RESEARCH PAPER

Effects of Extruded Alfalfa Meal-Flaxseed Supplementation in Diets on Colostrum Composition of Sows and Serum Lipid Metabolism Indexes and Fatty Acid Contents of Sows and Piglets

  • SU Yingying ,
  • PAN Peiying ,
  • LIU Xule ,
  • ZHAO Shumin ,
  • WANG Chengzhang ,
  • JIAO Xilan ,
  • LI Zhentian ,
  • SUN Xiao
Expand
  • 1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources in Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
    3. Henan Engineering Research Center for Forage, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
    4. College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China

Received date: 2021-06-10

  Online published: 2022-01-18

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of extruded alfalfa meal-flaxseed supplementation in diets on colostrum composition of sows and serum lipid metabolism indexes and fatty acid contents of sows and piglets. Eighty Landrace×Large White pregnant sows with similar parity, body condition and expected delivery date were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates in each group and 5 sows in each replicate, and each of them was raised in a single column. Sows in the control group, experimental group Ⅰ, experimental group Ⅱ and experimental group Ⅲ were fed diets supplemented with different proportions (0, 5%, 10% and 15%) of extruded alfalfa meal-flaxseed, respectively. The experiment began from day 83 of pregnancy to day 21 of lactation in sows. The results showed as follows:1) compared with the control group, the content of lactose in colostrum of experimental group Ⅰ had an increasing trend (P=0.090), the content of milk protein in colostrum of experimental group Ⅱ and experimental group Ⅲ was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the content of total solid in colostrum of experimental group Ⅱ had an increasing trend (P=0.099). 2) Compared with the control group, the content of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in serum of sows of experimental group Ⅱ had a decreasing trend (P=0.089). 3) Compared with the control group, the content of LDL-C in serum of piglets of experimental group Ⅱ was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the content of total cholesterol (TC) in serum had a decreasing trend (P=0.081). 4) Compared with the control group, the contents of linoleic acid (LA), n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA) in serum of sows of experimental group Ⅰ, experimental group Ⅱ and experimental group Ⅲ were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the contents of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) in serum were significantly increased (P<0.05); the contents of arachidonic acid (AA) and saturated fatty acid (SFA) in serum of experimental group Ⅱ and experimental group Ⅲ were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the contents of α-linolenic acid (ALA), n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) and unsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid (UFA/SFA) were significantly increased (P<0.05). 5) Compared with the control group, the contents of LA, AA, n-6 PUFA and n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA in serum of piglets of experimental group Ⅰ, experimental group Ⅱ and experimental group Ⅲ were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the content of EPA in serum was significantly increased (P<0.05); the contents of DHA, DPA, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), PUFA, n-3 PUFA and UFA/SFA in serum of experimental group Ⅱ were significantly increased (P<0.05); the content of ALA in serum of experimental group Ⅱ and experimental group Ⅲ was significantly increased (P<0.05), while the content of SFA in serum was significantly decreased (P<0.05). 6) Correlation analysis showed that the content of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in serum of sows was significantly negatively correlated with the contents of TC and TG in serum of piglets (P<0.05), and was significantly positively correlated with the content of HDL-C in serum of piglets (P<0.05); the content of LDL-C in serum of sows was significantly positively correlated with the contents of TC, TG and LDL-C in serum of piglets (P<0.05). The contents of EPA, DHA, DPA, ALA and n-3 PUFA in serum of sows were significantly positively correlated with the contents of EPA, DHA, DPA, ALA, UFA, n-3 PUFA and UFA/SFA in serum of piglets (P<0.05), and negatively correlated with the n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA in serum (P<0.05). To sum up, the extruded alfalfa meal-flaxseed supplementation in diets can improve the colostrum quality, improve the serum lipid metabolism of sows, increase the content of n-3 PUFA in serum of sows, which has a positive effect on the serum lipid metabolism and fatty acid composition of piglets, and is beneficial to the health of piglets.

