RESEARCH PAPER

Effects of Supplementary Starter Feed on Growth Performance, Rumen Development and Microbiome of Yak Calves during Lactation

  • WANG Yin ,
  • GUO Wenjie ,
  • HAO Wenjun ,
  • CUI Zhanhong ,
  • LIU Shujie
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  • Qinghai Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Key Laboratory, Qinghai Yak Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China

Received date: 2021-10-10

  Online published: 2022-05-14

Abstract

The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of supplementary starter feed on growth performance, rumen development and microbiome of dairy yak calves. Twenty 30-day-old yak calves (male) with similar body conditions were selected and randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group. On the basis of feeding milk replacer, the control group was fed alfalfa hay (RA group), and the experimental group was fed alfalfa hay and starter (RAS group). All the experimental calves were free to drink water and fed in a single column, and the dry matter intake was recorded every day. The adaptation period was 14 days and the formal test period was 120 days. At the end of the experiment, 5 individuals in each group were randomly selected for slaughter. Rumen fluid and rumen tissues were collected. Rumen fermentation parameters, rumen morphology and microbial flora composition were observed. The results showed as follows:1) the body weight in RAS group was extremely significantly higher than that in RA group (P<0.01), and the dry matter intake was higher than that in RA group (P<0.05). 2) The rumen ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration in RAS group was extremely significantly increased by 33.74% (P<0.01), and the microbial protein content was increased by 31.30% (P<0.05). The rumen acetic acid concentration in RA group was significantly higher than that in RAS group (P<0.05). The concentration of valeric acid in RAS group was significantly higher than that in RA group (P<0.05). 3) The rumen color in RAS group was deepened, and the length of nipple was extremely significantly higher than that in RA group (P<0.01). 4) The number of operational taxonomic unit in RA group was significantly higher than that in RAS group (P<0.05), at the phylum level, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in RA group was extremely significantly higher than that in RAS group (P<0.01), and the abundance of Proteobacteria in RAS group was extremely significantly higher than that in RA group (P<0.01). At the genus level, the relative abundance of Methanobacterium and Rumenococcus in RAS group was significantly higher than that in RA group (P<0.05), and the relative abundance of Quinnella in RA group was extremely significantly higher than that in RAS group (P<0.01). In summary, supplementary starter feed during lactation significantly increase the dry matter intake and body weight of yak calves, change the diversity and abundance of rumen microbial flora, and positively regulate the good development of rumen morphology and function, providing an important basis for high-quality cultivation and the nutritional level of nutrition of yak calves in the Qinghai Tibet plateau.

Cite this article

WANG Yin , GUO Wenjie , HAO Wenjun , CUI Zhanhong , LIU Shujie . Effects of Supplementary Starter Feed on Growth Performance, Rumen Development and Microbiome of Yak Calves during Lactation[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2022 , 34(5) : 3066 -3076 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.05.035

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