Effects of Dietary Energy Levels on Growth Performance, Nutrient Apparent Digestibility and Serum Biochemical Indices of Angus Bulls

LU Lianqiang; SHI Changxiao; HAO Rikang; CHEN Zhiming; CUI Yafang; LI Yingqi; TANG Jianpeng; CAO Binghai; SU Huawei

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.07.036

2022 , Vol. 34 >Issue 7: 4464 - 4473

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.07.036

RESEARCH PAPER

Effects of Dietary Energy Levels on Growth Performance, Nutrient Apparent Digestibility and Serum Biochemical Indices of Angus Bulls

LU Lianqiang ,
SHI Changxiao ,
HAO Rikang ,
CHEN Zhiming ,
CUI Yafang ,
LI Yingqi ,
TANG Jianpeng ,
CAO Binghai ,
SU Huawei

Expand

1. State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
2. Shangdu Animal Husbandry Service Center, Ulanqab 013450, China

Received date: 2022-01-10

Online published: 2022-07-14

Fold

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary energy level on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility and serum biochemical indices of Angus bulls. Thirty-six Angus bulls with similar age of (12.7±0.9) months and body weight of (371.7±20.8) kg were randomly divided into 3 groups with 4 replicates per group and 3 bulls per replicate (fed in the same stall). Bulls in the three groups were fed the diets with low, medium and high energy levels, respectively. The crude protein (CP) level in the three groups was 13.5%, and the metabolizable energy (ME) was 10.28, 10.88 and 11.49 MJ/kg, respectively. The pre-trial period lasted for 14 days, and the trial period lasted for 120 days. The results showed as follows, with the increase of dietary energy level:1) the final body weight, dry matter intake and average daily gain (ADG) of Angus bulls were linearly increased (P<0.05), and the ratio of feed to gain was linearly decreased (P<0.05). 2) The apparent digestibility of dietary dry matter, organic matter and acid detergent fiber was linearly increased (P<0.05); dietary ether extract apparent digestibility showed quadratic change (P<0.05), and the ether extract apparent digestibility in the medium energy group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups (P<0.05). 3) The concentrations of total volatile fatty acids, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid and isovaleric acid in rumen fluid were linearly increased (P<0.05), and the acetic acid to propionic acid ratio and pH in rumen fluid were linearly decreased (P<0.05). 4) The serum contents of triglyceride and urea nitrogen showed quadratic changes (P<0.05), the serum contents of total protein and albumin showed a linear increase (P<0.05), the serum total cholesterol content showed a linear trend of increase (P=0.074), and the serum alanine aminotransferase activity a linear decrease (P<0.05). 5) There were no significant changes in serum oxidative stress index and antioxidant indexes (P>0.05). In conclusion, feeding high energy level diets can increase ADG and nutrient apparent digestibility of Angus bulls, reduce feed to gain ratio, and promote rumen fermentation to propionic acid type, without causing oxidative stress; in practice, Angus bulls aged from 13 to 17 months are recommended to be fed a high energy level diet containing 13.5% CP and 11.49 MJ/kg ME.

Key words： energy levels; beef cattle; growth performance; rumen fermentation; serum biochemical indices

Cite this article

LU Lianqiang , SHI Changxiao , HAO Rikang , CHEN Zhiming , CUI Yafang , LI Yingqi , TANG Jianpeng , CAO Binghai , SU Huawei . Effects of Dietary Energy Levels on Growth Performance, Nutrient Apparent Digestibility and Serum Biochemical Indices of Angus Bulls[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2022 , 34(7) : 4464 -4473 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.07.036

References

[1] 李相柏.安格斯肉牛产业发展现状及展望[J].兽医导刊,2020(13):89. LI X B.Development status and prospect of Angus beef cattle industry[J].Veterinary Orientation,2020(13):89.(in Chinese)
[2] FORTIN A,REID J T,MAIGA A M,et al.Effect of level of energy intake and influence of breed and sex on muscle growth and distribution in the bovine carcass[J].Journal of Animal Science,1980,51(6):1288-1296.

