[1] WU G, BAZER F W, WALLACE J M, et al.Board-invited review:intrauterine growth retardation:implications for the animal sciences[J].Journal of Animal Science, 2006, 84(9):2316-2337.
[2] PERRY J S, ROWELL J G.Variations in foetal weight and vascular supply along the uterine horn of the pig[J].Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, 1969, 19(3):527-534.
[3] WU G Y, BAZER F W, JOHNSON G A, et al.Functional amino acids in the development of the pig placenta[J].Molecular Reproduction and Development, 2017, 84(9):870-882.
[4] ZHANG S, REGNAULT T R H, BARKER P L, et al.Placental adaptations in growth restriction[J].Nutrients, 2015, 7(1):360-389.
[5] LUO J, FAN Y, SHEN L Y, et al.The pro-angiogenesis of exosomes derived from umbilical cord blood of intrauterine growth restriction pigs was repressed associated with miRNAs[J].International Journal of Biological Sciences, 2018, 14(11):1426-1436.
[6] BIDARIMATH M, TAYADE C.Pregnancy and spontaneous fetal loss:a pig perspective[J].Molecular Reproduction and Development, 2017, 84(9):856-869.
[7] BAZER F W, JOHNSON G A.Pig blastocyst-uterine interactions[J].Differentiation, 2014, 87(1/2):52-65.
[8] KEYS J L, KING G J.Microscopic examination of porcine conceptus-maternal interface between days 10 and 19 of pregnancy[J].The American Journal of Anatomy, 1990, 188(3):221-238.
[9] VALLET J L, MILES J R, FREKING B A.Development of the pig placenta[J].Society of Reproduction and Fertility Supplement, 2009, 66:265-279.
[10] VALLET J L, MCNEEL A K, MILES J R, et al.Placental accommodations for transport and metabolism during intra-uterine crowding in pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 2014, 5(1):55.
[11] DEMIR R, SEVAL Y, HUPPERTZ B.Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in the early human placenta[J].Acta Histochemica, 2007, 109(4):257-265.
[12] ARROYO J A, WINN V D.Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in the IUGR placenta[J].Seminars in Perinatology, 2008, 32(3):172-177.
[13] ŻYŁA M M, KOSTRZEWA M, LITWIŃSKA E, et al.The role of angiogenic factors in endometrial cancer[J].Przeglad Menopauzalny, 2014, 13(2):122-126.
[14] CHEN D B, ZHENG J.Regulation of placental angiogenesis[J].Microcirculation, 2014, 21(1):15-25.
[15] WRIGHT E C, MILES J R, LENTS C A, et al.Uterine and placenta characteristics during early vascular development in the pig from day 22 to 42 of gestation[J].Animal Reproduction Science, 2016, 164:14-22.
[16] CRISTOFOLINI A, FIORIMANTI M, CAMPOS M, et al.Morphometric study of the porcine placental vascularization[J].Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 2018, 53(1):217-225.
[17] CETIN I, ANTONAZZO P.The role of the placenta in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)[J].Zeitschrift Fur Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie, 2009, 213(3):84-88.
[18] BROSENS I, PIJNENBORG R, VERCRUYSSE L, et al.The "great obstetrical syndromes" are associated with disorders of deep placentation[J].American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2011, 204(3):193-201.
[19] SATO Y.Endovascular trophoblast and spiral artery remodeling[J].Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 2020, 503:110699.
[20] BURTON G J, JAUNIAUX E.Pathophysiology of placental-derived fetal growth restriction[J].American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2018, 218(2S):S745-S761.
[21] DOMIGAN C K, ZIYAD S, IRUELA-ARISPE M L.Canonical and noncanonical vascular endothelial growth factor pathways:new developments in biology and signal transduction[J].Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 2015, 35(1):30-39.
[22] FONG G H, ROSSANT J, GERTSENSTEIN M, et al.Role of the Flt-1 receptor tyrosine kinase in regulating the assembly of vascular endothelium[J].Nature, 1995, 376(6535):66-70.
