RESEARCH PAPER

Differential Analysis of Rumen Microbes and Their Metabolites for Dairy Cows with Different Milk Fat Percentages

  • SHEN Ziliang ,
  • WANG Quan ,
  • CAO Hui ,
  • HU Liping ,
  • TIAN Yu ,
  • JIANG Hui ,
  • MAO Yongjiang ,
  • YANG Zhangping ,
  • ZHANG Huimin
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  • 1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
    2. Baimi Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station in Jiangyan District, Taizhou 225505, China;
    3. Nanjing Weigang Dairy Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210008, China

Received date: 2021-10-04

  Online published: 2022-05-14

Abstract

The objective of this study was to analyze the difference of rumen microbes and their metabolites for dairy cows with different milk fat percentages. Five high milk fat percentage dairy cows (H group) and five low milk fat percentage dairy cows (L group) with similar parity, lactation days and milk yield were selected from a dairy farm in Jiangsu province based on 2020 dairy herd improvement (DHI) data of Chinese Holstein dairy cows. Ruminal fluid and milk samples were collected and used to determine ruminal fluid volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations and digestive enzyme activities, conventional milk composition indexes, respectively. Rumen microbial composition and rumen metabolites were analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing and untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomics techniques. The results showed as follows:under the same diet condition, the milk fat percentage in H group and L group were 5.82% and 3.60%, respectively, and the difference between them was extremely significant (P<0.01). And ruminal fluid acetate/propionate ratio in H group was significantly higher than that in L group (P<0.05). The results of 16S sequencing indicated that Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were the dominant phylum in the rumen of dairy cows, the relative abundance of Kiritimatiellaeota in H group was significantly decreased compared with the L group (P<0.05). At genus level, Prevotella_1, Succiniclasticum and Succinivibrionaceae_UCG-001 were the dominant genera. There was no significant difference in the richness and diversity of rumen bacteria between the two groups (P>0.05), but the rumen bacterial composition structure between the two groups were different. The relative abundance of Eubacterium_xylanophilum_group in H group was significantly higher than that in L group (P<0.05), while the relative abundances of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010, Butyrivibrio_2, Methanobrevibacter, p-1088-a5_gut_group, Acetitomaculum, Lachnoclostridium_10, Lachnospiraceae_ND3007_group were significantly lower than those in L group (P<0.05). Compared with the L group, ruminal fluid xylanase activity in H group was significantly increased (P<0.05), but the lipase activity was extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01). Metabolome analysis found a total of 4 different metabolites (fold change ≥ 1.5 and P<0.05), which could effectively distinguish L group from H group. Compared with the L group, lauric acid, succinic acid, lauric acid ethyl ester and 12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid (12,13-DiHOME) were significantly up-regulated in H group (P<0.05). These metabolites were enriched in fatty acid biosynthesis and amino acid metabolism pathways. In addition, the correlation analysis of rumen microbes and metabolites showed that lauric acid, lauric acid ethyl ester and 12,13-DiHOME were significantly positively correlated with Coprococcus_2 (P<0.05). Succinic acid was significantly positively correlated with Succinivibrionaceae_UCG-002 and Prevotellaceae_Ga6A1_group (P<0.05). In conclusion, under the same diet condition, the rumen fermentation pattern, microbial composition and their metabolites are different of dairy cows with different milk fat percentages. These differential microbes can cause the changes of fatty acid biosynthesis and amino acid metabolism pathways in rumen, then affect milk fat percentage.

Cite this article

SHEN Ziliang , WANG Quan , CAO Hui , HU Liping , TIAN Yu , JIANG Hui , MAO Yongjiang , YANG Zhangping , ZHANG Huimin . Differential Analysis of Rumen Microbes and Their Metabolites for Dairy Cows with Different Milk Fat Percentages[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2022 , 34(5) : 3000 -3011 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.05.029

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