RESEARCH PAPER

Effects of Betaine on Slaughter Performance and Muscle Quality of Yellow Feather Broilers

  • SONG Yuduo ,
  • LIU Qiang ,
  • YANG Mi ,
  • CHEN Rui ,
  • ZHOU Yanmin ,
  • ZHOU Guobo ,
  • YANG Wenwu ,
  • ZHUANG Su
Expand
  • 1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
    2. Yixing Skystone Feed Co., Ltd., Yixing 214200, China

Received date: 2021-07-18

  Online published: 2022-02-15

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of betaine on slaughter performance and muscle quality of yellow feather broilers. A total of 400 one-day-old female yellow feather broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups with 8 replicates per group and 10 birds per replicate. Broilers in the control group were fed a basal diet, and the others in experimental groups were fed basal diets supplemented with 125, 250, 500 and 1 000 mg/kg betaine, respectively. The experiment lasted for 74 days. The results showed as follows:1) dietary betaine significantly decreased the subcutaneous fat thickness and intramuscular fat width (linear, P<0.05), but had no significant effects on the dressed percentage and percentage of eviscerated yield (P>0.05). 2) Dietary betaine significantly decreased the drip loss at 24 and 48 h in breast muscle (linear and quadratic, P<0.05), and the drip loss at 24 and 48 h in breast muscle group of experimental groups was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). Dietary betaine significantly increased the peak area ratio of immobilized water in breast muscle (linear, P<0.05), significantly decreased the peak time of immobilized water, peak time of free water, peak area of bound water and peak area ratio of bound water in breast muscle (linear, P<0.05), and the peak time of free water in breast muscle of 500 and 1 000 mg/kg betaine supplementation groups was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). 3) Dietary betaine significantly increased the breast muscle ether extract content (linear, P<0.05), and the breast muscle ether extract content of 1 000 mg/kg supplementation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Dietary betaine significantly increased the contents of methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and histidine in breast muscle (linear, P<0.05). 4) Dietary betaine significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and glutathione (GSH) content in breast muscle (linear, P<0.05), and the breast muscle T-AOC of 500 and 1 000 mg/kg betaine supplementation groups was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). In conclusion, dietary betaine can reduce the body fat deposition, increase the content of ether extract and amino acids in breast muscle, enhance the water-holding capacity, immobilized water ratio and antioxidant capacity of breast muscle, ultimately improving the muscle quality of yellow feather broilers. In this experiment, the 1 000 mg/kg supplementation group has the best effect.

Cite this article

SONG Yuduo , LIU Qiang , YANG Mi , CHEN Rui , ZHOU Yanmin , ZHOU Guobo , YANG Wenwu , ZHUANG Su . Effects of Betaine on Slaughter Performance and Muscle Quality of Yellow Feather Broilers[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2022 , 34(2) : 897 -907 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.02.023