Cite this article

SU Yingying , PAN Peiying , LIU Xule , ZHAO Shumin , WANG Chengzhang , JIAO Xilan , LI Zhentian , SUN Xiao . Effects of Extruded Alfalfa Meal-Flaxseed Supplementation in Diets on Colostrum Composition of Sows and Serum Lipid Metabolism Indexes and Fatty Acid Contents of Sows and Piglets[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2022 , 34(1) : 190 -204 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.01.019

References

[1] 张琦琦.大豆黄酮对妊娠母猪和大鼠繁殖性能的影响及其调控机理[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2019. ZHANG Q Q.Effects of dietary daidzein supplementation on reproductive performance in pregnant sows and rats and its regulatory mechanism[D].Master's Thesis.Ya'an:Sichuan Agricultural University,2019.(in Chinese)
[2] TOKACH M D,MENEGAT M B,GOURLEY K M,et al.Review:nutrient requirements of the modern high-producing lactating sow,with an emphasis on amino acid requirements[J].Animal,2019,13(12):2967-2977.  
[3] REN P,YANG X J,RAILTON R,et al.Effects of different levels of feed intake during four short periods of gestation and housing systems on sows and litter performance[J].Animal Reproduction Science,2018,188:21-34.
[4] 王朝廷.苜蓿草粉在母猪日粮中的应用研究[J].饲料研究,2020,43(4):80-83. WANG C T.Study on the application of alfalfa meal in sow diet[J].Feed Research,2020,43(4):80-83.(in Chinese)
[5] 袁德地,史莹华,王成章,等.苜蓿皂苷对SD大鼠胆固醇代谢的影响及其分子机理的初步探讨[J].草业学报,2013,22(5):294-301. YUAN D D,SHI Y H,WANG C Z,et al.Effect of alfalfa saponins on cholesterol metabolism and its molecular mechanisms[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2013,22(5):294-301.(in Chinese)
[6] SHI Y H,GUO R,WANG X K,et al.The regulation of alfalfa saponin extract on key genes involved in hepatic cholesterol metabolism in hyperlipidemic rats[J].PLoS One,2014,9(2):e88282.
[7] CUI Y L,LIU B S,SUN X,et al.Protective effects of alfalfa saponins on oxidative stress-induced apoptotic cells[J].Food & Function,2020,11(9):8133-8140.  
[8] 彭宝安,高永革,王成章,等.紫花苜蓿对母猪生产性能的影响[J].草业科学,2010,27(5):106-111. PENG B A,GAO Y G,WANG C Z,et al.Effect of alfalfa on the reproduction of sows[J].Pratacultural Science,2010,27(5):106-111.(in Chinese)
[9] 林霖雨,田川尧,蔡锋隆,等.膨化亚麻籽对育肥猪生长性能和血液生化指标的影响[J].饲料研究,2020,43(7):24-26. LIN L Y,TIAN C Y,CAI F L,et al.Effects of extruded flaxseed on growth performance and blood biochemical indexes of finishing pigs[J].Feed Research,2020,43(7):24-26.(in Chinese)
[10] 王力,魏堂鸿,邓继彦,等.亚麻籽及其加工副产品的营养价值及其在猪生产中的应用[J].中国饲料,2020(23):4-10,29. WANG L,WEI T H,DENG J Y,et al.Nutritional values of flaxseed and its by-products and its application in swine production[J].China Feed,2020(23):4-10,29.(in Chinese)
[11] BEKHIT A E D A,SHAVANDI A,JODJAJA T,et al.Flaxseed:composition,detoxification,utilization,and opportunities[J].Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology,2018,13:129-152.
[12] BEHESHTI MOGHADAM M H,CHERIAN G.Use of flaxseed in poultry feeds to meet the human need for n-3 fatty acids[J].World's Poultry Science Journal,2017,73(4):803-812.  
[13] 郝京京,史海涛,谢拉准,等.亚麻籽与亚麻籽饼粕的营养价值及其在畜禽饲粮中的应用[J].动物营养学报,2020,32(9):4059-4069. HAO J J,SHI H T,XIE L Z,et al.Nutritive values of flaxseed and flaxseed meal and their application in livestock and poultry diets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2020,32(9):4059-4069.(in Chinese)
[14] AVAZKHANLOO M,SHAHIR M H,KHALAJI S,et al.Flaxseed extrusion and expansion coupled with enzyme and pelleting changed protein and lipid molecular structure of flaxseed and improved digestive enzymes activity,intestinal morphology,breast muscle fatty acids and performance of broiler chickens[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2020,260:114341.
[15] 秦毅.挤压膨化对几种饲料原料物性及营养品质影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.郑州:河南工业大学,2020. QIN Y.Effects of extrusion on the physical properties and nutritional quality of several feedstuffs[D].Master's Thesis.Zhengzhou:Henan University of Technology,2020.(in Chinese)
