Research Progress of Application of Bacillus subtilis as Feed Additive in Pigs Production

  • LIU Shuai ,
  • XIONG Yunxia ,
  • SUN Lyuhui ,
  • WANG Li
Expand
  • 1. College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
    2. State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China Ministry of Agriculture, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China

Received date: 2021-09-15

  Online published: 2022-04-14

Abstract

Bacillus subtilis is one of the common probiotics used in pig production, and used in feed production in the form of multi-additive or fermentation bacteria, and often used in combination with enzyme preparations, other probiotics and prebiotics. Bacillus subtilis has the effects of improving pigs' performance, intestinal health and meat quality. This paper reviews the biological properties, and the effects of Bacillus subtilis on pigs' performance, intestinal health and muscle quality, and the underlying mechanisms, to provide some theoretical basis for its rational production and use.

Cite this article

LIU Shuai , XIONG Yunxia , SUN Lyuhui , WANG Li . Research Progress of Application of Bacillus subtilis as Feed Additive in Pigs Production[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2022 , 34(4) : 2105 -2113 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.04.006

References

[1] KOVÁCS Á T.Bacillus subtilis[J].Trends in Microbiology,2019,27(8):724-725.  
[2] LARSEN N,THORSEN L,KPIKPI E N,et al.Characterization of Bacillus spp. strains for use as probiotic additives in pig feed[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2014,98(3):1105-1118.  
[3] 黄玉岚,霍小东,姚宏明,等.枯草芽孢杆菌WEI-62体外益生评价及其对仔猪生长性能、肠道形态和肠道菌群的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2020,56(11):140-145. HUANG Y L,HUO X D,YAO H M,et al.Bacillus subtilis WEI-62in vitro evaluation of its effect on a probiotic growth performance,intestinal morphology and intestinal flora [J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2020,56(11):140-145.(in Chinese)
[4] XU J,ZHONG F,ZHANG Y H,et al.Construction of Bacillus subtilis strain engineered for expression of porcine β-defensin-2/cecropin P1 fusion antimicrobial peptides and its growth-promoting effect and antimicrobial activity[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2017,30(4):576-584.
[5] UPADHAYA S D,SHANMUGAM S K,KANG D K,et al.Preliminary assessment on potentials of probiotic B. subtilis RX7 and B. methylotrophicus C14 strains as an immune modulator in Salmonella-challenged weaned pigs[J].Tropical Animal Health and Production,2017,49(5):1065-1070.  
[6] ZHANG W,ZHU Y H,ZHOU D,et al.Oral administration of a select mixture of Bacillus probiotics affects the gut microbiota and goblet cell function following Escherichia coli challenge in newly weaned pigs of genotype MUC4 that are supposed to be enterotoxigenic E.coli F4ab/ac receptor negative[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2017,83(3):e2716-e2747.
[7] CAULIER S,NANNAN C,GILLIS A,et al.Overview of the antimicrobial compounds produced by members of the Bacillus subtilis group[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2019,10:302.
[8] KAEWTAPEE C,BURBACH K,TOMFORDE G,et al.Effect of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis supplementation in diets with low- and high-protein content on ileal crude protein and amino acid digestibility and intestinal microbiota composition of growing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology,2017,8:37.
[9] SUVA M A,SUREJA V P,KHENI D B.Novel insight on probiotic Bacillus subtilis:mechanism of action and clinical applications[J].Journal of Current Research in Scientific Medicine,2016,2(2):65-72.  
[10] WANG J L,HUANG L L,MOU C X,et al.Mucosal immune responses induced by oral administration recombinant Bacillus subtilis expressing the COE antigen of PEDV in newborn piglets[J].Bioscience Reports,2019,39(3):BSR20182028.
[11] WANG J L,WANG Y H,ZHANG E,et al.Intranasal administration with recombinant Bacillus subtilis induces strong mucosal immune responses against pseudorabies[J].Microbial Cell Factories,2019,18(1):103.
