in the cecum and colon of horses[C]//Animal nutrition and feed research:Proceedings of the 58th EAAP Annual Meeting.Dublin, the 58th Annual Meeting of the European Association.Dublin:[s.n.], 2007:293.
[32] SANTOS A S, JERÓNIMO E, FERREIRA L M, et al.Fatty acid composition of liquid and solid associated bacteria in the cecum and colon of horses[C]//Animal nutrition and feed research:Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting.Dublin, the 59th Annual Meeting of the European Association.Dublin:[s.n.], 2008:221.
[33] SU S, ZHAO Y, LIU Z, et al.Characterization and comparison of the bacterial microbiota in different gastrointestinal tract compartments of Mongolian horses[J].Microbiology Open, 2020, 9(6):1085-1101.  
[34] LIU G Q, BOU G, SU SF, et al.Microbial diversity within the digestive tract contents of Dezhou donkeys[J].PLoS One, 2019, 14(12):e0226186.
[35] REED K J, KUNZ I, SCARE J A, et al.The pelvic flexure separates distinct microbial communities in the equine hindgut[J].Scientific Reports, 2021, 11(1):4332.
[36] GAILLARD-MARTINIE B, BRETON A, DUSSER M, et al.Piromyces citronii sp.nov., a strictly anaerobic fungus from the equine caecum:a morphological, metabolic, and ultrastructural study[J].FEMS Microbiology Letters, 1995, 130(2/3):321-326.
[37] JULLIAND V, RIONDET C, DE VAUX A, et al.Comparison of metabolic activities between Piromycesc itronii, an equine fungal species, and Piromycesc ommunis, a ruminal species[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology, 1998, 70(1/2):161-168.
[38] MURA E, EDWARDS J, KITTELMANN S, et al.Anaerobic fungal communities differ along the horse digestive tract[J].Fungal Biology, 2019, 123(3):240-246.  
[39] HSIUNG T S.A monograph on the protozoa of the large intestine of the horse[D].Ph.D.Thesis.Iowa:Iowa State College, 1930.
[40] FRAPED F.Equine nutrition and feeding[M].4th ed.America:Wiley-Blackwell, 2010:88-88.
[41] MOORE B E, DEHORITY B A.Effects of diet and hindgut defaunation on diet digestibility and microbial concentrations in the cecum and colon of the horse[J].Journal of Animal Science, 1993, 71(12):3350-3358.  
[42] JENSEN B B.Methanogenesis in monogastric animals[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 1996, 42(1/2):99-112.
[43] YAMANO H, KOIKE S, KOBAYASHI Y, et al.Phylogenetic analysis of hindgut microbiota in Hokkaido native horses compared to light horses[J].Animal Science Journal, 2008, 79(2):234-242.  
[44] JOBLIN K N, CAMPBELL G P, RICHARDSON A J, et al.Fermentation of barley straw by anaerobic rumen bacteria and fungi in axenic culture and in co-culture with methanogens[J].Letters in Applied Microbiology, 1989, 9(5):195-197.  
[45] FERNANDES K A, KITTELMANN S, ROGERS C W, et al.Faecal microbiota of forage-fed horses in New Zealand and the population dynamics of microbial communities following dietary change[J].PLoS One, 2014, 9(11):e112846.
[46] FLIEGEROVA K, MURA E, MONIELLO G, et al.A comparison of microbial profiles of different regions of the equine hindgut[J].Livestock Science, 2016, 190:16-19.
[47] COSTA M C, WEESE J S.Understanding the intestinal microbiome in health and disease[J].The Veterinary Clinics of North America:Equine Practice, 2018, 34(1):1-12.  
[48] BONHOMME-FLORENTIN A.Degradation of hemicellulose and pectin by horse caecum contents[J].The British Journal of Nutrition, 1988, 60(1):185-192.  
[49] POYART C, QUESNE G, TRIEU-CUOT P.Taxonomic dissection of the Streptococcus bovis group by analysis of manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase gene (sodA) sequences:reclassification of ‘Streptococcus infantarius subsp. coli’ as Streptococcus lutetiensissp.nov. and of Streptococcus bovis biotype 11.2 as Streptococcus pasteurianussp.nov[J].International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2002, 52(4):1247-1255.
[50] MILINOVICH G J, BURRELL P C, POLLITT C C, et al.Microbial ecology of the equine hindgut during oligofructose-induced laminitis[J].The ISME Journal, 2008, 2(11):1089-1100.  
[51] CHEN Y, CHENG J J, CREAMER K S.Inhibition of anaerobic process:a review[J].Bioresource Technology, 2008, 99(10):4044-4064.  
[52] DALY K, SHIRAZI-BEECHEY S P.Design and evaluation of group-specific oligonucleotide probes for quantitative analysis of intestinal ecosystems:their application to assessment of equine colonic microflora[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 2003, 44(2):243-252.  
[53] BERGMAN E N.Energy contributions of volatile fatty acids from the gastrointestinal tract in various species[J].Physiological Reviews, 1990, 70(2):567-590.  
[54] GEOR R J, HARRIS P A, COENEN M.Equine applied and clinical nutrition:health, welfare and performance[M].Saunders:Elsevier Health Sciences, 2013:469-486.
