Advances in Amino Acids Uptake and Its Regulatory Mechanism in Mammary Gland

SUN Mei; XING Yuanyuan; LI Dabiao

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.02.005

Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition >

2022 , Vol. 34 >Issue 2: 720 - 726

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.02.005

REVIEW

Advances in Amino Acids Uptake and Its Regulatory Mechanism in Mammary Gland

SUN Mei ,
XING Yuanyuan ,
LI Dabiao

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Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China

Received date: 2021-07-22

Online published: 2022-02-15

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Abstract

Milk protein is one of the most important nutrients of milk, over 90% of milk protein is de novo synthesized in the mammary gland by using the amino acids extracted from the blood. Therefore, under the premise of ensuring adequate supply of amino acids, the efficiency of amino acids extraction by the mammary gland is crucial for milk protein synthesis. Amino acids in the blood cannot freely diffused into and out of the mammary gland, this sort of transmembrane transport need to be assisted by specific amino acid transporters (AAT) on the mammary epithelial cells membrane. The mammary gland AAT activity is regulated by the nutrients and hormone level, when the mammary gland perceives changes of nutrients and hormone level, it can activate or inhibit the activities of two signal pathways as the core of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and general control nonderepressible 2 kinase (GCN2), and to affects the AAT activity, regulates the uptake of amino acids mammary gland. This review summarized three aspects of AAT classification and function, main factors affecting amino acids uptake by the mammary gland and signal pathway mechanism regulating mammary gland amino acid uptake, and it is aiming to provide reference for improving milk protein synthesis from the perspective of amino acids uptake.

Key words： mammary gland; amino acids; amino acid transporters; mTORC1; GCN2

Cite this article

SUN Mei , XING Yuanyuan , LI Dabiao . Advances in Amino Acids Uptake and Its Regulatory Mechanism in Mammary Gland[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2022 , 34(2) : 720 -726 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.02.005

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