[12] YANG Y H,JING Y C,YANG J J,et al.Effects of intranasal administration with Bacillus subtilis on immune cells in the nasal mucosa and tonsils of piglets[J].Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine,2018,15(6):5189-5198.
[13] ZHANG S,MOU C X,CAO Y N,et al.Immune response in piglets orally immunized with recombinant Bacillus subtilis expressing the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 2[J].Cell Communication and Signaling,2020,18(1):23.
[14] AYALA L,BOCOURT R,CASTRO M,et al.Effect of the probiotic additive Bacillus subtilis and their endospores on milk production and immune response of lactating sows[J].Cuban Journal of Agricultural Science,2015,49(1):1-4.
[15] MENEGAT M B,GOURLEY K M,BRAUN M B,et al.Effects of a Bacillus-based probiotic on sow performance and on progeny growth performance,fecal consistency,and fecal microflora[J].Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports,2018,4(9).
[16] MENEGAT M B,DEROUCHEY J M,WOODWORTH J C,et al.Effects of Bacillus subtilis C-3102 on sow and progeny performance,fecal consistency,and fecal microbes during gestation,lactation,and nursery periods[J].Journal of Animal Science,2019,97(9):3920-3937.  
[17] 韩丽.不同芽孢杆菌制剂对母猪繁殖性能及子代生长发育的调控[D].硕士学位论文.洛阳:河南科技大学,2018. HAN L.Regulation of several Bacillus preparations on reproductive performance of sows and growth and development of offspring[D].Master’s Thesis.Luoyang:Henan University Of Science And Technology,2018.(in Chinese)
[18] MICHIELS J,POSSEMIERS S,DEGROOTE J,et al.Feeding Bacillus subtilis C-3102 to sows and suckling piglets and to weaned piglets improves parameters of gut health and feed:gain ratio in weaners[J].Journal of Animal Science,2016,94(Suppl.3):135-137.
[19] ZHOU J C,AO X,LEI Y P,et al.Bacillus subtilis ANSB01G culture alleviates oxidative stress and cell apoptosis induced by dietary zearalenone in first-parity gestation sows[J].Animal Nutrition,2020,6(3):372-378.  
[20] WANG H,KIM K P,KIM I H.Influence of Bacillus subtilis GCB-13-001 on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,blood characteristics,faecal microbiota and faecal score in weanling pigs[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2019,103(6):1919-1925.  
[21] LEWTON J R,WOODWARD A D,MOSER R L,et al.Effects of a multi-strain Bacillus subtilis-based direct-fed microbial on weanling pig growth performance and nutrient digestibility[J].Translational Animal Science,2021,5(3):txab058.
[22] 王晓丹.芽孢杆菌制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道健康的影响[D].硕士学位论文.洛阳:河南科技大学,2019. WANG X D.Effects of bacillus preparation on growth performance and intestinal health of weaned piglets[D].Master’s Thesis.Luoyang:Henan University Of Science And Technology,2018.(in Chinese)
[23] 丁浩,黄攀,章文明,等.饲粮添加枯草芽孢杆菌对保育猪生长性能和血浆生化参数的影响[J].动物营养学报,2020,32(2):605-612. DING H,HUANG P,ZHANG W M,et al.Effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis on growth performance and plasma biochemical parameters of nursery piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2020,32(2):605-612.(in Chinese)
[24] LEE S H,INGALE S L,KIM J S,et al.Effects of dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis LS 1-2 fermentation biomass on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,cecal microbiota and intestinal morphology of weanling pig[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2014,188:102-110.
[25] YUAN L,CHANG J,YIN Q Q,et al.Fermented soybean meal improves the growth performance,nutrient digestibility,and microbial flora in piglets[J].Animal Nutrition,2017,3(1):19-24.  
[26] TSUKAHARA T,TSURUTA T,NAKANISHI N,et al.The preventive effect of Bacillus subtilus strain DB9011 against experimental infection with enterotoxcemic Escherichia coli in weaning piglets[J].Animal Science Journal,2013,84(4):316-321.  
[27] CANNING P,RUSTON C,MADSON D,et al.Effect of direct-fed microbial Bacillus subtilis C-3102 on enteric health in nursery pigs after challenge with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus[J].Journal of Swine Health and Production,2017,25(3):129-137.