[16] 陈团,胡毅,张德洪,等.不同糖源膨化饲料对大规格草鱼生长、越冬及血清部分生化指标的影响[J].水产学报,2019,43(4):1069-1079. CHEN T,HU Y,ZHANG D H,et al.Effects of dietary carbohydrate sources on growth,overwintering and serum indexes in large-size Ctenopharyngodon idella[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2019,43(4):1069-1079.(in Chinese)
[17] 赵鹏,王金全.挤压膨化宠物食品生产质量控制关键要素研究进展[J].饲料工业,2020,41(21):61-64. ZHAO P,WANG J Q.Research progress on critical points of quality control in extrusion pet food production[J].Feed Industry,2020,41(21):61-64.(in Chinese)
[18] 易宏波,唐青松,侯磊,等.断奶仔猪肠道健康分级及其无抗营养策略[J].动物营养学报,2020,32(10):4501-4517. YI H B,TANG Q S,HOU L,et al.Antibiotic-free nutritional strategies based on intestinal health grade classification of weaned piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2020,32(10):4501-4517.(in Chinese)
[19] 刘晓杰,黎红维,胡聪,等.基于血清脂肪酸代谢轮廓的化学肝损伤评价研究[J].中国药学杂志,2021,56(8):647-653. LIU X J,LI H W,HU C,et al.Evaluation of chemical liver injury based on metabolic profiling of serum fatty acids[J].Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal,2021,56(8):647-653.(in Chinese)
[20] BOYD R,KENSINGER R,VERSTEGEN M,et al.Metabolic precursors for milk synthesis[M]//VERSTEGEN M W A,MOUGHAN P S,SCHRAMA J W.The lactating sow.The Netherlands:Wageningen Pers,1998:71-95.
[21] THEIL P K,CORDERO G,HENCKEL P,et al.Effects of gestation and transition diets,piglet birth weight,and fasting time on depletion of glycogen pools in liver and 3 muscles of newborn piglets[J].Journal of Animal Science,2011,89(6):1805-1816.  
[22] ZHANG S H,CHEN F,ZHANG Y Z,et al.Recent progress of porcine milk components and mammary gland function[J].Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology,2018,9:77.
[23] 王根林.养牛学[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2014:260-265. WANG G L.Cattle science[M].3rd ed.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2014:260-265.(in Chinese)
[24] OBEIDAT B S,SUBIH H S,TAYLOR J B,et al.Alfalfa hay improves nursing performance of Awassi ewes and performance of growing lambs when used as a source of forage compared with wheat straw[J].Tropical Animal Health and Production,2019,51(3):581-588.  
[25] WANG B,MAO S Y,YANG H J,et al.Effects of alfalfa and cereal straw as a forage source on nutrient digestibility and lactation performance in lactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2014,97(12):7706-7715.  
[26] FARMER C,GIGUōRE A,LESSARD M.Dietary supplementation with different forms of flax in late gestation and lactation:effects on sow and litter performances,endocrinology,and immune response[J].Journal of Animal Science,2010,88(1):225-237.  
[27] DEVILLERS N,LE DIVIDICH J,PRUNIER A.Influence of colostrum intake on piglet survival and immunity[J].Animal,2011,5(10):1605-1612.  
[28] GALLAGHER D P,COTTER P F,MULVIHILL D M.Porcine milk proteins:a review[J].International Dairy Journal,1997,7(2/3):99-118.
[29] ZHANG R,MUSTAFA A F,ZHAO X.Effects of flaxseed supplementation to lactating ewes on milk composition,cheese yield,and fatty acid composition of milk and cheese[J].Small Ruminant Research,2006,63(3):233-241.  
[30] KHOLIF A E,MORSY T A,ABD EL TAWAB A M,et al.Effect of supplementing diets of Anglo-Nubian goats with soybean and flaxseed oils on lactational performance[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2016,64(31):6163-6170.  
[31] 潘培颖,郭晓洁,王博,等.膨化苜蓿草粉-亚麻籽对母猪繁殖性能及初乳脂肪酸组成的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(11):4388-4396. PAN P Y,GUO X J,WANG B,et al.Effects of extruded alfalfa meal-linseed on reproductive performance and fatty acid composition in colostrum of sows[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2018,30(11):4388-4396.(in Chinese)