[23] VONNAHME K A, FORD S P.Placental vascular endothelial growth factor receptor system mRNA expression in pigs selected for placental efficiency[J].The Journal of Physiology, 2004, 554(Pt 1):194-201.
[24] HU C J, YANG Y Y, DENG M, et al.Placentae for low birth weight piglets are vulnerable to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired angiogenesis[J].Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2020, 2020:8715412.
[25] GUO Y J, PAN W W, LIU S B, et al.ERK/MAPK signalling pathway and tumorigenesis[J].Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 2020, 19(3):1997-2007.
[26] LIAO W X, FENG L, ZHENG J, et al.Deciphering mechanisms controlling placental artery endothelial cell migration stimulated by vascular endothelial growth factor[J].Endocrinology, 2010, 151(7):3432-3444.
[27] GUMA M, RIUS J, DUONG-POLK K X, et al.Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of JNK ameliorates hypoxia-induced retinopathy through interference with VEGF expression[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009, 106(21):8760-8765.
[28] KIM B S, PARK J Y, KANG H J, et al.Fucoidan/FGF-2 induces angiogenesis through JNK- and p38-mediated activation of AKT/MMP-2 signalling[J].Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2014, 450(4):1333-1338.
[29] MUDGETT J S, DING J, GUH-SIESEL L, et al.Essential role for p38alpha mitogen-activated protein kinase in placental angiogenesis[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2000, 97(19):10454-10459.
[30] ZHENG J, WEN Y X, SONG Y, et al.Activation of multiple signaling pathways is critical for fibroblast growth factor 2- and vascular endothelial growth factor-stimulated ovine fetoplacental endothelial cell proliferation[J].Biology of Reproduction, 2008, 78(1):143-150.
[31] KENT L N, OHBOSHI S, SOARES M J.Akt1 and insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2) regulate placentation and fetal/postnatal development[J].The International Journal of Developmental Biology, 2012, 56(4):255-261.
[32] MORALES-RUIZ M, FULTON D, SOWA G, et al.Vascular endothelial growth factor-stimulated actin reorganization and migration of endothelial cells is regulated via the serine/threonine kinase Akt[J].Circulation Research, 2000, 86(8):892-896.
[33] KULANDAVELU S, WHITELEY K J, QU D W, et al.Endothelial nitric oxide synthase deficiency reduces uterine blood flow, spiral artery elongation, and placental oxygenation in pregnant mice[J].Hypertension, 2012, 60(1):231-238.
[34] KULANDAVELU S, WHITELEY K J, BAINBRIDGE S A, et al.Endothelial NO synthase augments fetoplacental blood flow, placental vascularization, and fetal growth in mice[J].Hypertension, 2013, 61(1):259-266.
[35] AHMAD S, HEWETT P W, WANG P, et al.Direct evidence for endothelial vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 function in nitric oxide-mediated angiogenesis[J].Circulation Research, 2006, 99(7):715-722.
[36] BLOMBERG L A, SCHREIER L L, GUTHRIE H D, et al.The effect of intrauterine growth retardation on the expression of developmental factors in porcine placenta subsequent to the initiation of placentation[J].Placenta, 2010, 31(6):549-552.
[37] ZHAO J, DU P Z, CUI P, et al.LncRNA PVT1 promotes angiogenesis via activating the STAT3/VEGFA axis in gastric cancer[J].Oncogene, 2018, 37(30):4094-4109.
[38] HU C J, WU Z F, HUANG Z H, et al.Nox2 impairs VEGF-A-induced angiogenesis in placenta via mitochondrial ROS-STAT3 pathway[J].Redox Biology, 2021, 45:102051.
[39] HUANG S B, WU Z F, HUANG Z H, et al.Maternal supply of cysteamine alleviates oxidative stress and enhances angiogenesis in porcine placenta[J].Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 2021, 12(1):91.