[28] HE Y J,JINNO C,KIM K,et al.Dietary Bacillus spp. enhanced growth and disease resistance of weaned pigs by modulating intestinal microbiota and systemic immunity[J].Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology,2020,11:101.
[29] JIA R,SADIQ F A,LIU W B,et al.Protective effects of Bacillus subtilis ASAG 216 on growth performance,antioxidant capacity,gut microbiota and tissues residues of weaned piglets fed deoxynivalenol contaminated diets[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology,2021,148:111962.
[30] ZHU J J,GAO M X,ZHANG R L,et al.Effects of soybean meal fermented by L. plantarum, B. subtilis and S. cerevisieae on growth,immune function and intestinal morphology in weaned piglets[J].Microbial Cell Factories,2017,16(1):191.
[31] 王亚芳,肖群平,吕慧源,等.猪复合微生态制剂菌株的筛选及对仔猪生产性能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2014,50(4):58-62. WANG Y F,XIAO Q P,LV H Y,et al.The complex probiotics strain screening and its impact on production performance of piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2014,50(4):58-62.(in Chinese)
[32] JØRGENSEN J N,LAGUNA J S,MILLÁN C,et al.Effects of a Bacillus-based probiotic and dietary energy content on the performance and nutrient digestibility of wean to finish pigs[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2016,221(Part A):54-61.
[33] YANG G Y,ZHU Y H,ZHANG W,et al.Influence of orally fed a select mixture of Bacillus probiotics on intestinal T-cell migration in weaned MUC4 resistant pigs following Escherichia coli challenge[J].Veterinary Research,2016,47(1):71.
[34] 王煜琦,吴腾龙,宋春阳,等.植物乳杆菌与枯草芽孢杆菌对育肥猪生长性能和养分表观消化率及血清生化指标的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2021,57(8):237-241. WANG Y Q,WU T L,SONG C Y,et al.Effects of Lactobacillu plantarum and Bacillus subtilis on growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibility and serum biochemical indexes of finishing pigs[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2021,57(8):237-241.(in Chinese)
[35] SHENG Q K,ZHOU K F,HU H M,et al.Effect of Bacillus subtilis natto on meat quality and skatole content in TOPIGS pigs[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2016,29(5):716-721.
[36] UPADHAYA S,KIM S,VALIENTES R,et al.The effect of bacillus-based feed additive on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,fecal gas emission,and pen cleanup characteristics of growing-finishing pigs[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2015,28:999.
[37] CUI C,SHEN C J,JIA G,et al.Effect of dietary Bacillus subtilis on proportion of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in swine intestine and lipid metabolism[J].Genetics and Molecular Research,2013,12(2):1766-1776.  
[38] MENG Q W,YAN L,AO X,et al.Influence of probiotics in different energy and nutrient density diets on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,meat quality,and blood characteristics in growing-finishing pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,2010,88(10):3320-3326.  
[39] 彭俊平,舒鑫标,施杏芬,等.饲粮中添加植物甾醇、枯草芽孢杆菌及复合酶制剂对育肥猪生长性能和肉品质的影响[J].中国饲料,2018(15):62-64. PENG J P,SHU X B,SHI X F,et al.Effects of dietary supplementation of phytosterols,Bacillus subtilis and compound enzyme on growth performance and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs[J].China Feed,2018(15):62-64.(in Chinese)
[40] BALASUBRAMANIAN B,LEE S I,KIM I H.Inclusion of dietary multi-species probiotic on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,meat quality traits,faecal microbiota and diarrhoea score in growing-finishing pigs[J].Italian Journal of Animal Science,2018,17(1):100-106.  
[41] LAN R X,KIM I H.Effects of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis complex on growth performance and faecal noxious gas emissions in growing-finishing pigs[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2019,99(4):1554-1560.  
[42] DUMITRU M,SORESCU I,HABEANU M,et al.Preliminary characterisation of Bacillus subtilis strain use as a dietary probiotic bio-additive in weaning piglet[J].Food and Feed Research,2018,45(2):203-211.
[43] AKHTAR N,CAI H Y,KIARIE E G,et al.A novel Bacillus sp. with rapid growth property and high enzyme activity that allows efficient fermentation of soybean meal for improving digestibility in growing pigs[J/OL].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2021[2021-08-31].https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34464998/.