[32] 苏莹莹,刘旭乐,赵淑敏,等.膨化苜蓿草粉-亚麻籽对母猪养分表观消化率以及母猪、仔猪免疫功能和血清激素含量的影响[J/OL].动物营养学报:1-12.(2021-07-23)[2021-04-27].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.5461.S.20210723.1235.032.html. SU Y Y,LIU X L,ZHAO S M,et al.Effects of extruded alfalfa meal-flaxseed on apparent nutrient digestibility of sows and immune function and serum hormone contents of sows and piglets[J/OL].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition:1-12.(2021-07-23)[2021-04-27].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.5461.S.20210723.1235.032.html.(in Chinese)
[33] 王洋,生庆海,张玉梅,等.中国北方人初乳、牛初乳、牛常乳、牛血中胰岛素样生长因子-1和神经生长因子含量的比较[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2011,23(4):365-368. WANG Y,SHENG Q H,ZHANG Y M,et al.Comparison of IGF-1 and NGF in human colostrum, bovine colostrum,bovine milk and bovine blood serum in northern China[J].Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene,2011,23(4):365-368.(in Chinese)
[34] NAWATHE A R,CHRISTIAN M,KIM S H,et al.Insulin-like growth factor axis in pregnancies affected by fetal growth disorders[J].Clinical Epigenetics,2016,8:11.
[35] HE D,FUNABASHI T,SANO A,et al.Effects of glucose and related substrates on the recovery of the electrical activity of gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator which is decreased by insulin-induced hypoglycemia in the estrogen-primed ovariectomized rat[J].Brain Research,1999,820(1/2):71-76.
[36] GADHIA M M,MALISZEWSKI A M,O'MEARA M C,et al.Increased amino acid supply potentiates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion but does not increase β-cell mass in fetal sheep[J].American Journal of Physiology:Endocrinology and Metabolism,2013,304(4):E352-E362.
[37] CHEN Y Y,GONG X X,LI G D,et al.Effects of dietary alfalfa flavonoids extraction on growth performance,organ development and blood biochemical indexes of Yangzhou geese aged from 28 to 70 days[J].Animal Nutrition,2016,2(4):318-322.  
[38] SCHOELER M,CAESAR R.Dietary lipids,gut microbiota and lipid metabolism[J].Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders,2019,20(4):461-472.  
[39] LI Y,MA Z Q,JIANG S,et al.A global perspective on FOXO1 in lipid metabolism and lipid-related diseases[J].Progress in Lipid Research,2017,66:42-49.
[40] KAJANI S,CURLEY S,MCGILLICUDDY F C.Unravelling HDL-looking beyond the cholesterol surface to the quality within[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2018,19(7):1971.
[41] PREISS D,TOBERT J A,HOVINGH G K,et al.Lipid-modifying agents,from statins to PCSK9 inhibitors:JACC focus seminar[J].Journal of the American College of Cardiology,2020,75(16):1945-1955.  
[42] 王成章,王彦华,史莹华,等.苜蓿皂苷对断奶仔猪脂质代谢、抗氧化和免疫的影响[J].草业学报,2011,20(4):210-218. WANG C Z,WANG Y H,SHI Y H,et al.Effects of alfalfa saponins on the lipid metabolism,antioxidation and immunity of weaned piglets[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2011,20(4):210-218.(in Chinese)
[43] MIR N A,TYAGI P K,BISWAS A K,et al.Effect of feeding broken rice and distillers dried grains with solubles in a flaxseed-based diet on the growth performance,production efficiency,carcass characteristics,sensory evaluation of meat,and serum biochemistry of broiler chickens[J].Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,2017,41(5):583-589.
[44] THAKUR G,MITRA A,PAL K,et al.Effect of flaxseed gum on reduction of blood glucose and cholesterol in type 2 diabetic patients[J].International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition,2009,60(sup6):126-136.  
[45] DUAN Y H,LI F N,LI L L,et al.n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio is involved in regulating lipid metabolism and inflammation in pigs[J].The British Journal of Nutrition,2014,111(3):445-451.  
[46] LEPRETTI M,MARTUCCIELLO S,BURGOS ACEVES M A,et al.Omega-3 fatty acids and insulin resistance:focus on the regulation of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum stress[J].Nutrients,2018,10(3):350.