[40] BASAK S, VILASAGARAM S, NAIDU K, et al.Insulin-dependent, glucose transporter 1 mediated glucose uptake and tube formation in the human placental first trimester trophoblast cells[J].Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 2019, 451(1/2):91-106.
[41] DAVIS M A, CAMACHO L E, PENDLETON A L, et al.Augmented glucose production is not contingent on high catecholamines in fetal sheep with IUGR[J].The Journal of Endocrinology, 2021, 249(3):195-207.
[42] SOBREVIA L, SALSOSO R, FUENZALIDA B, et al.Insulin is a key modulator of fetoplacental endothelium metabolic disturbances in gestational diabetes mellitus[J].Frontiers in Physiology, 2016, 7:119.
[43] ROTH J B, THORP J A, PALMER S M, et al.Response of placental vasculature to high glucose levels in the isolated human placental cotyledon[J].American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1990, 163(6 Pt 1):1828-1830.
[44] SCHIANO C, GRIMALDI V, FRANZESE M, et al.Non-nutritional sweeteners effects on endothelial vascular function[J].Toxicology in Vitro, 2020, 62:104694.
[45] HU C J, YANG Y Y, LI J Y, et al.Maternal diet-induced obesity compromises oxidative stress status and angiogenesis in the porcine placenta by upregulating Nox2 expression[J].Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2019, 2019:2481592.
[46] IGARASHI K, KASHIWAGI K.Polyamines:mysterious modulators of cellular functions[J].Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2000, 271(3):559-564.
[47] KWON H, WU G Y, BAZER F W, et al.Developmental changes in polyamine levels and synthesis in the ovine conceptus[J].Biology of Reproduction, 2003, 69(5):1626-1634.
[48] WU G Y, BAZER F W, CUDD T A, et al.Maternal nutrition and fetal development[J].The Journal of Nutrition, 2004, 134(9):2169-2172.
[49] KONG X F, WANG X Q, YIN Y L, et al.Putrescine stimulates the mTOR signaling pathway and protein synthesis in porcine trophectoderm cells[J].Biology of Reproduction, 2014, 91(5):106.
[50] HUSSAIN T, TAN B, REN W K, et al.Exploring polyamines:functions in embryo/fetal development[J].Animal Nutrition, 2017, 3(1):7-10.
[51] MEININGER C J, WU G Y.Regulation of endothelial cell proliferation by nitric oxide[J].Methods in Enzymology, 2002, 352:280-295.
[52] LI X L, BAZER F W, JOHNSON G A, et al.Dietary supplementation with
L-arginine between days 14 and 25 of gestation enhances embryonic development and survival in gilts[J].Amino Acids, 2014, 46(2):375-384.
[53] WU G, BAZER F W, BURGHARDT R C, et al.Impacts of amino acid nutrition on pregnancy outcome in pigs:mechanisms and implications for swine production[J].Journal of Animal Science, 2010, 88(13 Suppl):E195-E204.
[54] WU G Y, BAZER F W, HU J B, et al.Polyamine synthesis from proline in the developing porcine placenta[J].Biology of Reproduction, 2005, 72(4):842-850.
[55] WU G, BAZER F W, DATTA S, et al.Proline metabolism in the conceptus:implications for fetal growth and development[J].Amino Acids, 2008, 35(4):691-702.
[56] XIA M, PENG J, CUI C B, et al.Effect of gestation dietary methionine-to-lysine ratio on methionine metabolism and antioxidant ability of high-prolific sows[J].Animal Nutrition, 2021, 7(3):849-858.
[57] TRAN N T, AMARGER V, BOURDON A, et al.Maternal citrulline supplementation enhances placental function and fetal growth in a rat model of IUGR:involvement of insulin-like growth factor 2 and angiogenic factors[J].The Journal of Maternal-fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 2017, 30(16):1906-1911.