References

[1] 韦平.当前优质鸡产业面临的挑战与发展机遇——论优质鸡产业发展九大议题[J].中国家禽, 2019, 41(11):1-6. WEI P.Challenge and development opportunity of quality chicken industry in China-a review about 9 issues on the topic[J].China Poultry, 2019, 41(11):1-6.(in Chinese)
[2] EKLUND M, BAUER E, WAMATU J, et al.Potential nutritional and physiological functions of betaine in livestock[J].Nutrition Research Reviews, 2005, 18(1):31-48.  
[3] MATTHEWS J O, SOUTHERN L L, HIGBIE A D, et al.Effects of betaine on growth, carcass characteristics, pork quality, and plasma metabolites of finishing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science, 2001, 79(3):722-728.  
[4] BERTRAM H C, PURSLOW P P, ANDERSEN H J.Relationship between meat structure, water mobility, and distribution:a low-field nuclear magnetic resonance study[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2002, 50(4):824-829.  
[5] ALIREZAEI M, REZA GHEISARI H, REZA RANJBAR V, et al.Betaine:a promising antioxidant agent for enhancement of broiler meat quality[J].British Poultry Science, 2012, 53(5):699-707.  
[6] 王一冰, 蒋守群.黄羽肉鸡营养研究新进展[J].中国家禽, 2020, 42(2):1-10. WANG Y B, JIANG S Q.Research progress of nutrition for yellow-feathered chickens[J].China Poultry, 2020, 42(2):1-10.(in Chinese)
[7] ZHAN X A, LI J X, XU Z R, et al.Effects of methionine and betaine supplementation on growth performance, carcase composition and metabolism of lipids in male broilers[J].British Poultry Science, 2006, 47(5):576-580.  
[8] 陈宽维, 高玉时, 王志跃, 等.中华人民共和国农业行业标准家禽生产性能名词术语和度量统计方法[J].中国禽业导刊, 2006(15):45-46. CHEN K W, GAO Y S, WANG Z Y, et al.Agricultural standards of the people's republic of china-terms and statistical methods of measurement of poultry production performance[J].Guide to Chinese Poultry, 2006(15):45-46.(in Chinese)
[9] 黄子信, 吴美丹, 周光宏, 等.低场核磁共振测定鲜猪肉中水分分布的制样方法[J].食品安全质量检测学报, 2017, 8(6):2006-2011. HUANG Z X, WU M D, ZHOU G H, et al.Sampling method for low field nuclear magnetic resonance measurement of moisture distribution in pork[J].Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2017, 8(6):2006-2011.(in Chinese)
[10] 潘晓娜, 张林, 邢通, 等.白纹肉和木质肉的组织学特性、营养成分及肉品质特性研究[J].南京农业大学学报, 2020, 43(3):498-504. PAN X N, ZHANG L, XING T, et al.Histological characteristics, nutritional components and meat quality of white striping and wooden breast[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 2020, 43(3):498-504.(in Chinese)
[11] LI Y P, WANG Z Y, YANG H M, et al.Effects of dietary fiber on growth performance, slaughter performance, serum biochemical parameters, and nutrient utilization in geese[J].Poultry Science, 2017, 96(5):1250-1256.  
[12] 蒋雪樱, 张瑞强, 颜瑞, 等.不同甜菜碱产品对肉鸡屠宰性能、肉品质及肌肉抗氧化性能的影响[J].饲料工业, 2016, 37(23):14-17. JIANG X Y, ZHANG R Q, YAN R, et al.Effects of different betaine on slaughter performance, meat quality and antioxidant capacity of breast muscle in broilers[J].Feed Industry, 2016, 37(23):14-17.(in Chinese)
[13] 杨雨, 阳金金, 万雨, 等.饲粮中添加甜菜碱对仔鹅生长性能及其调控因子的影响[J].动物营养学报, 2020, 32(9):4140-4147. YANG Y, YANG J J, WAN Y, et al.Effects of dietary betaine on growth performance and its regulating factors of geese[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2020, 32(9):4140-4147.(in Chinese)
[14] 汪以真, 许梓荣, 陈民利.甜菜碱对肉鸭体内脂肪代谢的影响[J].中国兽医学报, 2000, 20(4):409-413. WANG Y Z, XU Z R, CHEN M L.Effect of betaine on carcass fat metabolism of meat duck[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science, 2000, 20(4):409-413.(in Chinese)
[15] HUANG Q C, XU Z R, HAN X Y, et al.Effect of dietary betaine supplementation on lipogenic enzyme activities and fatty acid synthase mRNA expression in finishing pigs[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2008, 140(3/4):365-375.
[16] LENG Z X, FU Q, YANG X, et al.Increased fatty acid β-oxidation as a possible mechanism for fat-reducing effect of betaine in broilers[J].Animal Science Journal, 2016, 87(8):1005-1010.  