[3] 王秉龙,沙晓弟,李毓华,等.不同能蛋水平日粮对安格斯公牛生长性能及血清生化指标的影响[J].饲料工业,2021,42(17):53-59. WANG B L,SHA X D,LI Y H,et al.Effects of different energy-protein levels diets on growth performance and serum biochemical indices of Angus bull[J].Feed Industry,2021,42(17):53-59.(in Chinese)
[4] KEADY S M,KEANE M G,WATERS S M,et al.Effect of dietary restriction and compensatory growth on performance,carcass characteristics,and metabolic hormone concentrations in Angus and Belgian Blue steers[J].Animal,2021,15(6):100215.
[5] 郭延俭.安格斯杂交肉牛不同饲喂阶段瘤胃内环境及血液相关指标变化规律的研究[D].硕士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学,2015. GUO Y J.Study on variation of rumen internal environment and related blood index in angus hybridization beef cattle at different feeding stages[D].Master's Thesis.Tai'an:Shandong Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese)
[6] BARBER K A,WILSON L L,ZIEGLER J H,et al.Charolais and Angus steers slaughtered at equal percentages of mature cow weight.II.Empty body composition,energetic efficiency and comparison of compositionally similar body weights[J].Journal of Animal Science,1981,53(4):898-906.

[7] SCHOONMAKER J P,CECAVA V M J,FAULKNER D B,et al.Effect of source of energy and rate of growth on performance,carcass characteristics,ruminal fermentation,and serum glucose and insulin of early-weaned steers[J].Journal of Animal Science,2003,81(4):843-855.

[8] HELRICH K.Official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists:2.Food composition; additives; natural contaminants[M].15th ed.AOAC:Arlington,1990.
[9] VAN SOEST P J,ROBERTSON J B,LEWIS B A.Methods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber,and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(10):3583-3597.

[10] VAN KEULEN J,YOUNG B A.Evaluation of acid-insoluble ash as a natural marker in ruminant digestibility studies[J].Journal of Animal Science,1977,44(2):282-287.

[11] WEATHERBURN M W.Phenol-hypochlorite reaction for determination of ammonia[J].Analytical Chemistry,1967,39(8):971-974.

[12] WANG H B,HE Y,LI H,et al.Rumen fermentation,intramuscular fat fatty acid profiles and related rumen bacterial populations of Holstein bulls fed diets with different energy levels[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2019,103(12):4931-4942.

[13] 钟港,陈坤,林文超,等.不同日粮能量水平对湘南黄牛生长性能、血液生化指标及抗氧化力的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2021,57(8):219-223. ZHONG G,CHEN K,LIN W C,et al.Effects of different dietary energy levels on growth performance,blood biochemical indexes and antioxidant capacity of Xiangnan Yellow cattle[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2021,57(8):219-223.(in Chinese)
[14] ARELOVICH H M,ABNEY C S,VIZCARRA J A,et al.Effects of dietary neutral detergent fiber on intakes of dry matter and net energy by dairy and beef cattle:analysis of published data[J].The Professional Animal Scientist,2008,24(5):375-383.

[15] 李伟忠,单安山.挥发性脂肪酸在动物体内的作用[J].中国饲料,2003(12):23-25,31. LI W Z,SHAN A S.Effect of volatile fatty acid on animal[J].China Feed,2003(12):23-25,31.(in Chinese)
[16] 李伟忠,李焕江.饲粮中适宜能量蛋白比选择的研究进展[J].饲料博览,2003(4):20-22. LI W Z,LI H J.Recent development of appropriate ratio of energy and protein in diet[J].Feed Review,2003(4):20-22.(in Chinese)
[17] 白大洋.日粮能量水平对西门塔尔杂交公牛育肥性能、瘤胃发酵及养分代谢的影响[D].硕士学位论文.保定:河北农业大学,2019. BAI D Y.Influence of different dietary energy levels on fattening performance,rumen fermentation and nutrient metabolism of Simmental hybrid bulls[D].Master's Thesis.Baoding:Hebei Agricultural University,2019.(in Chinese)
[18] CHUMPAWADEE S,SOMMART K,VONGPRALUB T,et al.Effects of synchronizing the rate of dietary energy and nitrogen release on ruminal fermentation,microbial protein synthesis,blood urea nitrogen and nutrient digestibility in beef cattle[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2006,19(2):181-188.
[19] 柏峻.日粮能量水平对育肥期锦江牛生产性能、相关代谢、肉品质的影响及其能量需要的研究[D].硕士学位论文.南昌:江西农业大学,2019. BAI J.Effects of dietary energy level on growth performance,metabolism, meat quality and energy requirement of Jinjiang cattle in fattening period[D].Master's Thesis.Nanchang:Jiangxi Agricultural University,2019.(in Chinese)
[20] PRESTON R L,SCHNAKENBERG D D,PFANDER W H.Protein utilization in ruminants.I.Blood urea nitrogen as affected by protein intake[J].The Journal of Nutrition,1965,86(3):281-288.