[44] MOK W K,TAN Y X,LEE J,et al.A metabolomic approach to understand the solid-state fermentation of okara using Bacillus subtilis WX-17 for enhanced nutritional profile[J].AMB Express,2019,9(1):60.
[45] SHI C Y,ZHANG Y,LU Z Q,et al.Solid-state fermentation of corn-soybean meal mixed feed with Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium for degrading antinutritional factors and enhancing nutritional value[J].Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology,2017,8:50.
[46] LIU J B,CAO S C,LIU J,et al.Effect of probiotics and xylo-oligosaccharide supplementation on nutrient digestibility,intestinal health and noxious gas emission in weanling pigs[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2018,31(10):1660-1669.  
[47] HU L,PENG X,CHEN H,et al.Effects of intrauterine growth retardation and Bacillus subtilis PB6 supplementation on growth performance,intestinal development and immune function of piglets during the suckling period[J].European Journal of Nutrition,2017,56(4):1753-1765.  
[48] DOUARCHE C,ALLAIN J M,RASPAUD E.Bacillus subtilis bacteria generate an internal mechanical force within a biofilm[J].Biophysical Journal,2015,109(10):2195-2202.  
[49] TANG W J,QIAN Y,YU B,et al.Effects of Bacillus subtilis DSM32315 supplementation and dietary crude protein level on performance,gut barrier function and microbiota profile in weaned piglets[J].Journal of Animal Science,2019,97(5):2125-2138.  
[50] GU M J,SONG S K,PARK S M,et al.Bacillus subtilis protects porcine intestinal barrier from deoxynivalenol via improved zonula occludens-1 expression[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2014,27(4):580-586.  
[51] REN J J,HE W H,LI C Y,et al.Purification and identification of a novel antifungal protein from Bacillus subtilis XB-1[J].World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology,2019,35(10):150.
[52] 李云锋,邓军,张锦华,等.枯草芽孢杆菌对仔猪小肠局部天然免疫及TLR表达的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2011,42(4):562-566. LI Y F,DENG J,ZHANG J H,et al.The effects of Bacillus subtilis on local innate immune and expression of TLR of pigs[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2011,42(4):562-566.(in Chinese)
[53] MANTIS N J,ROL N,CORTHÉSY B.Secretory IgA’s complex roles in immunity and mucosal homeostasis in the gut[J].Mucosal Immunology,2011,4(6):603-611.  
[54] HE Y Y,MAO C X,WEN H,et al.Influence of ad libitum feeding of piglets with Bacillus subtilis fermented liquid feed on gut flora,luminal contents and health[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7:44553.
[55] 祝天龙,李奎,邵强,等.枯草芽孢杆菌制剂对仔猪生长及免疫的影响[J].饲料研究,2015(3):26-31. ZHU T L,LI K,SHAO Q,et al.Effects of Bacillus subtilis preparations on growth and immunity of piglets[J].Feed Research,2015(3):26-31.(in Chinese)
[56] DUC L H,HONG H A,BARBOSA T M,et al.Characterization of Bacillus probiotics available for human use[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2004,70(4):2161-2171.  
[57] CIABATTINI A,PARIGI R,ISTICATO R,et al.Oral priming of mice by recombinant spores of Bacillus subtilis[J].Vaccine,2004,22(31/32):4139-4143.
[58] YU T,KONG J,ZHANG L,et al.New crosstalk between probiotics Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis[J].Scientific Reports,2019,9(1):13151.
[59] PIEWNGAM P,ZHENG Y,NGUYEN T H,et al.Pathogen elimination by probiotic Bacillus via signalling interference[J].Nature,2018,562(7728):532-537.  
[60] VELASCO V,WILLIAMS P.Improving meat quality through natural antioxidants[J].Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research,2011,71(2):313.
[61] NERÍN C,TOVAR L,DJENANE D,et al.Stabilization of beef meat by a new active packaging containing natural antioxidants[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2006,54(20):7840-7846.  
[62] LESER T D,KNARREBORG A,WORM J.Germination and outgrowth of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis spores in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2008,104(4):1025-1033.  
Outlines

/