Effects of Replacing Distiller's Grains with Fermented Spent Mushroom Substrate on Rumen Fermentation Parameters, Microbial Community Structure and Function of Fattening Cattle

ZHONG Gang; CHEN Dong; TIAN Kexiong; ZHANG Peihua; SU Huawei; DENG Pan; LI Qiufeng; WAN Fachun

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.01.036

2022 , Vol. 34 >Issue 1: 381 - 394

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.01.036

RESEARCH PAPER

Effects of Replacing Distiller's Grains with Fermented Spent Mushroom Substrate on Rumen Fermentation Parameters, Microbial Community Structure and Function of Fattening Cattle

ZHONG Gang ,
CHEN Dong ,
TIAN Kexiong ,
ZHANG Peihua ,
SU Huawei ,
DENG Pan ,
LI Qiufeng ,
WAN Fachun

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1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
2. College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
3. College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China

Received date: 2021-04-02

Online published: 2022-01-18

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Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing distiller's grains with the fermented spent mushroom substrate on rumen fermentation parameters, microbial community structure and function of fattening cattle. For this purpose, 24 healthy fattening cattles with similar body weight[(350±30) kg] and similar age (18 months of age) were selected and divided into 3 groups (DG, DG-FSMS and FSMS groups) with 8 cattle in each group. The roughage of the control group was consisted of distiller's grains, rice straw and whole-plant silage corn, and in diets for cattle in the other two groups, 50% and 70% fermented spent mushroom substrate (dry matter base) were included to replace part of distiller's grains in the basal diet. The pre-feeding period was 14 days and the normal feeding period was 60 days. Before morning feeding on day 60 of the normal feeding period, the total DNA of rumen content and universal prokaryote primers were used to hypervariable region of 16S rRNA, finally the products were sequenced on Illumina HiSeq sequencing platform. The results showed as follows:1) there was no significant difference in rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) contents of fattening cattle among 3 groups (P>0.05). 2) A total of 1 629 727 sequences across all rumen content and fecal samples were generated, and the total number of operational taxonomic units (OTU) detected by the cluster analysis reached 217, and there were 215 shared OTU among 3 groups. 3) Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the most abundant in rumen under phyla level, and the relative abundance of TM7 in the DG-FSMS group was significantly lower than that in the FSMS group (P<0.05). Prevotella was the most abundant in rumen under genus level, and the relative abundance of Ruminococcusin in the DG group was significantly higher than that in the DG-FSMS and FSMS groups (P<0.05). The relative abundance of Pseudobutyrivibrioin in the DG group was significantly lower than that in the DG-FSMS group (P<0.05). The relative abundance of Desulfovibrio in the DG group was extremely significantly higher than that in the DG-FSMS group (P<0.01) and it in the FSMS group was significantly higher than that in DG-FSMS group (P<0.05). 4) There was no significant difference in microbial Alpha diversity index among 3 groups (P>0.05), and Beta diversity was significantly different only between DG and DG-FSMS groups (13.48%) (P<0.05). 5) There were significant differences in the abundance of related functional genes in 4 metabolic pathways at level 2 (P<0.05). The substitution of fermented spent mushroom substrate for distiller's grains decreased the abundance of functional genes related to lipid metabolism and genetic information processing metabolic pathways, and increased the abundance of functional genes related to biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites and metabolism of other amino acids pathways. There were significant differences in the abundance of related functional genes in 24 metabolic pathways at level 3 (P<0.05). The substitution of fermented spent mushroom substrate for distiller's grains decreased the abundance of functional genes related to fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, propanoate metabolism, butanoate metabolism, benzoate degradation, translation proteins, pentose phosphate pathway, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, lysine degradation, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, chloroalkane and chloroalkene degradation, tetracycline biosynthesis and RNA polymerase metabolic pathways, and increased the abundance of functional genes related to amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, photosynthesis proteins, photosynthesis, sulfur metabolism, cyanoamino acid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, selenocompound metabolism and other ion-coupled transporters metabolic pathways. In conclusion, there are no adverse effects on rumen microflora diversity, relative abundance of dominant bacteria and genera, but only some metabolic pathway related functional genes and relative abundance of non-dominant bacteria in fattening cattle fed the diet replacing distiller's grains with fermented spent mushroom substrate. Under the conditions of this study, feeding fattening cattle with 50% distiller's grains replaced by fermentation fungus chaff has less effect on rumen microflora structure, and it is suggested that 50% of distiller's grains should be replaced by fermented spent mushroom substrate.

Key words： fermented spent mushroom substrate; fattening cattle; rumen; microorganism; function; 16S rRNA

Cite this article

ZHONG Gang , CHEN Dong , TIAN Kexiong , ZHANG Peihua , SU Huawei , DENG Pan , LI Qiufeng , WAN Fachun . Effects of Replacing Distiller's Grains with Fermented Spent Mushroom Substrate on Rumen Fermentation Parameters, Microbial Community Structure and Function of Fattening Cattle[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2022 , 34(1) : 381 -394 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.01.036

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