[55] WOLTER R, GOUY D, DURIX A, et al.Digestibilité et activité biochimique intracæcale chez le poneyrecevant un même aliment complet présenté sous form egranulée, expansée ou semi-expansée[J].Annales de Zootechnie, 1978, 27(1):47-60.  
[56] RESPONDEK F, GOACHET A G, JULLIAND V.Effects of dietary short-chain fructooligosaccharides on the intestinal microflora of horses subjected to a sudden change in diet[J].Journal of Animal Science, 2008, 86(2):316-323.  
[57] JULLIAND V, GRIMM P.The impact of diet on the hindgut microbiome[J].Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 2017, 52:23-28.
[58] SANTOS A S, FERREIRA L, MARTIN-ROSSET W, et al.Effect of nitrogen sources on in vitro fermentation profiles and microbial yield using equine caecal contents[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2013, 182(1/2/3/4):93-99.
[59] HALPIN M Y, DROUILLARD J S, FEHLBERG L K, et al.Effects of sodium caseinate and varying protein sources on in vitro fermentation of forages by mixed equine cecal microorganisms[J].Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 2020, 91:103127.
[60] VERMOREL M, MARTIN-ROSSET W, VERNET J.Energy utilization of twelve forages or mixed diets for maintenance by sport horses[J].Livestock Production Science, 1997, 47(2):157-167.  
[61] SORENSEN R J, DROUILLARD J S, DOUTHIT T L, et al.Effect of hay type on cecal and fecal microbiome and fermentation parameters in horses[J].Journal of Animal Science, 2021, 99(1):skaa407.
[62] GRIMM P, PHILIPPEAU C, JULLIAND V.Faecal parameters as biomarkers of the equine hindgut microbial ecosystem under dietary change[J].Animal, 2017, 11(7):1136-1145.  
[63] HANSEN N C K, AVERSHINA E, MYDLAND L T, et al.High nutrient availability reduces the diversity and stability of the equine caecal microbiota[J].Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease, 2015, 26(1):27216.
[64] EARING J E.Comparison of digestive function in young and mature horses[D].Ph.D.Thesis.Lexington:University of Kentucky, 2011.
[65] SADET-BOURGETEAU S, PHILIPPEAU C, JULLIAND V.Effect of concentrate feeding sequence on equine hindgut fermentation parameters[J].Animal, 2017, 11(7):1146-1152.  
[66] VENABLE E B, FENTON K A, BRANER V M, et al.Effects of feeding management on the equine cecal microbiota[J].Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 2017, 49:113-121.
[67] THORRINGER N W, WEISBERG M R, JENSEN R B.The effects of processing barley and maize on metabolic and digestive responses in horses[J].Journal of Animal Science, 2020, 98(12):skaa353.
[68] KOIKE S, SHINGU Y, INABA H, et al.Fecal bacteria in Hokkaido native horses as characterized by microscopic enumeration and competitive polymerase chain reaction assays[J].Journal of Equine Science, 2000, 11(2):45-50.  
[69] KOBAYASHI Y, KOIKE S, MIYAJI M, et al.Hindgut microbes, fermentation and their seasonal variations in Hokkaido native horses compared to light horses[J].Ecological Research, 2006, 21(2):285-291.  
[70] SCHOSTER A, MOSING M, JALALI M, et al.Effects of transport, fasting and anaesthesia on the faecal microbiota of healthy adult horses[J].Equine Veterinary Journal, 2016, 48(5):595-602.  
[71] GÓRNIAK W, CHOLEWIŃSKA P, SZELIGOWSKA N, et al.Effect of intense exercise on the level of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla in the digestive system of thoroughbred racehorses[J].Animals, 2021, 11(2):290.
[72] MORRISON P K, NEWBOLD C J, JONES E, et al.Effect of age and the individual on the gastrointestinal bacterium of ponies fed a high-starch diet[J].PLoS One, 2020, 15(5):e0232689.
[73] ARNOLD C E, ISAIAH A, PILLA R, et al.Thececal and fecal microbiomes and metabolomes of horses before and after metronidazole administration[J].PLoS One, 2020, 15(5):e0232905.
[74] HARLOW B E, LAWRENCE L M, FLYTHE M D.Diarrhea-associated pathogens, Lactobacilli and cellulolytic bacteria in equine feces:responses to antibiotic challenge[J].Veterinary Microbiology, 2013, 166(1/2):225-232.
[75] GRIMM P, JULLIAN D V, PHILIPPEAU C, et al.Effect of yeast supplementation on hindgut microbiota and digestibility of horses subjected to an abrupt change of hays[J].Livestock Science, 2016, 81:34-40.
[76] GRIMM P, COMBES S, PASCAL G, et al.Dietary composition and yeast/microalgae combination supplementation modulate the microbial ecosystem in the caecum, colon and faeces of horses[J].The British Journal of Nutrition, 2020, 123(4):372-382.  
[77] GLATTER M, BOREWICZ K, VAN DEN BOGERT B, et al.Modification of the equine gastrointestinal microbiota by Jerusalem artichoke meal supplementation[J].PLoS One, 2019, 14(8):e0220553.
Outlines

/