[21] 赵广永.反刍动物营养[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2012. ZHAO G Y.Ruminant nutrition[M].Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,2012.(in Chinese)
[22] 张娟利,莫放,姚刚,等.日粮添加甜菜糖蜜提高能量进食水平对新疆褐牛增重性能和瘤胃发酵的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2021,57(4):153-158. ZHANG J L,MO F,YAO G,et al.Effect of increasing dietary energy intake by beet molasses addition on growth performance and rumen fermentation in Xinjiang brown bulls[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2021,57(4):153-158.(in Chinese)
[23] 刘洁,刁其玉,赵一广,等.饲粮不同NFC/NDF对肉用绵羊瘤胃pH、氨态氮和挥发性脂肪酸的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(6):1069-1077. LIU J,DIAO Q Y,ZHAO Y G,et al.Effects of dietary NFC/NDF ratios on rumen pH,NH₃-N and VFA of meat sheep[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2012,24(6):1069-1077.(in Chinese)
[24] ALLISON M J,BRYANT M P,DOETSCH R N.Volatile fatty acid growth factor for cellulolytic cocci of bovine rumen[J].Science,1958,128(3322):474-475.

[25] LV J L,XIAO Q,CHEN Y P,et al.Effects of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate on AST,ALT,and serum levels of Th1 cytokines in patients with allo-HSCT[J].International Immunopharmacology,2017,46:56-61.
[26] QIU Q H,GAO C Y,AZIZ UR RAHMAN M,et al.Digestive ability,physiological characteristics,and rumen bacterial community of Holstein finishing steers in response to three nutrient density diets as fattening phases advanced[J].Microorganisms,2020,8(3):335.
[27] SORDILLO L M.Nutritional strategies to optimize dairy cattle immunity[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2016,99(6):4967-4982.

[28] 李月明.补饲活性干酵母制剂对育肥牛生长性能、屠宰性能、肉质及抗氧化性能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.延吉:延边大学,2020. LI Y M.Effects of live yeast preparation supplementation on growth performance,slaughter performance,meat quality and antioxidant capacity of finishing beef cattle[D].Master's Thesis.Yanji:Yanbian University,2020.(in Chinese)
[29] 耿春银.活性酵母与酵母培养物饲喂育肥牛生长性能、胴体指标和牛肉品质的比较[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业大学,2015. GENG C Y.Comparison of live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and yeast culture for growth performance,carcass traits and meat quality in finishing cattle[D].Ph.D.Thesis.Beijing:China Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese)
[30] CONG X,ZHANG Q,LI H T,et al.Puerarin ameliorates heat stress-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in bovine Sertoli cells by suppressing ROS production and upregulating Hsp72 expression[J].Theriogenology,2017,88:215-227.
[31] CASTILLO C,HERNANDEZ J,BRAVO A,et al.Oxidative status during late pregnancy and early lactation in dairy cows[J].Veterinary Journal,2005,169(2):286-292.

[32] CELI P.Biomarkers of oxidative stress in ruminant medicine[J].Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology,2011,33(2):233-240.

[33] 谢蝶,刘世仓.安格斯牛、西门塔尔牛与大方本地黄牛杂交生长性能比较研究[J].农家科技(下旬刊),2020(7):102. XIE D,LIU S C.Comparative study on growth performance of Angus cattle,Simmental cattle and Dafang local yellow cattle[J].Farm Science and Technology (Next Ten Days),2020(7):102.(in Chinese)

Options

Outlines

模态框（Modal）标题

Abstract

Cite this article

References