[58] JOHNSEN G M, BASAK S, WEEDON-FEKJÆR M S, et al.Docosahexaenoic acid stimulates tube formation in first trimester trophoblast cells, HTR8/SVneo[J].Placenta, 2011, 32(9):626-632.
[59] BASAK S, DUTTAROY A K.Effects of fatty acids on angiogenic activity in the placental extravillious trophoblast cells[J].Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Essential Fatty Acids, 2013, 88(2):155-162.
[60] BASAK S, DUTTAROY A K.
Cis-9,
trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid stimulates expression of angiopoietin like-4 in the placental extravillous trophoblast cells[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta:Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, 2013, 1831(4):834-843.
[61] GHELFI E, YU C W, ELMASRI H, et al.Fatty acid binding protein 4 regulates VEGF-induced airway angiogenesis and inflammation in a transgenic mouse model:implications for asthma[J].The American Journal of Pathology, 2013, 182(4):1425-1433.
[62] ELMASRI H, GHELFI E, YU C W, et al.Endothelial cell-fatty acid binding protein 4 promotes angiogenesis:role of stem cell factor/c-kit pathway[J].Angiogenesis, 2012, 15(3):457-468.
[63] PANDYA A D, DAS M K, SARKAR A, et al.Tube formation in the first trimester placental trophoblast cells:differential effects of angiogenic growth factors and fatty acids[J].Cell Biology International, 2016, 40(6):652-661.
[64] JISHAGE K, ARITA M, IGARASHI K, et al.Alpha-tocopherol transfer protein is important for the normal development of placental labyrinthine trophoblasts in mice[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2001, 276(3):1669-1672.
[65] KASIMANICKAM R K, KASIMANICKAM V R, RODRIGUEZ J S, et al.Tocopherol induced angiogenesis in placental vascular network in late pregnant ewes[J].Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 2010, 8:86.
[66] ZINGG J M, MEYDANI M, AZZI A.α-Tocopheryl phosphate-an activated form of vitamin E important for angiogenesis and vasculogenesis?[J].BioFactors, 2012, 38(1):24-33.
[67] YATES N, CREW R C, WYRWOLL C S.Vitamin D deficiency and impaired placental function:potential regulation by glucocorticoids?[J].Reproduction, 2017, 153(5):R163-R171.
[68] NEMA J, SUNDRANI D, JOSHI S.Prenatal vitamin D supplementation reduces blood pressure and improves placental angiogenesis in an animal model of preeclampsia[J].Food & Function, 2020, 11(12):10413-10422.
[69] GRUNDMANN M, HAIDAR M, PLACZKO S, et al.Vitamin D improves the angiogenic properties of endothelial progenitor cells[J].American Journal of Physiology.Cell Physiology, 2012, 303(9):C954-C962.
[70] KLINGLER M, BLASCHITZ A, CAMPOY C, et al.The effect of docosahexaenoic acid and folic acid supplementation on placental apoptosis and proliferation[J].The British Journal of Nutrition, 2006, 96(1):182-190.
[71] WEN S W, ZHOU J, YANG Q Y, et al.Maternal exposure to folic acid antagonists and placenta-mediated adverse pregnancy outcomes[J].Canadian Medical Association Journal, 2008, 179(12):1263-1268.
[72] WANG Y J, HUANG M W, YANG X F, et al.Supplementing punicalagin reduces oxidative stress markers and restores angiogenic balance in a rat model of pregnancy-induced hypertension[J].The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology, 2018, 22(4):409-417.
[73] BASAK S, SRINIVAS V, MALLEPOGU A, et al.Curcumin stimulates angiogenesis through VEGF and expression of HLA-G in first-trimester human placental trophoblasts[J].Cell Biology International, 2020, 44(5):1237-1251.
[74] KING J H, KWAN S T C, YAN J, et al.Maternal choline supplementation modulates placental markers of inflammation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis in a mouse model of placental insufficiency[J].Nutrients, 2019, 11(2):374.