[17] YANG C C, CHEN T C.Effects of refrigerated storage, pH adjustment, and marinade on color of raw and microwave cooked chicken meat[J].Poultry Science, 1993, 72(2):355-362.  
[18] 明丹丹, 张一敏, 董鹏程, 等.牛肉肉色的影响因素及其控制技术研究进展[J].食品科学, 2020, 41(1):284-291. MING D D, ZHANG Y M, DONG P C, et al.Recent progress in studies of factors influencing beef color and technologies for controlling it[J].Food Science, 2020, 41(1):284-291.(in Chinese)
[19] CHEN R, WEN C, CHENG Y F, et al.Effects of dietary supplementation with betaine on muscle growth, muscle amino acid contents and meat quality in Cherry Valley ducks[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2019, 103(4):1050-1059.
[20] 冷智贤, 洑琴, 杨雪, 等.甜菜碱对肉鸡屠宰性能及胸肌肉品质的影响[J].食品科学, 2015, 36(9):166-169. LENG Z X, FU Q, YANG X, et al.Effect of betaine on carcass characteristics and breast meat quality of broilers[J].Food Science, 2015, 36(9):166-169.(in Chinese)
[21] ESTEVE-GARCIA E, MACK S.The effect of DL-methionine and betaine on growth performance and carcass characteristics in broilers[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2000, 87(1/2):85-93.
[22] 沈啸, 樊艳凤, 唐修君, 等.不同生长速度肉鸡肌肉品质比较[J].中国家禽, 2021, 43(5):8-13. SHEN X, FAN Y F, TANG X J, et al.Comparison of meat quality of broilers with different growth rate[J].China Poultry, 2021, 43(5):8-13.(in Chinese)
[23] FUNDO J F, AMARO A L, MADUREIRA A R, et al.Fresh-cut melon quality during storage:an NMR study of water transverse relaxation time[J].Journal of Food Engineering, 2015, 167(Part A):71-76.
[24] 郝红涛, 赵改名, 柳艳霞, 等.肉类制品的质构特性及其研究进展[J].食品与机械, 2009, 25(3):125-128. HAO H T, ZHAO G M, LIU Y X, et al.The texture characteristics and advances of meat products[J].Food and Machinery, 2009, 25(3):125-128.(in Chinese)
[25] 常海军, 周文斌, 王强.肉品风味及影响因素研究进展[J].肉类工业, 2010(8):46-49. CHANG H J, ZHOU W B, WANG Q.Research progress on meat flavor and its influential factors[J].Meat Industry, 2010(8):46-49.(in Chinese)
[26] 汪以真, 许梓荣.甜菜碱对生长肥育猪体脂重分配的作用及机理研究[J].畜牧兽医学报, 2001, 32(2):122-128. WANG Y Z, XU Z R.Effect of betaine on repartition of carcass fat in growing and finishing pigs and approach to it's mechanism[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2001, 32(2):122-128.(in Chinese)
[27] 黎寿丰, 章双杰, 李慧芳, 等.不同鸡种 (品系) 胸肌肌内脂肪沉积规律及其遗传参数估测[C]//第15届华东地区家禽交易会暨中国·扬州水禽发展高层论坛论文集, 扬州:扬州市政府, 2005:167-170. LI S F, ZHANG S J, LI H F, et al.Investigated deposition law and estimated genetic parament of cheat muscle intramuscular fat of different breeds (strains)[C]//Proceedings of the 15th East China Poultry Trade Fair and China Yangzhou Waterfowl Development High-level Forum.Yangzhou:Yangzhou Municipal Government, 2005:167-170.
[28] 谭林, 姜海龙.肌内脂肪含量与猪肉品质的相关性分析[J].饲料博览, 2010(12):11-13. TAN L, JIANG H L.Correlation analysis of intramuscular fat content and pork quality[J].Feed Review, 2010(12):11-13.(in Chinese)
[29] 冯杰, 许梓荣.甜菜碱对肥育猪肌肉和肝脏及血清氨基酸组成的影响[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2001, 27(1):107-110. FENG J, XU Z R.Effect of betaine on muscle, liver and serum amino acid composition in finishing swine[J].Journal of Zhejiang University (Agriculture & Life Sciences), 2001, 27(1):107-110.(in Chinese)
[30] 邢通, 王成赞, 张林, 等.鸡肉风味物质的影响因素及其营养调控研究进展[J].动物营养学报, 2021, 33(6):3028-3035. XING T, WANG C Z, ZHANG L, et al.Research advance of factors affecting chicken meat flavor and its nutritional regulation[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2021, 33(6):3028-3035.(in Chinese)
[31] GRAY J I, GOMAA E A, BUCKLEY D J.Oxidative quality and shelf life of meats[J].Meat Science, 1996, 43(S1):111-123.
[32] VESKOVIC M, MLADENOVIC D, MILENKOVIC M, et al.Betaine modulates oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and Akt/mTOR signaling in methionine-choline deficiency-induced fatty liver disease[J].European Journal of Pharmacology, 2019, 848:39-48.
[33] ZHANG M M, ZHANG H, LI H X, et al.Antioxidant mechanism of betaine without free radical scavenging ability[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2016, 64(42):7921-7930.  
Outlines

/