[47] 韩璐,盛灵慧,高运华,等.脂肪酸标准物质的研究进展[J].生物技术通报,2020,36(5):9-15. HAN L,SHENG L H,GAO Y H,et al.Research progress on fatty acid standard reference material[J].Biotechnology Bulletin,2020,36(5):9-15.(in Chinese)
[48] 刘跟生,徐贵发.单不饱和脂肪酸对心血管的保护作用[J].卫生研究,2006,35(3):357-359. LIU G S,XU G F.Protective effect of dietary monounsaturated fatty acid on cardiovascular system[J].Journal of Hygiene Research,2006,35(3):357-359.(in Chinese)
[49] LEE J M,LEE H,KANG S,et al.Fatty acid desaturases,polyunsaturated fatty acid regulation,and biotechnological advances[J].Nutrients,2016,8(1):23.
[50] 唐诗,徐勇.促炎症消退脂类介质与代谢综合征的研究进展[J].山东医药,2016,56(26):107-110. TANG S,XU Y.Research progress on lipid mediators and metabolic syndrome in promoting inflammation and regression[J].Shandong Medical Journal,2016,56(26):107-110.(in Chinese)
[51] NEUHOFER A,ZEYDA M,MASCHER D,et al.Impaired local production of proresolving lipid mediators in obesity and 17-HDHA as a potential treatment for obesity-associated inflammation[J].Diabetes,2013,62(6):1945-1956.  
[52] PARIKH M,NETTICADAN T,PIERCE G N.Flaxseed:its bioactive components and their cardiovascular benefits[J].American Journal of Physiology:Heart and Circulatory Physiology,2018,314(2):H146-H159.
[53] HUANG S,BAURHOO B,MUSTAFA A.Effects of extruded flaxseed on layer performance,nutrient retention and yolk fatty acid composition[J].British Poultry Science,2018,59(4):463-469.  
[54] SANDERS T A,YOUNGER K M.The effect of dietary supplements of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the fatty acid composition of platelets and plasma choline phosphoglycerides[J].The British Journal of Nutrition,1981,45(3):613-616.  
[55] RENAUD S,NORDØY A."Small is beautiful":alpha-linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in man[J].The Lancet,1983,1(8334):1169.
[56] HUANG S Y,BAURHOO B,MUSTAFA A.Effects of feeding extruded flaxseed on layer performance,total tract nutrient digestibility,and fatty acid concentrations of egg yolk,plasma and liver[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2020,104(5):1365-1374.  
[57] BAIDOO S,FALLAD-RAD A,YANG Q.Dietary effects of flaxseed and vitamin E on lipid profiles of sows[J].Journal of Animal Science,2003,81:320-321.
[58] 毛丽梅.孕妇长链多不饱和脂肪酸水平与胎儿生长发育及其免疫功能的关系[C]//中国营养学会第九届营养科研基金2014年度DSM专项科研基金发布会暨学术研讨会论文集.合肥:中国营养学会,2014:21-27. MAO L M.The relationship between the level of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in pregnant women and fetal growth and development and immune function[C]//Proceedings of 2014 DSM special research fund press conference and academic seminar of the 9th Nutrition Research Fund of China Nutrition Society.Hefei:Chinese Nutrition Society,2014:21-27.(in Chinese)
[59] 周婷婷.孕哺期膳食脂肪酸水平对母乳与子代血脂肪酸组成及生长发育的影响[D].硕士学位论文.上海:复旦大学,2008. ZHOU T T.The effect of maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation on FA composition of breast milk and infants' blood as well as infants' growth and development[D].Master's Thesis.Shanghai:Fudan University,2008.(in Chinese)
[60] 徐运杰,季丰泉,刘以林,等.ω-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸对母猪繁殖性能的影响[J].猪业科学,2021,38(4):106-109. XU Y J,JI F Q,LIU Y L,et al.Effects of ω-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on reproductive performance of sows[J].Swine Industry Science,2021,38(4):106-109.(in Chinese)
[61] 薛永强,余苗,马永喜,等.ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸对畜禽生理功能的影响及其应用的研究进展[J].动物营养学报,2021,33(9):4870-4881. XUE Y Q,YU M,MA Y X,et al.Research progress on effects of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on physiological function of livestock and poultry and their application[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2021,33(9):4870-4881.(in Chinese)
Outlines

/